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TYRRELL (James), an historian, was the eldest son of sir Timothy Tyrrell, of Shotover, in Oxfordshire, by a daughter of archbishop Usher. He was born in Westminster in 1642; and at the age of fifteen became a student of Queen's college, Oxford, where he took the degree of master of He then entered at the Temple, and was called to the bar; but having an independent fortune, he did not follow the law as a profession. He concurred in the Revolution, and wrote in its defence. He also compiled a "History of England,” in 5 vols. folio; which, however, was brought down no lower than the reign of Richard II. He died in 1718. Biog. Brit.

TYRTEUS, a Greek poet, who lived in the seventh century before the Christian era. He was a native of Miletus, but lived at Athens, where he wrote warlike songs. The Spartans having applied to the Athenians for a general, the latter, out of ridicule, sent them Tyrtæus. The animating music, however, introduced by him, had such an effect upon the soldiers, that they gained a complete victory over the Messenians; on which account the martial airs of Tyrtaus were constantly played in the Lacedemonian army, as long as that republic existed. His poems were printed by Frobeinus in 1532. Fabricius Bibl. Græc.

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TYRWHITT (Thomas), an ingenious writer, was the son of Dr. Tyrwhitt, canon of Windsor, and born March 29. 1730. was educated at Eton, and next at Queen's college, Oxford, from whence he removed to a fellowship of Merton-college. On leaving the university, he became clerk of the House of Commons; but in 1768 he resigned that situation, and devoted the rest of his life to literature. He died in 1786. His principal works are - 1. Observations on some Passages in Shakspeare. 2. Fragmenta duo Plutarchi. 3. The Canterbury Tales of Chaucer, in 4 vols. 8vo., and 2 vols. 4to. 4. Dissertatio de Babrio, Fabularum Æsopicarum scriptore. 5. Notes on Euripides. 6. Poems, supposed to have been written at Bristol in the fifteenth century, by Rowley and others, with a preface and glossary, 8vo. To this volume he afterwards added an appendix, proving that the poems were written by Chatterton. 7. De Lapidibus, poema Orpheo, Græce et Lat. 8. Conjectura in Strabonem. 9. A newly discovered oration of Isæus against Menecles. Mr. Tyrwhitt left materials for a new edition of Aristotle's Poetics, which being committed to the care of Drs. Burgess and Randolph, were pub

TYSON (Edward), a physician, was born at Bristol in 1649; and educated at Magda len-hall, Oxford, where he proceeded to the degree of master of arts; but took that of doctor in physic at Cambridge in 1680. Soon after this he became a member of the College of Physicians, as he already was of the Royal Society. He was also chosen physician to Bedlam and Bridewell hospitals; and died in 1708. Dr. Tyson published1. "The Anatomy of a Porpoise," 4to. 2. The Anatomy of a Pigmy, compared with that of a Monkey, an Ape, and a Man, with a philosophical discourse, concerning the Pigmés of the Ancients, 4to. — Europ. Mag., vol. xvi.

TYSON (Michael), a divine, was born at Stamford in 1740. He became fellow of Bene't-college, Cambridge; a member of the Royal and Antiquarian Societies; and in 1776 rector of Lambourne in Essex. He died in 1780. Mr. Tyson wrote some poems, and two papers in the Archæologia; but he is principally noticed for his skill in drawing and etching. - Nichols's Bowyer.

TYTLER (William), an historical writer, was born at Edinburgh in 1711. He was educated at the high-school, and next at the university of Edinburgh; after which he studied the law, and became a writer to the signet, in which profession he continued to his death in 1792. He published "An Enquiry into the Evidence against Mary Queen of Scots," 8vo., 1759; but afterwards enlarged to 2 vols. 8vo. He also communicated to the Society of Antiquaries in Scotland, of which he was vice-president, "A Dissertation on the Marriage of Mary to the Earl of Bothwell." His other works are 1. Poetical Remains of James I. of Scotland, with the life of the author. 2. A Dissertation on Scottish Music; and some miscellaneous papers. — His son, Alerander Fraser Tytler, became a judge in Scotiand, by the title of lord Woodhouselee. wrote-1, Essay on the Principles of Translation. 2. Elements of General His tory. 3. The Life of Lord Kames Gen. Biog. Dict.

