royal library at Copenhagen; where there is also a vocabulary in manuscript, inscribed with the title of Sarasvata; and another by Gada Sinha Nanarthadaanimanjari. See Dansk Litter. Tidende for 1819, p. 124.

3. Modern Dictionaries.

Yayadeva, printed entirely in Sanscrit, at Calcutta, p. 68, in oblong 8vo. According to Ward (View of the History, etc. vol. i, p. 584) it is a short treatise for the explanation of difficult passages and expressions in ancient writers.

A Catalogue of Indian Plants (419), comprehending their Sanscrit, and as many of their Linnæan generic names, as could with any degree of precision be ascertained, by Sir Will. Jones, in the Dissertations relating to the History and Antiquities of Asia, London, 1798, vol. iv, p. 234-238. See also his Works, vol. ii, p. 39, 4to. edit.

Fleming's Catalogue of Indian Medicinal Plants and Drugs, with their Names in the Hindustani and Sanscrit Languages, Calcutta, 1825, 8vo.

Dictionary of Mohammedan Law, Bengal Revenue Terms, Sanscrit, Hindoo, and other words used in the East Indies, with full explanations, by S. Rousseau, London, 1802, 8vo.

Sanscrit and Hindoo Dictionary, by S. Rousseau, London, 1812, 4to.

A Dictionary, Sanscrit and English, translated, amended, and enlarged, from an original compilation, prepared by learned natives for the college of Fort William, by Horace Hayman Wilson, secretary of the Asiatic Society, Calcutta, 1819, 4to.. This, as the

A greatly improved and enlarged edition of Wilson's Dictionary is now in the press, and was expected to be out by the end of the past year.

title expresses, is rather a condensation of the best ancient dictionaries than an original work. It is compiled by Raghumani Bhattâ Charya, and corrected, arranged, and translated into English by Wilson. See Bopp's Review of this dictionary, in the Götting. Gel. Anz. 1821, St. 36, and Indische Bibliothek, von A. W. v. Schlegel, i, 3, s. 295–364, ii, 1, s. 2—11.

A Sungscrit Vocabulary, containing the nouns, adjectives, verbs, and indeclinable particles, most frequently occurring in the Sungscrit language, arranged in a grammatical order, with an explanation in Bengalee and English, by William Yates, Calcutta, 1820, 8vo. Table alphabétique pour le Vocabulaire Sanscrit de M. Yates, par M. Jules Klaproth, in his Table alphabétique du Journal Asiatique, Paris, 1829, Svo. p. 112–135.

Sabda Kalpa Druma, a Sanscrit Dictionary, by Rada Canta Deb, of which the first part was published, Calcutta, 1828. See Asiat. Journ. xxv, 497.

San sifan man meng han sti yao, ou Recueil nécessaire de Mots Sanscrits, Tangutains, Mandshous, Mongols, par M. Abel Rémusat. From a Polyglott Dictionary written in China. In the Fundgruben des Orients, tom. iv, 3, 183.

Vocabularium Malabarico-Samscrdamico-Lusitanum, auctore P. Joan. Em. Hanxleden, a manuscript in the library of the Propaganda at Rome.

Anquetil du Perron left also a Sanscrit Dictionary in manuscript, in his own hand writing, and in a fit state for the press, large folio. See Magasin Encyclop. An v, vol. i, p. 241.

The Royal Asiatic Society of London possesses also a Sanscrit Dictionary, compiled in modern times, which bears the name of Sabda Calpa Druma, with Professor Wilson has also the materials for a Sanscrit Dictionary, arranged upon etymological principles. See Memorial to Convocation.

the words explained in Bengalee. See Asiat. Journ. 1828, April, p. 481.

An Original Dictionary, Sanscrit and English, by Alex. Hamilton, is mentioned among the manuscripts in the Oriental catalogue of Howell and Steward, 1827, Suppl. p. 102, No. 4433. In the Journal Asiat. May, 1825, p. 319, general Boisserole announces his intention to publish a grammar and dictionary of the Sanscrit language, for which new types were already cut, of which he gives a very handsome specimen. So far as I know, however, no portion of the work has yet appeared.

Glossarium Sanscritum, auct. Fr. Bopp, Fascic. i, Berolini, 1829, 4to.

