Indian corn buried in the same manner, -Albany Cultivator. the Pilgrims who landed on Plymouth Rock | of a jug, and tightly closed at the top." Now found it cultivated by the Indians in that it is remarkable that "the Pilgrims" found vicinity; but why it has been acclimatized further north on the Missouri than in any other region, the following remarks from Catlin's work may assist in explaining, though he has not referred to this subject. "I have descended the Missouri river from the Mandan village to St. Louis, a distance of eighteen hundred miles, and have taken pains to examine its shores; and from the repeated remains of the ancient locations of the Mandans, which I met with on the banks of that river, I am fully convinced that I have traced them down nearly to the mouth of the Ohio river; and from exactly similar appearances, which I recollect to have seen several years since, in several places in the interior of the state of Ohio, I am fully convinced that they have formerly occupied that part of the country, and have from some cause or other, been put in motion, and continued to make their repeated moves until they arrived at the place of their residence at the time of their extinction on the upper Missouri. Number of Plants per Acre. THE following table may be useful to the gardener, in showing the number of plants ground, at given distances apart, when plantor trees that may be raised on an acre of ed at any of the undermentioned distances. Distance apart. 1 foot, 2 21/2 3 แ Number of Plants. 43,560 19,360 10,890 6,969 4,840 2,722 1,742 1,210 "The marks of the Mandan villages are known by the excavations of two feet or more in depth, and thirty or forty feet in diameter, of a circular form, made in the ground for the foundation of their wigwams, which leave a decided remain for centuries, and one that is easily detected the moment it is met with. After leaving the Mandan | PRACTICAL horticulturists are well aware village, I found the marks of their former how soon many substances employed in residence, about sixty miles below where gardens become decayed; for example, wood, they were then living, and from which they the cords of straw mats, cloths, canvas removed (from their own account) about sixty or eighty years since. Near the mouth of the big Shienne river, two hundred miles below their last location, I found still more ancient remains; and in as many as six or seven other places between that and the mouth of the Ohio, and each one, as I visited them, appearing more and more ancient, convincing me that these people have gradually made their moves up the banks of the Missouri." George Catlin further remarks that after the season for green corn is over, "the remainder is gathered and dried on the cob before it has ripened, and packed away in caches (as 'the French term them)-holes dug in the ground some six or seven feet deep, the insides of which are in the form shades, etc. Means of preventing this have been long sought after, but all hitherto tried have imperfectly answered the purpose. It appears that the difficulty is at last surmounted, and that the marine glue affords an almost indestructible coating for wood, iron, canvas, and other substances which are injuriously affected by long contact with air and moisture. A widow lady, Madame Audouin, who takes an interest in manufactures, has lately presented to the Central Horticultural Society at Paris, some specimens of cloth and canvas adapted for horticultural purposes, which had been prepared with marine glue, and which she said would last. exposed to all weathers, for almost any length of time. The president of the society, thinking that this invention would prove of great use, nominated a commission for verifying the statements announced by Madame Audouin, and its report has been highly favorable. Marine glue, invented by Mr. Jeffrey upward of ten years ago, is a substance resembling pitch in its composition, and possesses all the qualites of the latter without its faults. It is as insoluble in water as pitch, and it does not melt with the heat of the sun, neither does it scale and crack by contraction from cold. It glues pieces of wood together, with great firmness, is impervious to water, and according to the preparation which it undergoes, it has the property of being either inflexible, or pliable and elastic; and it may be thinly used as varnish for any article to which its application would be desirable. It has been experimentally employed for several years, and every year affords additional proof of its utility. M. Pepin, botanic gardener at the Museum of Natural History, assisted by some members of the Central Society of Horticulture, has given much attention to the use of marine glue. Five hundred props of oak and chestnut have been in the ground some two, and others three years, without the slightest change. Various landowners and horticulturists, and among them the Duc de Rohan, and M. Bella, of the Agricultural Institution of Grignon, have had cloths, canvas, and wood work prepared with marine glue, and have acknowledged the beneficial results. The trials made at the museum have been equally satisfactory. We ought, therefore, to consider this composition as a great acquisition, and doubtless its application to horticultural purposes will soon be general. It will save much of the expense which is every year incurred by the deterioration of a considerable portion of articles used in gardening.