tom. ii, p. 303, a Tamulic work of the twelfth century, Divagarum', in which is said to be proved the derivation of all the other Indian languages from the Sanscrit. Plan of a Comparative Vocabulary of Indian Languages, by Sir James Mackintosh, in the Transactions of the Literary Society of Bombay, London, 1819, 4to. vol. i, p. 297. Familienverwandtschaft der indischen Sprachen, von. G. Blumhardt, Nürnberg, 1819, 8vo. Affinity of the Sanscrit with the Prakrit, Pali, and Zend, in which is described the most holy books of the Jains, by Dr. Leyden, in Asiatic Researches, vol. x, p. 279; and in Essai sur le Pali, etc. par E. Burnouf et Chr. Lassen, Paris, 1826, SvoTM. Ivar Abel Symphona symphona, seu XI Ling. Orient. discors exhibita concordia, Tamulicæ videlicet, Gran See above, p. 8. m These three dialects, the Prakrit, the Pali, and the Zend, are probably the most ancient derivatives from the Sanscrit. The great mass of vocables in all the three, and even the forms of inflection, both in verbs and nouns, are derived from the Sanscrit. The Pali alphabet seems to be derived from the Devanagari. Leyden's Essay, as above. Again, professor Wilson observes, "There is one question of some interest attaching to the construction of the Prakrit, which seems to merit a fuller enquiry than has yet been given to it; namely, Does it represent a dialect that was ever spoken; or is it an artificial modification of the Sanscrit language, devised to adapt the latter to peculiar branches of literature? The latter," he continues, "seems the most likely." There certainly appears something very mysterious about these languages. If the Prakrit be no more than a modification of the Sanscrit, why may not the Sanscrit be a device, or the modification of some other ancient language? Why, indeed, may not the round assertion of a recent critic be true, who affirms that this language never could have been spoken, and that it is a fabrication from beginning to end? See Wilson's Preface to his Hindoo Theatre, p. 70; and Theological Review, vol. v, p. 360. This opinion, however, is forcibly combatted by Heeren, in his Researches on the Indians; who acutely remarks, that it is not very easy to define what is meant by inventing a language; and asks how it is possible for any literature to be fully developed unless through the medium of vernacular speech. G thamicæ, Telugicæ, Samscrutamica, Marathicæ, Balahandicæ, Canaricæ, Hindostanicæ, Cuncanicæ, Guzurraticæ, et Peguanicæ non characteristicæ, quibus ut explicativo-harmonica adjuncta est Latina, Hafnia, 1782, 8vo. History and Languages of the Indian Islands, in Edinburgh Review, vol. v, 23. Ueber die Verzweigungen der indischen Sprachen mit dem Sanskrit in einer systematischen Aufzählung derjenigen Sprachen, welche in Vorderund HinterIndien und in den anstossenden Ländern gesprochen werden, von Joseph von Hammer, in the Wiener Jahrbüchern der Literatur, 1818, vol. ii, p. 276-290. The affinity of the Sanscrit to several Indian dialects and kindred languages, is also shown by M. Wilhelm Palmblad, in his essays on the origin of the Hindoos, in the Swedish Journal, Svea, für Wissenschaft und Kunst, Upsala, 1819, vol. ii, p. 1-168. 460. Fundgruben des Orients, vol. i, p. 459, Franz Alter's treatise, already quoted, upon the Sanscrit language. Concerning the influence of the Sanscrit upon all the languages of the East Indian archipelago, see Crawford's History of the Indian Archipelago, Edinburgh, 1820, 8vo. vol. ii, p. 71, and Raffles's Java, vol. ii, 369. Concerning the Sanscrit and its connection with the East Indian languages which have sprung from it, in Vater's Proben deutscher Volksmundarten u. S. W. p. 169-194. Elucidation of the Hindoo family of languages descended from the Sanscrit, in Carl Ritter's Erdkunde im Verhältnisse zur Natur und zur Geschichte des Menschen u. s. w. Berlin, 1817, 8vo. Anhang, p. 800. Q. Craufurd's Researches on Ancient and Modern India, vol. ii, p. 182, 183, 190, 236–238. Indian, and the languages related to the Sanscrit, in Asia Polyglotta von Julius Klaproth, p. 53, 387– 415. 2. With the Bohemian or Gypsy Language. Mithridates von J. C. Adelung, Th. i, p. 244.. 