Ecology and Biogeography of High Altitude InsectsSpringer Science & Business Media, 14 mrt 2013 - 527 pagina's In my book Introduction to High Altitude Entomology, published in 1962, I summa rized the results of eight years' studies, mainly on the Himalaya. I have since then had the opportunity of studying the collections of high altitude insects from the Alps, Carpathians, Caucasus, Urals, Alai-Pamirs, Tien Shan, Altai and other im portant mountains of the world in different museums and institutions in Europe. Through the courtesy and generosity of the Academy of Sciences of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, I was also able to personally collect insects and make valuable field observations on the Caucasus, the Alai-Pamirs, Ala-Tau and the Tien Shan mountains. Through comparative studies I have tried to synthesize the fundamental principles of high altitude entomology. I have described here the distinctive characters of the high altitude environment, the ecological specializations of the high altitude insects, their ecological inter relations and the outstanding peculiarities of their biogeography. I have also pre sented here an outline of the high altitude entomology of the principal mountains of the world, with brief accounts of their orogeny, geology and vegetation. This book differs from all other contributions in the field in its comparative ecological approach and in the fact that the main emphasis is throughout on the evolution of the high altitude ecosystem as an integral part of the orogeny. High mountains are, in all parts of the world, important and independent centres of origin and differ entiation of distinctive and highly specialized ecosystems and faunas. |
Inhoudsopgave
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The French Central Plateau the Jura Mountains Vosges the Sudeten | 26 |
Reduction and loss of wings | 54 |
ECOLOGICAL INTERRELATIONS AT HIGH ALTI | 361 |
The Japanese mountains | 362 |
Biogeographical affinities of the European and Angaran mountains | 363 |
THE MOUNTAINS OF THE NORTH TEMPERATE REGIONS OF THE NEW WORLD 1 The Appalachian Highlands | 365 |
Ecological characters of the White Mountains | 366 |
Altitudinal biotic zones on the North American mountains | 368 |
Characters of the high altitude insect life of the Appalachian Region | 371 |
The Western Highlands | 373 |
Cold stenothermy | 61 |
Snow communities | 90 |
SOME TYPICAL HIGH ALTITUDE INSECTS | 99 |
Hymenoptera | 114 |
Thysanura | 123 |
DISTRIBUTION OF HIGH ALTITUDE INSECTS | 130 |
THE MOUNTAINS OF EQUATORIAL EAST AFRICA | 143 |
OTHER TROPICAL MOUNTAINS | 176 |
THE HIMALAYA | 196 |
THE ALAIPAMIRS AND THE TIEN SHAN | 229 |
THE ALPS AND THE CARPATHIANS | 275 |
The Apennines | 296 |
THE BOREOALPINE INSECTS | 313 |
Hibernation and lifecycle | 325 |
OTHER MOUNTAINS OF THE NORTH TEMPERATE | 336 |
The Altai and other mountains of the AngarBeringea | 356 |
General ecological characters of the Altai | 357 |
The insect life of the Altai | 358 |
Ecological characters of the Cordilleran mountains | 375 |
Insect life of the Cordilleran mountains 8 Biogeographical characters of the North American mountains 344 344 346 348 349 354 355 356 357 358 ... | 376 |
Fennoscandian mountains 2 Ecological characters and altitudinal biotic zonation on Fennoscandian mountains | 381 |
The Timanskii Mountains | 389 |
Characters of the insect life of Fennoscandian mountains 5 Alaskan mountains | 390 |
Ecological characters of the Alaskan mountains 383 385 389 | 392 |
Characters of the insect life of the Alaskan mountains 392 | 393 |
THE MOUNTAINS OF THE SOUTHTEMPERATE AUSTRAL AND ANTARCTIC REGIONS 396 1 Ecological characters of the mountains of the s... | 396 |
The southern Andes | 400 |
Australian and New Zealand mountains | 402 |
Antarctic mountains | 403 |
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Overige edities - Alles bekijken
Veelvoorkomende woorden en zinsdelen
abundant Ala-tau Alai Valley Alai-Pamirs ALLUAUD alpine zone alpine-zone Altai Mountains altitudinal Apennines apterous Asia atmospheric temperature Bembidion boreal boreo-alpine species Carabidae Carpathians Caucasus Central climate Coleoptera Collembola Diptera East Alps ecological elements elevation of 3000 endemic Erebia FABR fauna Fennoscandia forest forest-line forest-zone forms genera glaciations glaciers high altitude insects high elevations high mountains high-alpine zone higher elevations Highlands HÜBN hypsobiont JEANNEL Kara-kul Kenya Kilimanjaro known Ladak lakes larvae LATR Lepidoptera LINN lowland massifs mean elevation mean sea-level Middle Asiatic montane mountain autochthonous mountain ranges Nebria north area northern Northwest Himalaya number of species occurs at elevations Orthoptera Otiorrhynchus Pamirs Pamirs Region peaks plateau Plecoptera Pleistocene Pyrenees REINIG rock Ruwenzori Range Sierra Nevada snow snow-cover snow-edge soil south slope southern species occur Staphylinidae steppes STGR stones subspecies Tenebrionidae terricole Tertiary Tibet Tien Shan timberline Trans-Alai Trechus tropical Turkestan typical vegetation Western Valleys widely distributed