-Revue Horticole. French Gardening. IN general horticulture France is behind England; though we think that the Jardin des Plantes, at Paris, by its methodical system of arrangement takes precedence of Kew as a botanical school for the student-those systematic arrangements in the vegetable, medicinal and arborescent departments are in detail and explicit. They may not be in such beautiful and picturesque order as at Edinburgh, but they are decidedly before Kew. The flower markets, with their profusion of common-place things, may strike the uninitiated as grand, but to the practical eye the produce is inferior-but the detail and arrangement is good; everything got up for show. The roses were displayed before us in seas of beauty, wave upon wave they came rolling along-but for intrinsic beauty, the bouquets of Covent Garden surpassed those of the Flower Quays. The pine-trees in the Garden of Plants are of far superior growth and more symmetrical than those in the vicinity of London. As you enter Kew, you are struck with a good specimen of Abies Sabina, with its peculiar soft sea-green, but when you see the same in the Garden of Plants, you have to pause and admire its clothed symmetry-so with many others. The Rose Nurseries of Paris are inferior to those of Orleans, Angers and Lyons. They propagate the fine kinds in quantity, by budding only. The following among many, were very beautiful, in fact irresistible: Baron Halley, Noemie, Louise Peronet, Chateaubriand, Caroline de Sansal, Pius 9th, Julie Krudner, Madame Trideaux, (an American variety and highly esteemed in France,) Rosine Margottin, Geant des Battailles, Baron Prevost, Madam Rivers, Standard of Marengo, Julia Margottin, Auguste Mie, Eugene Sue, Doctor Julliard, William Griffith, and some others, among the now popular class of hybrid perpetuals to which all the above belong. The Bourbon family are also great favorites; however, it was not an easy task to find rivals for Souvenir de la Malmaison and Boll's Henry Clay; Teas, Bengals and Noisettes are overlooked; they are not generally hardy in England, (which is the great mart for French roses,) some of the English nurserymen purchasing from four to ten thousand plants in a season. The gardens of the peasants are judiciously stocked with a few select pears, a few grapevines, and a few select standard roses. The railroad crossings and stations are all decorated with roses and fruit trees; the latter cultivated as pyramids, trained in conical form, and with generally fair crops. They are more judicious in their selections than our American friends; they prefer few and fine sorts, known as certain bearers. R. Buist, in Philadelphia Florist. GRAPE REPORT, ON N. LONGWORTH'S COLLECTION. DR. WARDER:-The casualties to which the Catawba, as yet our best wine grape, is liable in this section of country, have lately awakened the attention of our vine-culturists to the subject of new varieties, in the hope that some new and untried kind may be found, equally good for wine, and of a more certain and hardy character. With this view, it is well known that Mr. Longworth has, for several years past, advertised for new varieties of native grapes, to be sent him by mail or otherwise. In consequence, he has already been able to collect nearly one hundred samples from different parts of the United States; many of which have been grafted on old stocks, to bring them the sooner into a bearing state. And as many of the readers of the Horticultural Review must feel an interest in the result, I send you the report of a test, made by seven gentlemen, connoisseurs in the grape, who with myself were politely invited by Mr. L. to visit his plantation and examine carefully some thirty kinds which were in fruit and at maturity, on the first of October, of this year. 1. Singleton.-From Virginia; resembles very much the Catawba; thin skin, little pulp; excellent; believed by a part of the committee to be Catawba. 2. Zane.-Said to have been found on an island in the Ohio river, below Wheeling ; in color and form it resembles Catawba; a very delicate, juicy grape, with less of the Foxy taste than the Catawba. 3. Graham-From Indiana; resembles the Schuylkill Muscadell, or Cape, but pronounced inferior. 4. Pennsylvania.-Resembles Isabella, but inferior in quality. 5. Thatcher's.--A native of Ohio; a very fine table grape; resembles the Herbemont in the berries, but the bunches are smaller. 6. Seedling Isabella. -From Virginia; more pulp; not so good as Isabella. 7. Arkansas.--From that state; in all respects like Catawba; believed to be the same; not certainly known to be indigenous to Arkansas. 8. Fox.-Purple, large, but a poor Fox grape. 9. Herbemont's (Madeira).- Vigorous, healthy vine; bunches large, shouldered; berries small, purple, compact; skin thin; no pulp, but juicy and vinous; an excellent table grape, and yields a wine resembling Spanish Manzanella. 10. Winne. Considered a good pleasant grape for table. 11. Marion.-Resembles Isabella, prob ably a seedling from it; berries and bunches rope to a foreigner in New Jersey, by a larger; it is superior as a table grape, an brother of the person to whom sent. abundant bearer, and ripens uniformly. 12. Lebanon Seedling.-Resembles Catawba, pronounced the same. 13. Cleveland.-Black, round, with little pulp; a dark red juice, with a peculiar musky flavor, rather agreeable. 25. Clarkson.--A small, black grape; excellent for the table. 26. Imitation Hamburg-Very large; dark purple; resembles black Hamburg in appearance, but inferior in quality; an American vine. Mr. Longworth adds: "I should 14. Hotchkiss.-One of the best of the say grape as large, skin as thin, pulp as Fox grapes. soft and juicy, but of inferior aroma and 15. Clermont.-Resembles Catawba in flavor to the Black Hamburg. Evidently a color; a delicious table grape. 16. Davis'.-From Kentucky; resembles Catawba; less aroma, more acid; large and vigorous grower. 17. Sherman.-Like Isabella, but inferior. 18. Cleveland Catawba.-Not genuine; inferior. 19. By Express.-Locality not known; a small white grape; bunches small; tastes like Sweetwater. 20. Lee's. Resembles Isabella; very good. 21. Blue Black, Chillicothe Seedling.Dark purple, oval berries, but not good as Isabella, which it somewhat resembles. native grape, but its origin is unknown." 27. Missouri.-Small black grape; bunches loose; skin thin; little pulp; good for the table. Mr. Longworth says: "A fine wine grape where brandy is added, as is done with the Maderia wines, which it resembles." As it was the first time that many of the above vines had produced fruit, and some only in small quantity, a very accurate judgment could not be formed in a single season; age and cultivation, with different soils and exposure, may change their qualities materially. From several Mr. Longworth will express the juice, and be able to form a partial judgment of their qualities for wine. S. MOSHER. 