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TZETZES (John), a grammarian of Constantinople in the twelfth century. He was a general scholar, and a severe critic. Ha Commentaries upon Lycophron's Alexa dria were published by archbishop Potter, He also wrote "Chiliades," or miscellane ous histories, in verse; Scholis upon Hesiod epigrams; grammatical pieces, &c., printed at Basil, in 1546, folio. — Vossius de Hut. Græc.

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BALDINI (Petruccio), an illuminator

He came to England in the reign of Elizabeth, and there are some pieces of his in the British Museum. He wrote "Scotia descriptio a Deidonensi quodam facto, A. D. 1550, et per Petruccium Ubaldinum," print ed at Antwerp in 1588, folio; but his principal literary performance is entitled "Le Vite delle Donne illustri del regno Inghilherra, e del Regno di Scotia," 1591. His "Vita di Carlo Magno," was the first Italian book printed in England, The date is 1581, Walpole's Anecdotes.

4to.

UDAL (Ephraim), an English divine, was the son of John Udal, a celebrated puritan in the reign of Elizabeth, who died in prison in 1592. He was the author of the first Hebrew Grammar in English, entitled “A Key to the Holy Tongue." His son was educated at Emanuel-college, Cambridge, where he took the degree of master of arts in 1614. His only preferment in the church was the rectory of St. Augustine's Watling street, of which he was deprived in the rebellion, notwithstanding the excellence of his character. He was, however, an episcopalian, and an admirer of the liturgy, for which crimes the zealots plundered his house, and turned him and his wife out of doors. Mr. Udal died in 1647. He published "a Treatise against Sacrilege."- Walker's Sufferings.

UDAL (Nicholas), a schoolmaster, was born in Hampshire in 1506. He became fellow of Corpus Christi-college, Oxford, and master of Eton-school, where he was a most severe disciplinarian. He held also the live ing of Braintree, in Essex; and, in 1552, was presented to that of Calbourne, in the Isle of Wight. It appears that he removed from Eton to the mastership of Westminster-school; and he is said to have written several comedies, none of which are extant. His school-books were often printed.-Wood. UFPEMBACH (Zachary Conrad de), a learned German, was born at Frankfort, in 1683. He studied so intensely at Rudelstadt as to injure his health. On leaving that college he went to Strasburgh, and next to Halle, where he took his doctor's degree in law; after which, he settled at his native place, and there formed one of the first private libraries in Europe. He died in 1734. His works are 1. Glossarium Germanicum medii ævi. 2. History of his own Life, 3. Selecta historiæ litterariæ et librariæ. Chaufepie.

UGHELLI (Ferdinand), an ecclesiastical historian, was born at Florence, in 1595. He entered into the order of Cistercians, and became abbot of Trois Fontaines, at Rome, procurator in his province, and counsellor to the congregation of the Index. He died in

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1670. His principal work is entitled "Italia subsequently added in a second edition, Tiraboschi.

ULLOA (Don Antonio), a mathematician, was born at Seville, in 1716. He was in the marine service, and attained the rank of lieutenant-general, with the order of St. Jago. In 1735, he was appointed, with don George Juan, to go to South America, to measure a degree of the meridian. On their return, in 1745, the ship was taken by the English, and while don Ulloa was in this country, he was elected a member of the Royal Society. He afterwards published an account of his voyage, which has been badly translated into English. In 1755, he went again to South America, of which voyage some particulars were printed in 1772. He died in 1795.— Dict. Hist.

