The Conservation of Plant BiodiversityCambridge University Press, 21 sep 1995 - 299 pagina's The Conservation of Plant Biodiversity takes an evolutionary perspective to the conservation of plant biodiversity, stressing the need to explore both current and long-term issues. It highlights three conservation strategies: communities conserved in nature reserves; individual species conserved in nature reserves or botanic gardens; and domesticated plants, preserved mainly in germplasm collections. Because conservation biology has such a broad scope and relevance to the community at large, it is faced with several controversial issues such as the dichotomy between the preservation of individual species versus a broader focus on the ecosystem; the relative importance to give to endangered species; the design and management of reserves and the value of corridors; and the drive for increasing agricultural productivity through plant improvement versus the drive to maintain traditional peasant varieties in cultivation. Here, these and other issues are examined, by emphasizing and exploring the underlying scientific principles. The conservation of whole communities emerges as the paramount strategy for maintaining the evolutionary potential of plant life. |
Inhoudsopgave
The biological system of conservation | 1 |
the ecological perspective | 2 |
the evolutionary perspective | 3 |
biodiversity | 5 |
16 The conservation of biodiversity | 8 |
The genetic diversity of wild plants | 10 |
22 Levels and patterns of diversity | 11 |
222 Allozyme evidence | 12 |
455 DNA banks as germplasm collections | 110 |
46 Organization and management | 111 |
461 International beginnings | 112 |
procedures and responsibilities | 113 |
463 Genetic resources centres The global network | 115 |
464 National institutions and international networks | 116 |
Plant species conservation and population biology | 118 |
52 Concept of minimum viable population | 119 |
223 Molecular polymorphism | 15 |
23 Major determinants of variation | 22 |
231 The physical environment | 23 |
232 Biotic interactions and hostpathogen systems | 25 |
233 Mating system and historic effects | 27 |
24 Use of wild genetic resources in plant improvement | 29 |
242 Sources of new adaptations | 32 |
243 The need for collecting wild relatives | 33 |
25 Sampling strategies | 34 |
251 Sampling theory of the infinite neutral alleles model | 35 |
252 Sufficiency of sampling procedures | 36 |
253 Optimal allocation of sampling effort | 37 |
26 Conclusion the genes of concern | 38 |
The genetic diversity of cultivated plants | 39 |
312 Domestication | 40 |
313 Single versus multiple domestication | 47 |
314 Genetics of domestication | 48 |
315 Geography of domestication | 49 |
316 Dispersal and diversification | 52 |
317 The dynamics of genetic diversity | 54 |
32 Genetic resources today | 56 |
321 Landraces | 57 |
322 Landraces population structure | 60 |
323 Landraces specific contributions | 65 |
324 Landraces adaptations and coadaptations | 67 |
325 Landraces today and tomorrow | 68 |
326 Advanced cultivars | 72 |
327 Lifesupport underutilized and new crops | 74 |
The conservation of cultivated plants | 79 |
42 Conservation in situ | 81 |
43 Populations ex situ mass reservoirs | 84 |
44 Static conservation | 86 |
442 Longterm storage of orthodox seeds | 87 |
444 Recalcitrant seeds | 89 |
446 Regeneration and multiplication | 90 |
447 Preservation of wild species as seeds | 91 |
448 Conservation of pollen | 93 |
4410 In vitro conservation | 95 |
45 Germplasm collections | 97 |
451 Size of germplasm collections | 99 |
452 Core collections | 101 |
453 Representativeness of germplasm collections as research material | 104 |
454 Genetic stock collections | 108 |
53 Population viability or vulnerability analysis | 122 |
54 Population genetic processes | 126 |
542 Sexual reproduction | 136 |
543 Migration and gene flow | 141 |
544 Diversifying selection pressures | 145 |
55 Conclusion identifying risks to populations | 147 |
The conservation in situ of useful or endangered wild species | 148 |
62 Species targets for conservation in situ | 149 |
622 Medicinal plants | 157 |
623 Forage plants | 161 |
624 Wild relatives of crop | 163 |
625 Endangered species | 170 |
63 Conclusion management and conservation in situ | 173 |
Ex situ conservation of threatened and endangered plants | 176 |
72 The role of botanic gardens in conservation | 179 |
721 International Botanic Gardens Conservation Strategy | 180 |
722 A national centre for plant conservation | 181 |
73 Issues in species conservation | 182 |
732 Selection of endangered species for ex situ conservation | 183 |
733 Preserving genetic diversity | 186 |
734 Reintroducing rare and endangered species | 189 |
735 Documentation and information | 190 |
Community structure and species interactions | 193 |
82 The structure of communities competition and the physical environment | 194 |
83 Interorder interactions and the structure of communities | 197 |
832 Role of soil microflora and fauna in shaping community structure | 209 |
84 Conclusions | 210 |
Choosing plant community reserves | 211 |
92 What are we trying to conserve and for how long? | 212 |
93 How do we determine what areas to protect? | 213 |
932 Reserve selection and design | 218 |
94 Conclusions the reality of saving what we can | 232 |
Managing plant community reserves | 234 |
102 The consequences of global climate change | 235 |
103 Maintaining the physical integrity of reserves | 239 |
104 Maintaining the biological integrity of reserves | 242 |
1042 Abiotic and biotic threats | 246 |
105 Conclusions can all communities be saved? | 255 |
CONCLUSIONS | 258 |
References | 260 |
Glossary | 291 |
293 | |
Overige edities - Alles bekijken
The Conservation of Plant Biodiversity Otto Herzberg Frankel,Anthony H. D. Brown,Jeremy James Burdon Geen voorbeeld beschikbaar - 1995 |
Veelvoorkomende woorden en zinsdelen
accessions adaptation agriculture allelic richness allozyme areas Australia barley biodiversity biological Botanic Gardens Conservation breeding system centres changes Chapter components conservation biology crop species cultivars cultivation developed disease distribution domestication dynamic ecological ecosystem effective population effective population size endangered species environmental environments evolution evolutionary example extinction fire forest Frankel frequency gene flow gene pools genetic diversity genetic drift genetic variation genome genotypes germplasm germplasm collections grazing habitat herbivores hybridization IBPGR inbreeding inbreeding depression increasing individual species interactions International invasive invasive species isozyme landraces loci long-term maize major metapopulation minimum viable population mutation nature reserves number of species occur pathogen patterns plant breeders plant communities plant species pollen polymorphic potential progeny random range recombination regeneration region resistance role sample seed selection sequences Soulé sources storage structure successional survival taxa teosinte trees tropical variability vegetation viability wheat wild relatives wild species
Populaire passages
Pagina 284 - ... the application of nuclear tools, but also in the general exchange of information, ideas and material. For example, the research co-ordination meetings relating...
Verwijzingen naar dit boek
1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants World Conservation Monitoring Centre Gedeeltelijke weergave - 1998 |