'I go off the Stage: In which you will do a great Mr. SPECTATOR, 'Trees. SIR, Your humble servant, Drury Lane, March 24, 1710-11. 'I saw your Friend the Templar this Evening in the Pit, and thought he looked very little 'pleased with the Representation of the mad 'Scene of the Pilgrim. I wish, Sir, you would 'do us the Favour to animadvert frequently upon 'the false Taste the Town is in, with Relation to 'Plays as well as Operas. It certainly requires a 'Degree of Understanding to play justly; but 'such is our Condition, that we are to suspend 'our Reason to perform our Parts. As to Scenes of Madness, you know, Sir, there are noble In'stances of this Kind in Shakespear; but then it 'is the Disturbance of a noble Mind, from gener'ous and humane Resentments: It is like that 'Grief which we have for the decease of our 'Friends: It is no Diminution, but a Recom'mendation of humane Nature, that in such In'cidents Passion gets the better of Reason; and 'all we can think to comfort ourselves, is impotent 'against half what we feel. I will not mention 'that we had an Idiot in the Scene, and all the 'Sense it is represented to have, is that of Lust. 'As for my self, who have long taken Pains in personating the Passions, I have to Night acted only an Appetite: The part I play'd is Thirst, 'but it is represented as written rather by a DrayIman than a Poet. I come in with a Tub about me, that Tub hung with Quart-pots; with a full 'Gallon at my Mouth. I am ashamed to tell In the third act of Fletcher's comedy of the Pilgrim, Pedro, the Pilgrim, a noble gentleman, has shown to him the interior of a Spanish madhouse, and discovers in it his mistress Alinda, who, disguised in a boy's dress, was found in the town the night before a little crazed, distracted, and so sent thither. The scene here shows various shapes of madness, Some of pity One is an English madman who cries, 'Give me Fill me a thousand pots and froth 'em, froth'em! Mr SPECTATOR, 'IF you can read it with dry Eyes, I give you Dar'st thou an angry Monarch's Fury brave? 2 The King of Latium. For the Good of the Publick. eminent Italian Chirurgeon, arriv'd from the Within two Doors of the Masquerade lives an Carnaval at Venice, of great Experience in private Cures. Accommodations are provided, and Persons admitted in their masquing Habits. He has cur'd since his coming thither, in less Those English are so malt-mad, there's no med- When they've a fruitful year of barley there, We read in the text how they had produced on 2 King Latinus to Turnus in Act II., sc. 10, of the opera of Camilla. Posterity will never know in whose person 'Latinus, king of Latium and of the Volscians,' abdicated his crown at the opera to take the Queen of England's shilling. It is the only character to which, in the opera book, no name of a performer is attached. It is a part of sixty or seventy lines in tyrant's vein; but all recitative. The King of Latium was not once called upon for a song. TH HERE is nothing that more betrays a base, ungenerous Spirit, than the giving of secret Stabs to a Man's Reputation. Lampoons and Satyrs, that are written with Wit and Spirit, are like poison'd Darts, which not only inflict a Wound, but make it incurable. For this Reason I am very much troubled when I see the Talents of Humour and Ridicule in the Possession of an ill-natured Man. There cannot be a greater Gratification to a barbarous and inhuman Wit, than to stir up Sorrow in the Heart of a private Person, to raise Uneasiness among near Relations, and to expose whole Families to Derision, at the same time that he remains unseen and undiscovered. If, besides the Accomplishments of being Witty and Ill-natured, a Man is vicious into the bargain, he is one of the most mischievous Creatures that can enter into a Civil Society. His Satyr will then chiefly fall upon those who ought to be the most exempt from it. Virtue, Merit, and every thing that is Praise-worthy, will be made the Subject of Ridicule and Buffoonry. It is impossible to enumerate the Evils which arise from these Arrows that fly in the At the top of this paper in a 12mo copy of the Spectator, published in 1712, and annotated by a contemporary Spanish merchant, is written, "The character of Dr Swift.' This proves that the writer of the note had an ill opinion of Dr Swift and a weak sense of the purport of what he read. Swift, of course, understood what he read. At this time he was fretting under the sense of a chill in friendship between himself and Addison, but was enjoying his Spectators. A week before this date, on the 16th of March, he wrote, 'Have you seen the Spectators yet, a paper that comes out every day? It is written by Mr Steele, who seems to have gathered new life and have a new 'fund of wit; it is in the same nature as his Tat'lers, and they have all of them had something 'pretty. I believe Addison and he club.' Then he adds a complaint of the chill in their friendship. A month after the date of this paper Swift wrote in his journal, "The Spectator is 'written by Steele with Addison's help; 