COMPARISON OF THE SANSCRIT WITH OTHER

LANGUAGES.

THE great number of languages which are said to owe their origin, or bear a close affinity to the Sanscrit, is truly astonishing, and is another proof of its high antiquity. A German writer has asserted it to be the parent of upwards of a hundred languages and

After all, the literary world seem much divided respecting the high antiquity of Hindoo learning. Tennemann says, "Writers who have entered deeply into the study of history, with a view to its bearing on theology, have declared the Hebrews to be the primitive race; others, the Egyptians; and lastly, both these have been displaced by the Hindoos." This opinion, which is supported by Fred. Schlegel, is learnedly and forcibly combatted by Ritter, who has devoted a chapter of his History of Philosophy to the examination of this subject. Those who consult it will not be disappointed; as in it he has condensed, with much ability, all that could be gathered on the subject, and placed it before the reader in an elegant and attractive form. It has been published since the work of Adelung. See Tenneman's Manual of the History of Philosophy, translated by the Rev. Arthur Johnson, Oxford, 1832, 8vo. Schlegel (Fred.) Ueber Sprache u. s. a. der Indier; and, Geschichte der Philosophie, von Dr. Heinrich Ritter, Hamb. 1829, 8vo. vol. i, p. 58—137.

dialects; among which he enumerates twelve Indian, seven Median-Persic, two Arnautic-Albanian, seven Greek, eighteen Latin, fourteen Sclavonian, and six Celtic-Gallic 8. It seems a remarkable fact, that the various theories in which learned men have latterly so much indulged respecting the origin and affinities of languages, all tend to confirm this statement; for, however widely they may be opposed to one another in the results of their speculations, they nearly all fix upon the Sanscrit as the basis of some part of their argument; thus all tacitly acknowledging the antiquity and influence of that language. The various vocabularies which we now possess, and the results of the laborious and learned investigations which the next few pages will detail, render it pretty evident, that the Sanscrit has not only furnished words for all the languages of Europe, but forms a main feature in almost all those of the East. A host of writers have made it the immediate parent of the Greek, and Latin, and German families of languages; or regarded some of these as descended from it through a language now extinct. With the Persian and Zend it has been almost identified by Sir William Jones and others. Halhed notices the similitude of Sanscrit and Arabic words; and this not merely in technical and metaphorical terms, but in the main groundwork of language i. In a contrary direction the Indo-Chinese, and other dialects in that quarter, all seem to be closely allied to it. One original language seems, very remote period, to have pervaded the whole Indian archipelago, and to have spread toward Madagascar on one side, and the islands in the South-sea

in a

Rudiger, in Neuern Geschichte der Evangelischen Missions-Anstalten, st. 66, s. 59.

See above, p. 3.

i Preface to his Grammar of the Bengal Language.

on the other; but in proportion," adds the historian from whom I borrow this remark, " as we find any of these tribes more highly advanced in the arts of civilised life than others, in nearly the same proportion do we find the language enriched by a corresponding accession of Sanscrit terms, directing us at once to the source whence civilisation flowed towards these regions"."

Further information on this subject will be found in the following works:

Researches into the Origin and Affinity of the principal Languages of Asia and Europe, by Lieut. Col. Vans Kennedy, London, 1824, 8vo. See an able review of this work in Asiatic Journal, January, 1832, p. 1, etc; in which much information will be found on this subject.

The Eastern Origin of the Celtic Nations proved by a Comparison of their Dialects with the Sanscrit, Greek, Latin, and Teutonic Languages, by James Cowles Prichard, M. D. F. R. S. etc., Oxford, 1831, 8vo.

Ueber die Uebereinkunft des Sanskrits mit den Wörten anderer alten Sprachen, see Adelung, Mithridates, vol. i, p. 149, etc.

A comparison of the Indian words found in ancient writers, in Hadr. Relandi Diss. Miscell. (de veteri lingua Indica), Traj. ad Rhen. 1706, 8vo. tom. i, p. 757, vol. iv, p. 424.

Synglosse Indo-Européenne par M. Eichhoff, Paris, 1829, containing a comparison of the principal languages of Europe with one another, and with the Sanscrit.

1. With the Indian Languages.

La Croze quotes, in his Hist. du Christ. des Indes,