ULLOA Y PEREIRA (don Louis), a Spanish poet, was born at Toro. He gained so great a reputation by his sonnets, that he was ap pointed governor of the province of Leon. He died in 1660. His works were printed at Madrid in 1674; 4to. - Antonio Bibl. Hisp,

ULPHILAS, a Gothic bishop in the fourth century, who obtained leave from the emperor Valens, that his countrymen should settle in Thrace, on condition that the bishop himself embraced the Arian creed. He translated the Gospels into the Gothic language; of which there is an edition published by Mr. Lye, at Oxford, in 1750. An, other portion of Ulphilas's Version of the New Testament has been printed by Knitel, at Wolfenbuttle. - Dict. Hist.

ULPIAN, a celebrated jurist, who was tutor, and afterwards secretary, to the emperor Alexander Severus. He was raised to the rank of prefect of the prætorium; but he disgraced himself by his persecution of the Christians; and his oppressions were so great, that the soldiers of the prætorian guard put him to death, A. D, 226.- Moreri.

ULUGH-BEIGH, a Tartar prince, was the grandson of Tamerlane, and born in 1393. He entered upon the government at the age of fourteen years; and distinguished himself by his love of letters. He applied chiefly to astronomy; and founded at Samarcand, a college and an observatory. He made numer. ous observations on the heavenly bodies; and invited to his dominions learned men from all parts of the world, This prince had, however, the failing of putting faith in ju dicial astrology, which cost him his life; for having cast the nativity of Abdollatif, his eldest son, and finding that he would prove a dangerous character, he chose his younger son, Abdallazzi, for his successor. A rebel. lion was the consequence, and Ulugh-beigh fell by the hands of Abdollatif, in 1449, Greaves published in Latin, his "Tractatus

de Epochis Gentium Orientalium," &c. in 1650; his "Tabula Geographica de Situ quarundam regionum; Longitudines centum Stellarum;" and, in 1665, Dr. Hyde published at Oxford another work of his, entitled "Tabula Longitudinum et Latitudinum Stellarum fixarum," 4to. — Moreri.

UPTON (James), a learned divine, was born at Winslow, in Cheshire, in 1670. He was educated at Eton, and removed from thence to King's-college, Cambridge, where he took his master's degree in 1701. He afterwards became master of the grammarschool, at Taunton, in Somersetshire; besides which, he held the livings of Brimpton and Monk Silver, in that county. He died in 1749. He published-1. Aristotle de Arte Poetica. 2. "Dionysius Habicarnassensis de Structura Orationis." 3. An edition of Ascham's Schoolmaster, with Notes. 4. Novus Historiarum Fabellaruinque Delectus. His son, John Upton, born at Taunton, in 1707, became fellow of Exeter-college, Oxford; afterwards prebendary of Rochester, and rector of Great Rissington, in Gloucestershire. He died in 1760. He published an edition of Arrian's Epictetus, 2 vols. 4to.; another of Spenser's Faerie Queen, 2 vols. 4to.; and "Observations on Shakspeare," 8vo. Gen. Biog. Dict. URBAN VIII., a celebrated pope, whose family-name was Maffei Barberini, was born at Florence, in 1568. He was educated under the Jesuits, and studied the law at Pisa; after which he entered into orders, and, in 1606, attained the rank of cardinal. In 1623, he was elected to the papal chair, in which station he displayed great zeal against the Jansenists; but he was a patron of learning, and founded the college "De propaganda fide." He created no less than seventy-four cardinals. He died in 1644. His Latin poems were printed at Paris, in 1642, folio; and at Oxford, in 1726, 8vo. Moreri.

URCEUS (Anthony Codrus), a learned Italian, was born at Rubiera, in 1446. He resided several years in the palace at Forli, but his room was so dark, that he was forced to use a candle in the day-time; and going abroad one day, without putting it out, his library was set on fire, and all his manuscripts were destroyed. This so affected his brain, that he went raving into the woods; and did not recover his senses for some time. He next became professor of grammar and rhetoric at Bologna; where he died in 1500. His works were printed at Basil, in 1540.

Tiraboschi.

