of Dr. Carey, at Serampoor, 1805, 8vo; and again, 1814, 4to. Hitopades Maháráshtri Bháshent tarjama Vaijanáth panditane Kélé, Serampoor, 1815, 8vo. . Arabic. The Hitópadésa was first translated from the Pahlvi into Arabic in the reign of Mansur, by Ibn Mokaffaa, under the title of Kelila ve Dimné (the proper name of two jackalls). An elegant and learned edition of this translation, or rather compilation, appeared at Paris with the following title: Calila et Dimna, ou Fables de Bidpai, en Arabe; précédés d'un Mémoire sur l'origine de ce livre, et sur les diverses traductions qui en ont été faits dans l'Orient, et suivies de la Moallaka de Lebid, en Arabe et en Français, par M. Silvestre de Sacy, Paris, 1816, 4to. Reviewed at length by Chézy in the Journal des Savans, 1817, Mai. From this translation two metrical versions were attempted; one by Sehl, the son of Neobacht: another, entitled Durro-l-hikam-fi amthali-l-hindi-wa-l-ajami (pearls of wisdom from Hindoo and Persian discourses), by Abdolmumin ben Hassan, is in the Imperial Library at Vienna. Silvestre de Sacy describes another Arabic translation made from the Persian, by Abou'lmaali NasrAllah, about the year 1140. See Notices et Extr. des mss. de la Bibl. du Roi, tom. x. Pars versionis Arabicæ libri Colailah wa Dimnah, sive fabularum Bidpai philosophi indi, in usum auditorum edita ab Henr. Alb. Schultens, Lugd. Batav. 1786, kl. 4. Silvestre de Sacy quotes, altogether, twenty oriental translations; that is, seven Indian, three Turkish, five Arabic, three in prose and two in verse, and five D d Persian, of which two are metrical and three in prose. A Syriac and a Malayan version are mentioned in Nyerup's Catalogus librorum Sanskritanorum, Hafnia, 1821, p. 27. Homain Nameh, the celebrated Turkish Version of the Fables of Bidpai, from the Persian of Anvary Sohahyly, manuscript. See Howell and Stewart's Catalogue of Oriental Literature, London, 1828. nn. English. Hitópadésa of Vishnusarman, translated by Sir William Jones, in the sixth vol. of his works, p. 1-176. The Heetopades of Veeshnov-Sarma; in a series of connected fables, interspersed with moral, prudential, and political maxims, translated from an ancient manuscript in the Sanscrit language, with explanatory notes, by Charles Wilkins, Bath, 1787, 8vo. This translation is highly esteemed. See Langlès' notice of it in the Revue Encyclop. 1819, vol. vi, p. 517, and Schlegel in his Ind. Bibliothek. vol. i, p. 17. The appended remarks contain a treasure of important information respecting Hindoo religion and Sanscrit literature. Kalila and Dimna, or the Fables of Bidpai, translated from the Arabic, by the Rev. Wyndham Knatchbull, Oxford, 1819, 8vo. A free translation. The Serpent and the Frogs, a fable freely translated from the Heetópadésa, in the Asiatic Journal, 1824, Sept. p. 253-255. 00. French. Les Conseils et les Maximes de Pilpay, philosophe Indien, sur les divers états de la vie, Paris, 1709, 12mo. Contes et fables Indiens de Bidpai et de Lokman, traduction du Turc d'Ali-Tchélebi-Ben-Saleh, com mencée, par M. Galland et finie par M. Gardonne, Paris, 1778, 2 vols. 12mo. The above quoted elegant version of Wilkins, was translated into French by Parraud, Paris, 1787, 8vo. Fables et Contes Indiens, avec un discours préliminaire sur la religion, etc. des Hindous, par M. Langlès, Paris, 1790, 8vo. and 18mo. Dévouement de Viravare. Tiré de l'Hitópadésa, Liv. iii; in Mélanges de la Littér. Sanscr. de A. Langlois, p. 215-224; Journ. Asiat. vol. i, p. 239. Le Jeune Prince et le Marchand Ambitieux. Tiré de l'Hitópadésa, Liv. i.; in Mél. de la Lit. Sanscr. de A. Langlois, p. 225–234. Traduction d'une fable indienne, intitulée le Serpent et les Grenouilles, par Eugène Burnouf, fils, in the Journ. Asiat. vol. ii, p. 150. . German. Respecting the German translation, by Eberhardt im Bart, Count of Würtemberg, or which he caused to be made, see D. Chr. Frid. Schnurrer Orationes Academicæ, ex edit. O. Henr. Eberh. Gottl. Pauli, Tübingen, 1828, p. 205-222. Die Fabeln des Pilpai, übersetzt, von Lucian Werber, Nürnberg, 1802, 8vo. Die Fabeln des Indischen Weltweisen Pilpai. Uebersetzt von Volgraf, Eisenach, 1803, 8vo. KK. Danish. De gamle Vises Exempler og Hofsprog, etc. Kiob. 1618. See Nyerup's Almindelig Morskabslasning i Danmark og Norge, Koibenhavn, 1816. λλ. Latin. Liber de Dina et Kalila, translated from the Spanish into Latin, about 1313, by Raimond de Bezières. See Notices et Extr. de la Bibl. du Roi, tom. x. Hitopadesi particula. Edidit et Glossarium Sanscrito-Latinum adjecit G. H. Bernstein, Vratisl. 