supplies of various adjacent towns were interfered with, and it was apprehended that a sudden breakage would sweep away Lewiston, Niagara City, and other communities on the banks of the river. Eventually on April 23 and 24 the danger was averted by the use of dynamite under the direction of the N.Y. Public Works Department.

12. The results of the "Schools of the Empire Shooting Competitions" (for school cadet corps) were announced. The Lawrence Military Asylum, India, won both the senior prize (Prince of Wales' Cup) and the junior (Natal Shield), Dover College was second in the senior (under twenty) and Pietermaritzburg second in the junior competition. The Transvaal schools competed for the first time.

13. The counter-revolution began at Constantinople. (See Foreign History, Chapter III.)

14. At Cardiff, a statue to Sir Edward Reed, sometime Chief Constructor of the Navy, was unveiled by Lord Rosebery, who spoke on the naval crisis.

16. At the Parliamentary bye-election for East Edinburgh, caused by the acceptance of the Vice-Presidency of the Scottish Local Government Board by Sir G. McCrae (L.), Lord Provost Gibson (L.) was elected with 4,527 votes, Mr. P. J. Ford (U.) receiving 4,069. The Liberal majority, now 458, had been 4,174 at the general election.

17. At Glasgow, the match between the Celtic and Rangers Clubs for the Scottish Association Football Cup having for the second time ended in a tie, a refusal to play extra time led to a riot; some eighty spectators and forty-five constables were injured. In consequence, the cup was withheld for the year by the Scottish Football Association.

18. The beatification of Joan of Arc took place before a vast congregation in St. Peter's, Rome.

19. The House of Commons reassembled after the Easter recess. (See English History, Chapter III.)

It was announced that Mr. J. P. Mellor had been appointed King's Proctor, vice Lord Desart resigned.

The Shakespeare celebrations at Stratford-on-Avon began with the opening of an exhibition and the performance of "Julius Cæsar" by Mr. Benson's company at the Memorial Theatre.

The Turco-Bulgarian Protocol was signed at Constantinople and the Russo-Bulgarian Agreement at St. Petersburg. (See Foreign History, Chapter III.)

20. The seventieth birthday of the King of Roumania was celebrated at Bucharest.

21. It was announced that the Rev. Canon H. E. Savage, Vicar of Halifax, had been appointed Dean of Lichfield, vice the Very Rev. H. M. Luckock, D.D., deceased.

At Epsom the City and Suburban Handicap, 1 miles, was won by Mr. W. Hall Walker's White Eagle; time, 2 mins. 71 secs.

23. In Portugal, an earthquake in the Valley of the Tagus destroyed two villages, Benevento and Samora, near Santarem; about forty persons were killed and about a hundred injured.

The anniversary of Shakespeare's birth was celebrated by a memorial service at Southwark Cathedral, at which an ode was read by the Poet Laureate and an address delivered by Mr. Forbes Robertson.

24. The Young Turkish forces from Salonika entered and occupied Constantinople. (See Foreign History, Chapter III.)

In the final match for the Association Football Cup at the Crystal Palace, Manchester United defeated Bristol City by a goal to nothing. 25. At Nice a statue of Gambetta erected by the townspeople was unveiled by President Fallières. M. Clemenceau, the Prime Minister, delivered an address.

26. An International Women's Suffrage Congress opened in London. The Prince and Princess of Wales opened the Edgar Allen Library at Sheffield University.

-The Hungarian Ministry resigned. (See Foreign History, Chap. II.) 27. Sultan Abdul Hamid was formally deposed by a unanimous vote of the Turkish National Assembly, and his brother, Reshad Effendi, proclaimed Sultan as Mohammed V. (See Foreign History, Chapter III.)

- Three women suffragists chained themselves to statues in the central hall of the Houses of Parliament.

- A complimentary breakfast was given at the Holborn Restaurant to the Rev. John Clifford, D.D., of Westbourne Park Chapel, in celebration of his ministerial jubilee.

28. Lord Curzon published in a small volume a Memorandum reviewing and criticising proposals for the reform of Oxford University. At Newmarket, the Two Thousand Guineas was won by the King's colt, Minoru, the Duke of Portland's Phaleron being second and Mr. Raphael's Louviers third; time, 1 min. 37 secs.