'tis often 'very pretty.' Later in the year, in June and September, he records dinner and supper with his friends of old time, and says of Addison, I yet 'know no man half so agreeable to me as he is.' dark, and I know no other Excuse that is or can be made for them, than that the Wounds they give are only Imaginary, and produce nothing more than a secret Shame or Sorrow in the Mind of the suffering Person. It must indeed be confess'd, that a Lampoon or a Satyr do not carry in them Robbery or Murder; but at the same time, how many are there that would not rather lose a considerable Sum of Mony, or even Life it self, than be set up as a Mark of Infamy and Derision? And in this Case a Man should consider, that an Injury is not to be measured by the Notions of him that gives, but of him that receives it. Those who can put the best Countenance upon the Outrages of this nature which are offered them, are not without their secret Anguish. I have often observed a Passage in Socrates's Behaviour at his Death, in a Light wherein none of the Criticks have considered it. That excellent Man, entertaining his Friends a little before he drank the Bowl of Poison with a Discourse on the Immortality of the Soul, at his entering upon it says, that he does not believe any the most Comick Genius can censure him for talking upon such a Subject at such a Time. This passage, I think, evidently glances upon Aristophanes, who writ a Comedy on purpose to ridicule the Discourses of that Divine Philosopher: It has been observed by many Writers, that Socrates was so little moved at this piece of Buffoonry, that he was several times present at its being acted upon the Stage, and never expressed the least Resentment of it. But, with Submission, I think the Remark I have here made shows us, that this unworthy Treatment made an impression upon his Mind, though he had been too wise to discover it. When Julius Cæsar was Lampoon'd by Catullus, he invited him to a Supper, and treated him with such a generous Civility, that he made the Poet his friend ever after.2 Cardinal Mazarine gave the same kind of Treatment to the learned Plato's Phædon, § 40. The ridicule of Socrates in The Clouds of Aristophanes includes the accusation that he displaced Zeus and put in his place Dinos,-Rotation. When Socrates, at the point of death, assents to the request that he should show grounds for his faith that when the 'man is dead, the soul exists and retains thought 'and power,' Plato represents him as suggesting: Not the sharpest censor 'could say that in now discussing such matters, I am dealing with what 'does not concern me.' 2 The bitter attack upon Cæsar and his parasite Mamurra was not withdrawn, but remains to us as No. 29 of the Poems of Catullus. The doubtful authority for Cæsar's answer to it is the statement in the Life of Julius Cæsar by Suetonius that, on the day of its appearance, Catullus apologized and was invited to supper; Cæsar abiding also by his old familiar friendship with the poet's father. This is the attack said to be referred to in one of Cicero's letters to Atticus (the last of Bk. XIII.), in which he tells how Cæsar was 'after the eighth hour in the bath; then he heard De Mamurrâ; did not change countenance; was anointed; lay 'down; took an emetic.' Quillet, who had reflected upon his Eminence in a famous Latin Poem. The Cardinal sent for him, and, after some kind Expostulations upon what he had written, assured him of his Esteem, and dismissed him with a Promise of the next good Abby that should fall, which he accordingly conferr'd upon him in a few Months after. This had so good an Effect upon the Author, that he dedicated the second Edition of his Book to the Cardinal, after having expunged the Passages which had given him Offence.1 Sextus Quintus was not of so generous and forgiving a Temper. Upon his being made Pope, the statue of Pasquin was one Night dressed in a very dirty Shirt, with an Excuse written under it, that he was forced to wear foul Linnen, because his Laundress was made a Princess. This was a Reflection upon the Pope's Sister, who, before the Promotion of her Brother, was in those mean Circumstances that Pasquin represented her. As this Pasquinade made a great noise in Rome, the Pope offered a Considerable Sum of Mony to any Person that should discover the Author of it. The Author, relying upon his Holiness's Generosity, as also on some private Overtures which he had received from him, made the Discovery himself; upon which the Pope gave him the Reward he had promised, but at the same time, to disable the Satyrist for the future, ordered his Tongue to be cut out, and both his Hands to be chopped off.2 Aretine 3 is too trite an instance. Claude Quillet published a Latin poem in four books, entitled Callipædia, seu de pulchræ prolis habendâ ratione,' at Leyden, under the name of Calvidius Lætus, in 1655. In discussing unions harmonious and inharmonious he digressed into an invective against marriages of Powers, when not in accordance with certain conditions; and complained that France entered into such unions prolific only of ill, witness her gift of sovereign power to a Sicilian stranger. 