1823, 4.to. Hr. von Hammer, in the Fundgruben des Orients, vol. ii, p. 271, mentions thirty-six translations of the Hitópadésa; and Eichhorn in his History of Literature, vol. i, p. 588, cites a Greek, six German, one Dutch, and two Swedish. THE DRAMA. ON THE DRAMATIC POETRY OF THE HINDOOS. For information respecting the dramatic poetry of the Hindoos, see the preface to Halhed's Grammar of the Bengal Language, p. iv; and Q. Craufurd's Researches on Ancient and Modern India, vol. ii, p. 183; but the most satisfactory and interesting account of the Indian drama will be found in Professor Wilson's preface to his Theatre of the Hindus, and his preliminary discourse On the Dramatic System of the Hindus. Some information also upon this subject, but mostly taken from Mr. Wilson's work, will be found in the Asiatic Journal, 1827, January, March, April, and May; and likewise in the Quarterly Review, vol. xlv, p. 39. * The learned professor read a paper on this subject to the Calcutta Asiatic Society, of which he was then secretary, as early as the year 1822. See Asiatic Journal, June, 1823, p. 581. A notice of this was translated into French, by M. Dondey Duprey, and published in the Journal Asiat. vol. x, p. 174-193. y In the Asiatic Journal for May 1828, p. 612, there is a description of a kind of dramatic representation of the history of Rama, called the Rama Leela. This seems to bear no relation to the regular drama, but is quite modern. It constitutes one of the principal festivals of the Hindoo calendar; at which it seems that the sacred legend of the Ramayana is chanted by a band of priests from day to day, occupying altogether twenty or thirty days, and that whatever incidents are capable of being acted are simultaneously performed in dumb show. Sur la littérature dramatique des Hindous. Mémoire lu à la Société Asiatique de Calcutta le 26 Dec. 1823, in the Bulletin Univ. Août, 1826; Philologie, p. 90–92; from the Orient. Magazine, Févr. 1823, p. 250. German: Ueber die dramatische Literatur der Hindu, in the Blättern zur literar. Unterhalt, 1827, No. 86. No branch of Sanscrit literature has been placed so fully, so pleasingly, and so familiarly before the English public as that of the drama in the Hindu Theatre of Professor Wilson; a work which is not confined to the mere translation of two or three Sanscrit plays, but gives the reader full information respecting the history and antiquity, the laws and language, the authors and actors,-in short, respecting the whole way and manner of scenic representation in India. It is a matter truly surprising, that the publication of this work, which has been rapidly translated into German and French, and is now, as I am told, reprinting in America, should not have awakened a more lively interest among the literary countrymen of the author; and the more so, because the Indian drama, independently of its importance as throwing a considerable light upon the manners and habits of Hindoo society before it had been sophisticated by foreign invasion and influence, has high claims to our regard as abounding in rich and forcible delineation of character; in pure and graceful descriptions; and in plots full of life and bustle, arranged with sufficient ingenuity and skill to arouse the attention, and keep alive a continual interest in the business of the stage. The Hindoo drama, moreover, possesses, in its originality, one striking peculiarity which it might be supposed would alone ensure it general favour. Professor Wilson says, it is impossible the dramatic compositions of India should have been borrowed from any other |