29. The Budget was introduced. (See English History, Chapter III.) 30. The Queen of the Netherlands gave birth to a daughter and heir to the throne. The event, which had been anxiously expected for a month, was hailed with great rejoicings.

The Royal Academy Banquet took place at Burlington House. The speeches, intermitted in 1908, were restored, and the Prince of Wales, the Prime Minister, the First Lord of the Admiralty and Lord Curzon were among the speakers.

- At Christie's, Jules Breton's "Le Goûter," 1886, was sold for 2,700 guineas; two pictures of cattle by Troyon respectively 2,500 and 2,550 guineas; a view of Amsterdam by Jakob Maris, 1,200 guineas, and a Turner (“ Ingleborough from Hornby Castle") 1,300 guineas.

MAY.

1. Labour demonstrations took place in various Continental countries, but little was done in Germany owing to trade depression. In Paris there was some unrest owing to the postal and telegraphic labour crisis, in Buenos Ayres a conflict between the crowd and the police was followed by rioting and several deaths, and by a general strike.

At the Parliamentary bye-election for Cork City, caused by the retirement of Mr. William O'Brien (Ind. N.), Mr. Maurice Healy (Ind. N.) was returned by 4,706 votes, Mr. G. Crosbie (N.) receiving 3,547.

- A notice was posted at the Inner Temple announcing the formal disbarring of Pandit Shyamaji Krishnavarma on the ground of a letter by him in the Times of February 20, which was regarded as justifying recent political outrages in India. (Later, a number of members of Convocation of the University of Oxford memorialised the Vice-Chancellor with a view of terminating the Herbert Spencer Lectureship, founded by Mr. Krishnavarma in 1904; but the University was advised that there was no legal method of doing so.)

4. At the Parliamentary bye-election for the Attercliffe division of Sheffield, caused by the retirement from ill-health of Mr. Batty Langley (L.), Mr. J. Pointer (Lab.) was returned by 3,531 votes; Mr. King Farlow (C.) received 3,380, Mr. Lambert (L.) 3,175, and Mr. Muir Wilson (Ind. U.) 2,803.

At the Parliamentary bye-election for the Stratford-on-Avon division of Warwickshire, due to the resignation of Captain KincaidSmith (L.) to test the opinion of his constituents on compulsory military service, Mr. P. S. Foster (U.) was returned with 5,374 votes ; Mr. J. Martin, K.C. (L.), ex-Premier of British Columbia, received 2,747; and Captain Kincaid-Smith 479.

6. At Sotheby's, at a sale of illuminated MSS., chiefly Books of Hours of the fifteenth and sixteenth century, a sixteenth century MS. brought 7901., an early fifteenth century MS. 505l., and others prices varying from 761. to 3201. The total of 67 lots (65 MSS.) produced 8,0561. 108.

At Edinburgh, Oscar Slater, charged with the murder of Miss Marion Gilchrist, in Glasgow on December 21, 1908, was found guilty by a majority and sentenced to death. (The aim was robbery of jewellery. In consequence of the division of the jury, the death sentence was not carried out.)

7. The Convocation of Canterbury prorogued till July 8. The lower House had rejected (May 4) a resolution slightly weakening the rubrical obligation to daily service; it now passed a resolution which as amended deprecated the prohibition under existing circumstances of either of the two existing usages regarding the vesture of the minister at Holy Communion.

Mr. Winston Churchill, President of the Board of Trade, received a deputation advocating the Channel Ferry and expressed his willingness to do all in his power to advance the project.

8. The King returned to London from his Continental tour. (See March 5, and English History, Chapter III.)

At Liverpool University the Earl of Derby was installed as Chancellor in succession to his father; the Earl of Crewe, Mr. Balfour, Lord Charles Beresford, Mr. Birrell, Mr. Marconi and others receiving honorary degrees.

At Nottingham, the Australians beat Notts after two days' play by an innings and six runs.

The amateur tennis championship was won at Queen's Club by Mr. E. H. Miles, who beat Mr. N. S. Lytton by three sets to none. Mr. Jay Gould, the holder, did not compete.

10. Investiture of Sultan Mohammed V. with the sword of Osman. (See Foreign History, Chapter III.)

Strangers readmitted to the galleries of the House of Commons for the first time since October 29, 1908.