22. Diana. From Massachusetts; seedling from Catawba; smaller, paler, less REMARKS.-It should be understood that pulp, thicker skin; juice sweet and pleas- most of the names used in this communiant; judged not equal to Catawba, as far cation are those applied by Mr. Longworth, as tested here. for his own convenience, and generally in23. Hyde's Eliza.-Resembles Isabella; dicate the place whence or the parties from good. grapes. 24. Delaware County.-A small grape; color like Catawba; bunches small; skin thin, delicate, transparent; juice brisk, and vinous; and judged one of the very best table Vine resembles a foreign grape. It has been pronounced by several German vine men to be identical with their Traminer (?) one of their best wine grapes. The vine is said to have been cultivated in New Jersey for sixty years, and twelve years in Delaware county, in this state, and is as hardy as the Catawba. Was sent from Eu whom the cuttings were received. Since the date of the inspection now reported, Mr. L. has made wine from many of the varieties, which he proposes soon to subject to the judgment of wine tasters. Girdling Grapes. DR. DANA, of Holderness, exhibited grapes at the New Hampshire Agricultural Society's Fair, October 6, 1852, that do not usually come to perfection in the open air, fully ripened and of unusual size; they had been girdled, and the result showed with success.-Jour. of Agriculture. THE division of wines into three grand south. It is remarkable also that the quanheads, of dry, sweet and luscious, would per- tity of must afforded in different situations haps be the best method of classing them in all respects similar, differs much; and while treating of their qualities. But the terms of dry and sweet having been adopted customarily, it may be as well to follow the general rule for the sake of simplicity; as the subdivisions from these two heads may be made to include the thicker and more luscious under the generic term of "sweet," as well as the more meager in sugar under that of "dry" wines. .. It is singular that good wines should be made under multifarious modes of treatment. . The process of fermentation is carried on in many different modes, not regulated by locality or climate; and wine of excellent quality is produced under each. It seems difficult to decide which mode is to be preferred. The first requisite to make good wine seems to be a peculiar quality in the soil in which the fruit is grown, more than in the species of vine itself. Every treatment after the vintage, is secondary to this. The quality in the soil which operates upon the plant, so genial in some spots, yet scanty and confined in limit, is in its precise nature unknown. The general character of the soils friendly to the vine is always familiar to the reader, but the nature of the influence possessed by one small spot in the same vineyard over another, as exhibited in the production of several choice varieties of vine, will perhaps forever baffle the keenest spirit of inquiry. The second requisite to good wine is the species of plant, aided by a judicious mode of training and cultivation. On the whole, it appears that to refrain from attending to the soil at all, is better than to overwork it. Three-fourths of all vines are grown on hills, and wines of the first character are made from those that flourish among stones and pieces of rock, with little attention more than occasionally raking the ground between them where it is possible to do so. Hermitage was first grown among granite rocks and stones, broken smaller by art, and little or no dressing was used. On the other hand, no wine of tolerable quality is grown on rich, highly dressed land. This may be taken as of equal truth in the north and that on approaching the south, the quantity rather diminishes, as if with the increase of the saccharine principle of the grape. Thus in the department of the Meurthe, in France, the quantity of wine per hectare is never under 50.64 hectolitres, examples of two hundred are on record; an incredible quantity. Reckoning the hectare at two acres and a half, and the hectolitre at twenty-six gallons, this amounts to upward of twentytwo hundred gallons for the English acre. On the other hand, the produce in the Cote d'Or only averages 22.81 each hectare, and only ten or twelve for the richer wines; while the poor wines of the Seine and Oise yield 52.13g. The species of plant which is a favorite in one district, is discarded in another. In making the drier wines, the species seem more regulated by caprice than judgment; while for the luscious, the rich grapes of the east are cultivated in preference, from their abounding so much in sugar. The fermentation is carried on in troughs, vats or casks in all countries, covered or open, or in France with the apparatus of Gervais. This last mode is recommended because the inventor supposes it retains the strength and aroma of the wine. But a far better method is adopted in Tonneaux à Pottes. It is argued by some that the process should be as quick as possible, and by others that it should be slow; while each pursues his own method. Effervescing wines, in Champagne, are casked soon after the fermentation commences, and the must is not allowed to free itself of carbonic acid gas, nor to remain in the vat but a few hours; nor is it racked until the Christmas after the vintage. In the Ardeche, on the contrary, the wine of Argentiere designed to effervesce remains in the vat twenty-four hours; the must is racked into large bottles. and decanted every two days, until there is no further appearance of fermentation, and then bottled, corked and sealed. The effervescing wine of Arbais, once so celebrated, is made by suffering the must to remain from twenty-four to forty-eight hours in the vat, until a crust of the lees is formed as thick as |