'Trinacriis devectus ab oris advena.' Mazarin, though born at Rome, was of Sicilian family. In the second edition, published at Paris in 1656, dedicated to the cardinal Mazarin, the passages complained of were omitted for the reason and with the result told in the text; the poet getting'une jolie Abbaye de 400 pistoles,' which he enjoyed until his death (aged 59) in 1661. 2 Pasquino is the name of a torso, perhaps of Menelaus supporting the dead body of Patroclus, in the Piazza di Pasquino in Rome, at the corner of the Braschi Palace. To this modern Romans affixed their scoffs at persons or laws open to ridicule or censure. The name of the statue is accounted for by the tradition that there was in Rome, at the beginning of the 16th century, a cobbler or tailor named Pasquino, whose humour for sharp satire made his stall a place of common resort for the idle, who would jest together at the passersby. After Pasquino's death his stall was removed, and in digging up its floor there was found the broken statue of gladiator. In this, when it was set up, the gossips who still gathered there to exercise their wit, declared that Pasquino lived again. There was a statue opposite to it Every one knows that all the Kings of Europe were his tributaries. Nay, there is a Letter of his extant, in which he makes his Boasts that he had laid the Sophi of Persia under Contribution. Though in the various Examples which I have here drawn together, these several great Men behaved themselves very differently towards the Wits of the Age who had reproached them, they all of them plainly showed that they were very sensible of their Reproaches, and consequently that they received them as very great Injuries. For my own part, I would never trust a Man that I thought was capable of giving these secret Wounds, and cannot but think that he would hurt the Person, whose Reputation he thus assaults, in his Body or in his Fortune, could he do it with the same Security. There is indeed something very barbarous and inhuman in the ordinary Scriblers of Lampoons. An Innocent young Lady shall be exposed, for an unhappy Feature. A Father of a Family turn'd to Ridicule, for some domestick Calamity. A Wife be made uneasy all her Life, for a misinterpreted Word or Action. Nay, a good, a temperate, and a just Man, shall be put out of Countenance, by the Representation of those Qualities that should do him Honour. So pernicious a thing is Wit, when it is not tempered with Virtue and Humanity. I have indeed heard of heedless, inconsiderate Writers, that without any Malice have sacrificed the Reputation of their Friends and Acquaintance to a certain Levity of Temper, and a silly Ambition of distinguishing themselves by a Spirit of Raillery and Satyr: As if it were not infinitely more honourable to be a Good-natured Man than a Wit. Where there is this little petulant Humour in an Author, he is often very mischievous without designing to be so. For which Reason I always lay it down as a Rule, that an indiscreet called Marforio-perhaps because it had been brought from the Forum of Mars-with which the statue of Pasquin used to hold witty conversation; questions affixed to one receiving soon afterwards salted answers on the other. It was in answer to Marforio's question, Why he wore a dirty shirt? that Pasquin's statue gave the answer cited in the text, when, in 1585, Pope Sixtus V. had brought to Rome, and lodged there in great state, his sister Camilla, who had been a laundress and was married to a carpenter. The Pope's bait for catching the offender was promise of life and a thousand doubloons if he declared himself, death on the gallows if his name were disclosed by another. 3 The satirist Pietro d'Arezzo (Aretino), the most famous among twenty of the name, was in his youth banished from Arezzo for satire of the Indulgence trade of Leo XI. But he throve instead of suffering by his audacity of bitterness, and rose to honour as the Scourge of Princes, il Flagello de' Principi. Under Clement VII. he was at Rome in the Pope's service. Francis I. of France gave him a gold chain. Emperor Charles V. gave him a pension of 200 scudi. He died in 1557, aged 66, called by himself and his compatriots, though his wit often was beastly, Aretino 'the divine.' Man is more hurtful than an ill-natured one; for as the former will only attack his Enemies, and those he wishes ill to, the other injures indifferently both Friends and Foes. I cannot forbear, on this occasion, transcribing a Fable out of Sir Roger l'Estrange,' which accidentally lies before me. A company of Waggish Boys were watch'ing of Frogs at the side of a Pond, and still as any of 'em put up their Heads, they'd be pelt'ing them down again with Stones. Children (says one of the Frogs), you never consider that though this may be Play to you, 'tis Death 'to us.' 