URFE (Honore d'), a romance-writer, was born at Marseilles, in 1567. He was educated among the Jesuits, and married the wife of his brother after she had been divorced; but the union proved unhappy, and re also separated. He died in 1625.

l work is "L'Astree," 4 vols. fest brother was count de

Lyon; and died in 1621. He wrote poeti cal pieces. Moreri.

URRY (John), an ingenious critic, vis born, it is supposed, in the north of England. He became a student of Christ-church, Oxford; where he engaged in an edition of Chaucer, part of which only be lived to accomplish; but the work was published in a splendid folio, in 1721, with his portrait prefixed, and an elaborate preface, from which it appears that he died in March, 1714, aged 51.

URSINUS (Fulvius), a learned writer, was the illegitimate son of a knight of Malta, and born at Rome, in 1529. He was abandoned by his father, but found a patron in Gentilio Delfini, a canon of Lateran, who gave him a good education, and procured him preferment. He was particularly skil ful in ascertaining the antiquity of manuscripts; but would never discover his method to any person. He died in 1600. His works are-1. De Familiis Romanis. 2 Notes on the Roman Classics. 3. Imagines Virorum illustrium et eruditorum, &c. — Ib.

URSINUS (Zachary), a protestant divine, was born at Breslaw, in Silesia, in 1554. He studied at Wittemberg, where he contracted an intimacy with Melancthon, whom he accompanied to the conference at Worms. He afterwards became master of the school at Breslaw, but was obliged to quit that place on embracing the doctrine of Zuinglius. He then went to Heidelberg, where he obtained a professorship; but this also he lost for the same cause, in 1577. then removed to Newstadt, and died there, professor of divinity, in 1583. His works were published in 1612, in 3 vols., folia — Melch. Adam.

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URSINUS (John Henry), a protestant divine, and superintendant of the churches of Ratisbon; died there in 1667. He wrote -1. Parallela Evangelica. 2. Commentaries on the Scriptures. 3. Sacra Analecta 4. Exercitationes de Zoroastro, &c. 5. De Ecclesiarum Germanicarum Origine et Progressu. His son, George Henry Uranus, who died in 1707, wrote-1. "Diatribe de Taprobana, Cerne et Ogyride veterum. 2 Disputatio de Locustis. 3. Observationes Philologica. 4. De variis Vocum Etymologicis et Significationibus, &c.— Moren.

URSUS (Nicolas Raimarus, an astrono mer, was born at Henstedt, in Holstein, about 1550. He was originally a swineherd, and could not even read till he was eighteen years old. After that, however, be laboured with such diligence as to become a teacher of mathematics in Denmark, where he had a dispute with Tycho Brahe about the invention of his system of astronomy, which Ursus claimed as his own, while Tycho charged him with plagiarism. Ursis then went to Prague; but left that city in 1589, and died in 1600. He wrote several works. Ibid.

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USHER (James), an illustrious prelate, was born at Dublin, Jan. 4. 1580. His father was one of the six clerks in chancery, and his mother the daughter of James Stanyhurst, recorder of Dublin, and speaker of the Irish House of Commons. He was taught to read by two aunts, who were both blind, but had a great knowledge of the Scriptures. He was next put under the care of two Scotch gentlemen, who kept a school at Dublin, where they were the secret agents of James VI. In 1593 Usher became the first student of Trinity-college, Dublin, where he laid so strong a foundation of knowledge, that in his nineteeth year he held a dispute with Fitz Simons, a celebrated Jesuit, then a prisoner in Dublin, and who had chailenged the most learned protestants to contend with him on the points controvorted between the two communions. Jesuit, at first, despised the stripling who came against him; but when the conference ended, he would not renew it. Usher was, at this time, fellow of his college; and in 1601 he received ordination from his uncle, the archbishop of Armagh. Two years afterwards he went to England to purchase books for the college library; and, during his absence, his mother became a convert to popery, which gave him great trouble. On his return he was made professor of divinity; besides which he held the chancellorship of the cathedral of St. Patrick. In 1612 he took his doctor's degree; and soon after published his work, entitled "De Ecclesiarum Christianarum Successione et Statu." In 1615 he was employed to draw up the articles for the Irish church, which passed the convocation, though the doctrine of predes tination was asserted in them in the strongest terms. In 1620 he was consecrated bishop of Meath, from whence, in the last year of king James, he was translated to Armagh, being then in England, where he held a disputation with Beaumont, a Jesuit, which had the effect of converting lord Mordaunt to the protestant religion, and of strengthening his lady in the same faith. The primate kept up a most extensive correspondence with men of learning in all parts of Europe; and he employed persons to visit the East for the purchase of manuscripts. Two of the most valuable of these acquisitions were a copy of the Samaritan Pentateuch, and one of the Old Testament in Syriac. In 1639 he printed his "Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates," which contains an exact account of the British church. When the Rebellion broke out in Ireland, he was plundered of every thing except his library, which he conveyed to England, where the king gave him the bishopric of Carlisle; but the troubles that followed rendered it of no benefit.