3. With the Zend. Paulini a Bartholomæo Diss. de Antiquitate et Affinitate Linguarum Zendicæ, Samscritanicæ, et Germanicæ, Padova, 1798, 4to. Two hundred Zend and sixty German words are here compared with the Sanscrit. The affinity of the Sanscrit to the Zend, by Dr. Leyden, in Asiatic Researches, vol. x, p. 279. Investigation of the affinity which the Sanscrit bears to the Zend, in Link's Urwelt, p. 162-172. 4. With the Persian. Halhed in the preface to his Grammar of the Bengal Language. A Dictionary or Vocabulary of those words in Persian which are derived from, or have Synonymes in the Sanscrit. A manuscript in the Supplement to, Howell and Stewart's Oriental Catalogue for 1827, London, p. 101". De Affinitate qua Lingua Sanscrdamica cum ea Persarum ita conjuncta est, ut potius ab hac illa, quam ab illa hæc naturali ordine sit derivanda, in Othm. Frankii Comment. de Persidis Lingua et Genio. Comparaison du Persan avec le Samskrit, in the Tableaux Synoptiques, ou Mots similaires qui se n It is described as a small thick folio, very neatly and plainly written; and is priced at 71. 7s. trouvent dans les langues Persane, Samskrite, Grecque, etc., par H. A. le Pileur, Leyde, 1814, 8vo. p. 40. Franz Bopp über das Conjugationssystem der Samskritsprache, p. 116–136. Concerning the Sanscrit language and its affinity to the Persian, in J. S. Vater's Proben deutscher Volksmundarten u, s. w. p. 169. On the identity of the Persian and Sanscrit languages, in Alex. Murray's History of the European Languages, vol. ii, p. 379; and, concerning the light which the Sanscrit throws upon the structure of Persian words, in the same, p. 418. Letters on India, by Maria Graham, London, 1817, 8vo. Commentatio de Adfinitate prisca Indorum Linguæ, quam Sanscritam dicunt, cum Persarum, Græcorum, Romanorum, atque Germanorum Sermone, P. i, Vindobona, 1827, 4to. See Jenaische Allg. Lit. Zeit. 1827, No. 199. 5. With the Chinese. The Chinese letters and language compared with the Sanscrit, in a Dissertation on the Character and Sounds of the Chinese Language, etc. by J. Marshman, Serampoor, 1809, 4to., and also in Quarterly Review, vol. v, p. 393, etc. See also vol. xv, p. 367, etc. 6. With the Arabic. See Halhed's preface to his Grammar of the Bengal Language, 1778, 4to. Many Hebrew and Arabic words are compared with the Sanscrit, Malay, Mahratta, Turkish, Tartaric, Chinese, etc., by Math. Norberg, in his Vater-Unser in den Sprachen Asiens in Nova Acta Reg. Societ. Scientiar. Upsal. vol. ix, p. 207, etc. Only the beginning, however, of Norberg's work has appeared, death having put an end to his labours. 7. With the Greek. Sir William Jones says, (Asiat. Research. vol. i, p. 422,)" The Sanscrit language, whatever may be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either; yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and in the forms of grammar, than could have been produced by accident; so strong, that no philologer could examine all the three, without believing them to be sprung from one common source, which perhaps no longer exists." The Rev. Dr. Browne observes, in a letter inserted in the Reports of the Bible Society, "The Sanscrit answers to Greek, as face answers face in a glass. The translation into it of the New Testament will be perfect, while it will be almost verbal: it will be published with the Greek on the opposite page, as soon as we can procure Greek types. You will find the verb in the corresponding mood and tense; the noun and adjective in the corresponding case and gender: the idiom and government are the same; where the Greek is absolute so is the Sanscrit; and, in many instances, the primitives or roots are the same." See Appendix to Barker's edition of Cicero de Senectute, Valpy, 1811, p. xcviii. Connection between the Sanscrit and Greek, Asiat. Journal, 1830, vol. i, p. 325. On the grammatical analogy which subsists between the Sanscrit, the Latin, and the Greek, in Philological Conjectures, by Dr. Wait, in Asiat. Journ. May, 1830, p. 15. Resemblances of the Sanscrit, Greek, and Roman Numerals, in Asiat. Journ. iv, 117. |