12. The German Emperor and Empress were met by the King and Queen of Italy at Brindisi.

Postal strike in France. (See Foreign History, Chapter I.)

At Brentford the Duke of Northumberland unveiled a column commemorating the conflict at the Ferry between the troops of Julius Cæsar and those of Cassivellaunus, Offa's Church Council of 780, the defeat of Cnut by Edmund Ironside, 1018, and the battle of Brentford, 1648.

A Stradivarius violin, "Le Mercure," was sold by auction in London for 9251.

At Northampton the Australian cricket team beat the county by nine wickets.

13. At Christie's, at the sale of the late Mr. Justice Day's pictures, Millet's "Goose Maiden was sold for 5,000 guineas; Corot's "Ferry for 2,800 guineas; Daubigny's "Bords de l'Oise" for 1,800 guineas; Harpignies' "Solitude " for 1,800 guineas; Matthew Maris' "Four Mills" for 3,300 guineas; the same artist's "Feeding Chickens for 3,000 guineas. Almost equally high prices were realised for other pictures by these and other artists. The whole collection realised nearly 95,000l.

14. The German Emperor and Empress were received by the Emperor of Austria in Vienna. (See Foreign History, Chapter III.) At Herlisheim, near Colmar, Alsace, the boiler of a goods engine exploded as an express passed; both trains took fire and were derailed; five killed, fourteen injured.

15. Mr. Burns, President of the Local Government Board, opened a Children's Infirmary at Carshalton erected by the Metropolitan Asylums Board, and said that something would be, and was being, done to carry out the recommendations of the Poor Law Commission. Review of 8,000 City "Territorials" by the Lord Mayor at the Mansion House.

16. In the early morning the Polurrian Hotel at Mullion, Cornwall, was burnt down; three ladies were injured.

The "founder's centenary" and jubilee of Bradfield College were celebrated by a special service at the College.

17. At the Parliamentary bye-election for West Edinburgh, due to the resignation of Sir Lewis McIver (U.), Mr. J. A. Clyde, K.C. (U.), was returned unopposed. The selected Liberal candidate, Mr. Lyell, was already in the House, and the Liberals decided against a contest.

The 400th anniversary of the foundation by Henry VIII. of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms was celebrated at Buckingham Palace.

20. The Imperial International Exhibition was opened by the Duke of Argyll at Shepherd's Bush, in the "White City," occupied in 1908 by the Franco-British Exhibition.

Speech from the Throne in the Turkish Parliament delivered through the Grand Vizier by Mohammed V. (See Foreign History, Chapter III.)

At Christie's, a Louis XV. marqueterie secretaire with the inlaid cypher of Marie Antoinette was sold for 2,400 guineas, an old Sèvres service for 1,050 guineas, a set of five panels of old Beauvais tapestry for 1,500 guineas, and a suite of Louis XIV. walnut wood furniture for 900 guineas.

21. At Christie's, at the Cuthbertson sale, Romney's portrait of Mrs. Blackburne was sold for 5,200 guineas and that of Mrs. Newbery for 5,100 guineas. Sir Joshua Reynolds's "Snake in the Grass" for 4,950 guineas; a Rousseau for 4,600 guineas; a Dutch landscape by Jakob Maris for 3,000 guineas; a rustic view by E. Van Marcke for 3,800 guineas; two Corots respectively for 3,150 and 2,800 guineas; and a landscape by Daubigny for 2,100 guineas.

At Sotheby's a unique Caxton volume in an original binding sold for 2,6001.

22. The Hague Court disposed of the Franco-German dispute relating to the deserters from the Foreign Legion at Casablanca in September, 1908. (See Foreign History, Chapter III.)

At Lord's Cricket Ground the M.C.C. beat the Australian team by seven wickets.

In an International Balloon Race from Hurlingham Mr. J. Dunville's Banshee was first, and Major Sir H. Bannerman's Satellite second. A German competitor, Dr. Linke, landed nearest the goal, but was disqualified.

23. German Municipal visit to London began. (See English History, Chapter III.)

24. Empire Day celebrations. (See English History, Chapter III.) 26. At Epsom, the Derby was won by the King's colt, Minoru; Mr. W. Raphael's Louviers was second, and Lord Michelham's William the