The archbishop then resided at Oxford, where he frequently preached before the king, and published the epistles of Polycarp and Ignatius, the manuscripts of which

3.

had been recovered by his diligence. In 1646 he was chosen preacher of Lincoln's Inn, where he officiated eight years, and then retired on account of his infirmities. From that time he lived wholly with the countess of Peterborough, partly at her house in London, and partly at Ryegate in Surrey, where he died March 21. 1655-6. His body was interred, with great pomp, in Westminster Abbey by the orders of Cromwell, who, however, threw all the expence on the primate's family. His principal works, in addition to those already mentioned, are -1. Goteschalci et Predestinarianæ Controversiæ ab eo mota historiæ. 2. Veterum Epistolarum Hibernicarum Sylloge. Tracts on Episcopacy. 4. The Power of the Prince, and the Obedience of the Subject. 5. Annals of the Old and New Testament, folio. 6. De Romanæ Ecclesiæ Symbolo. 7. Dissertatio de Macedonum et Asianorum. 8. De Græca Septuaginta Interpretum verum Syntagma. 9. Chronologia Sacra. 10. A collection of letters, to and from the archbishop, with his life, by Dr. Parr, folio. The volume entitled "A Body of Divinity," printed in 1654, folio, was compiled, without his consent, from his sermons and notes. The archbishop left one daughter, who married sir Timothy Tyrrell, of Shotover, in Oxfordshire. His library, after being much pillaged, was given to Trinity-college, Dublin. — Life by Parr.

USHER (James), a Roman Catholic writer, was born in the county of Dublin in 1720. He was first a farmer, next a linen-draper, and afterwards a priest. He then settled at Kensington, where he kept a school, and died in 1772. Mr. Usher wrote -1. "Clio, or a Discourse on Taste," 12mo. 2. "An Introduction to the Theory of the Human Mind," 8vo. ; and some pamphlets. · Europ. Mag.

UTEMBOGART (John), a celebrated minister of the Remonstrants or Arminians, in Holland, was born at Utrecht in 1557. He studied at Geneva under Beza; and in 1583 was chosen pastor at Utrecht, from whence he removed, in 1591, to the Hague, where he preached both in Dutch and French, with great applause. In 1610 he went as chaplain to the embassy in France, where he formed an intimacy with Casaubon. When the disputes arose in Holland, between the Arminians and Calvinists, Utembogart was obliged to leave the country, and retired to Antwerp, and next to Rouen. In 1626 he returned to Holland, and died there in 1644. His wrote his own life, and an ecclesiastical history, in folio. - Brandt's Hist. Reform.

UTENHOVIUS (Charles), an an eminent scholar, was born at Ghent in 1536. He studied at Paris; after which he visited England, where he received many marks of favour from queen Elizabeth. He finally settled at Cologne, and died there in 1600. His prin cipal works are 1. Epistolarum Centuria