'The Aversion I for some Years have had to 'Clubs in general, gave me a perfect Relish for your Speculation on that Subject; but I have 'since been extremely mortified, by the malicious 'World's ranking me amongst the Supporters of 'such impertinent Assemblies. I beg Leave to state my Case fairly; and that done, I shall expect Redress from your judicious Pen. As this Week is in a manner set apart and dedicated to Serious Thoughts,2 I shall indulge my self in such Speculations as may not be altogetherMy chief Meal is a Supper, which I always make unsuitable to the Season; and in the mean time, as the settling in our selves a Charitable Frame of Mind is a Work very proper for the Time, I have in this Paper endeavoured to expose that particular Breach of Charity which has been generally over-looked by Divines, because they are but few who can be guilty of it. C. No. 24.] Wednesday, March 28, 1711. [Steele. Accurrit quidam notus mihi nomine tantum ; Arreptaque manu, Quid agis dulcissime rerum? Hor. THE HERE are in this Town a great Number of insignificant People, who are by no means fit for the better sort of Conversation, and yet have an impertinent Ambition of appearing with those to whom they are not welcome. If you walk in the Park, one of them will certainly joyn with you, though you are in Company with Ladies; if you drink a Bottle, they will find your Haunts. What makes [such Fellows 3] the more burdensome is, that they neither offend nor please so far as to be taken Notice of for either. It is, I presume, for this Reason that my Correspondents are willing by my Means to be rid of them. The two following Letters are writ by Persons who suffer by such Impertinence. A worthy old Batchelour, who sets in for his Dose of Claret every Night at such an Hour, is teized by a Swarm of them; who because they are sure of Room and good Fire, have taken it in their Heads to keep a sort of Club in his Company; tho' the sober Gentleman himself is an utter Enemy to such Meetings. I From the 'Fables of Æsop and other eminent 'Mythologists, with Morals and Reflections. By 'Sir Roger l'Estrange.' The vol. contains Fables of Æsop, Barlandus, Anianus, Abstemius, Poggio the Florentine, Miscellany from a Common School Book, and a Supplement of Fables out of several authors, in which last section is that of the Boys and Frogs, which Addison has copied out verbatim. Sir R. l'Estrange had died in 1704, aged 88. 2 Easter Day in 1711 fell on the 1st of April. 3 [these People] 'I am, Sir, a Batchelour of some standing, and a 'Traveller; my Business, to consult my own Humour, which I gratify without controuling other 'People's; I have a Room and a whole Bed to myself; and I have a Dog, a Fiddle, and a Gun; they please me, and injure no Creature alive. 'at a Tavern. I am constant to an Hour, and not ill-humour'd; for which Reasons, tho' I in'vite no Body, I have no sooner supp'd, than I 'have a Crowd about me of that sort of good Company that know not whither else to go. It 'is true every Man pays his Share, yet as they are 'Intruders, I have an undoubted Right to be the only Speaker, or at least the loudest; which I maintain, and that to the great Emolument of my Audience. I sometimes tell them their own in pretty free Language; and sometimes divert 'them with merry Tales, according as I am in 'Humour. I am one of those who live in Taverns 'to a great Age, by a sort of regular Intemper'ance; I never go to Bed drunk, but always flustered; I wear away very gently; am apt to 'be peevish, but never angry. Mr. SPECTATOR, if you have kept various Company, you know there is in every Tavern in Town some old Humourist or other, who is Master of the House as 'much as he that keeps it. The Drawers are all ' in Awe of him; and all the Customers who frequent his Company, yield him a sort of comical 'Obedience. I do not know but I may be such a 'Fellow as this my self. But I appeal to you, I whether this is to be called a Club, because so many Impertinents will break in upon me, and come without Appointment? Clinch of Barnet1 has a nightly Meeting, and shows to every one 'that will come in and pay; but then he is the only Actor. Why should People miscall things? 'If his is allowed to be a Consort, why may n't 'mine be a Lecture? However, Sir, I submit it to you, and am, 6 Sir, Your most obedient, &c. Good Sir, 'You and I were press'd against each other last 'Winter in a Crowd, in which uneasy Posture we 'suffer'd together for almost Half an Hour. I 'thank you for all your Civilities ever since, in I Clinch of Barnet, whose place of performance was at the corner of Bartholomew Lane, behind the Royal Exchange, imitated, according to his own advertisement, 'the Horses, the Huntsmen 'and a Pack of Hounds, a Sham Doctor, an old 'Woman, the Bells, the Flute, the Double Cur'tell (or bassoon) and the Organ, -all with his 'own Natural Voice, to the greatest perfection.' The price of admission was a shilling. 'being of my Acquaintance wherever you meet me. But the other Day you pulled off your Hat 'to me in the Park, when I was walking with my 'Mistress: She did not like your Air, and said 'she wonder'd what strange Fellows I was ac'quainted with. Dear Sir, consider it is as much as my Life is Worth, if she should think we were 'intimate; therefore I earnestly intreat you for 'the Future to take no Manner of Notice of, Sir, ADVERTISEMENT. 43 To prevent all Mistakes that may happen among Gentlemen of the other End of the Town, who come but once a Week to St. James's Coffeehouse, either by miscalling the Servants, or requiring such things from them as are not properly within their respective Provinces; this is to give Notice, that Kidney, Keeper of the BookDebts of the outlying Customers, and Observer of those who go off without paying, having resign'd that Employment, is succeeded by John Sowton; to whose Place of Enterer of Messages and first Coffee-Grinder, William Bird is promoted; and Samuel Burdock comes as ShooeCleaner in the Room of the said Bird. R. Your obliged humble Servant, Will. Fashion.' [A like 1] Impertinence is also very troublesome to the superior and more intelligent Part of the fair Sex. It is, it seems, a great Inconvenience, that those of the meanest Capacities will pretend to make Visits, tho' indeed they are qualify'd rather to add to the Furniture of the House (by filling an empty Chair) than to the Conversation they come into when they visit. A Friend of mine No. 25.] Thursday, March 29, 1711. [Addison. hopes for Redress in this Case, by the Publication of her Letter in my Paper; which she thinks those she would be rid of will take to themselves. It seems to be written with an Eye to one of those -Egrescitque medendo.-Vir. pert giddy unthinking Girls, who, upon the Re-THE following Letter will explain it self, and commendation only of an agreeable Person and a fashionable Air, take themselves to be upon a Level with Women of the greatest Merit. Madam, needs no Apology. SIR, excellent Piece. 'I am one of that sickly Tribe who are commonly known by the Name of Valetudinarians, 'I take this Way to acquaint you with what 'and do confess to you, that I first contracted this 'common Rules and Forms would never permitill Habit of Body, or rather of Mind, by the me to tell you otherwise; to wit, that you and I, 'Study of Physick. I no sooner began to peruse 'tho' Equals in Quality and Fortune, are by no 'Books of this Nature, but I found my Pulse was 'Means suitable Companions. You are, 'tis true, 'irregular, and scarce ever read the Account of very pretty, can dance, and make a very good any Disease that I did not fancy my self afflicted 'with. Figure in a publick Assembly; but alass, MaDr. Sydenham's learned Treatise of dam, you must go no further; Distance and Fevers' threw me into a lingring Hectick, which 'Silence are your best Recommendations; there-hung upon me all the while I was reading that 'fore let me beg of you never to make me any " more Visits. You come in a literal Sense to see one, for have nothing to say. I do not say you 'this that I would by any Means lose your Acquaintance; but I would keep it up with the Strictest Forms of good Breeding. Let us pay 'Visits, but never see one another: If you will be so good as to deny your self always to me, I 'shall return the Obligation by giving the same 'Orders to my Servants. When Accident makes us meet at a third Place, we may mutually lament the Misfortune of never finding one another at home, go in the same Party to a Benefit-Play, ' and smile at each other and put down Glasses as we pass in our Coaches. Thus we may enjoy as 'much of each others Friendship as we are capa'ble: For there are some People who are to be 'known only by Sight, with which sort of Friend'ship I hope you will always honour, Madam, Your most obedient humble Servant, Mary Tuesday. P.S. I subscribe my self by the Name of the Day I keep, that my supernumerary Friends may know who I am. I [This] I then applied my self to the Study of several Authors, who have written upon 'Phthisical Distempers, and by that means fell into a Consumption, 'till at length, growing very fat, was in a manner shamed out of that 'Imagination. Not long after this I found in my self all the Symptoms of the Gout, except Pain, but was cured of it by a Treatise upon the 'Gravel, written by a very Ingenious Author, 'who (as it is usual for Physicians to convert one 'Distemper into another) eased me of the Gout by giving me the Stone. I at length studied my 'self into a Complication of Distempers; but accidentally taking into my Hand that Ingenious 'Discourse written by Sanctorius,2 I was re I Dr. Thomas Sydenham died in 1689, aged 65. He was the friend of Boyle and Locke, and has sometimes been called the English Hippocrates; though brethren of an older school endeavoured, but in vain, to banish him as a heretic out of the College of Physicians. His Methodus Curandi Febres was first published in 1666. 2 Sanctorius, a Professor of Medicine at Padua, who died in 1636, aged 75, was the first to discover the insensible perspiration, and he discriminated the amount of loss by it in experiments upon himself by means of his Statical Chair. His observations were published at Venice in 1614, in |