the Lord Chancellor King, as much as any body. The author of the Discourse saw it concerned him to take notice of such an adversary, and in 1728 reprinted his work" with large additions-together with a "Preface, occasioned by a book entitled, The Legal "Judicature in Chancery stated." And with this reply, I believe, the dispute closed.

Many years afterwards (the secret being now of no consequence) Mr. Warburton chanced to mention, in conversation, to Mr. Charles Yorke, the part he had taken in this squabble: when Mr. Yorke smiled, and said he fancied he was not aware who had been his antagonist; and then named his father, the Lord Chancellor Hardwicke, who, though Attorney General at the time, had undertaken to plead the cause of his relation, Sir Joseph Jekyll, then Master of the Rolls. But I have dwelt, perhaps, too long on this little anecdote.

Upon Mr. Warburton's taking Priest's Orders, Sir Robert Sutton procured for him the small vicarage of Griesley, in Nottinghamshire; and in 1728 presented him to the Rectory of Brand-Broughton, in the diocese of Lincoln. He was, also, the same year, and, I suppose, by the same interest, put upon the King's list of Master of Arts, created on his Majesty's visit to the university of Cambridge.

Brand-Broughton was a preferment of some value, and, from its situation in the neighbourhood of Newark, pleased him very much. Here then he fixed himself, with his family, and spent the best part of his life, that is, from 1728 to 1746.

They who are unacquainted with the enthusiasm which true genius inspires, will hardly conceive the possibility of that intense application, with which Mr. Warburton

Warburton pursued his studies in that retirement. Impatient of any interruptions, he spent the whole of his time that could be spared from the duties of his. parish, in reading and writing. His constitution was strong, and his temperance' extreme. So that he needed no exercise but that of walking; and a change of reading, or study, was his only amusement.

His mother and sisters, who lived with him, and were apprehensive of the hurt he might do himself. by this continued industry, would invite themselves to drink coffee with him in his study after dinner, and contrive to lengthen their stay with him as much as they could. But when they had retired, they saw no more of him that evening; and his sister, Mrs. FRANCES WARBURTON, toid me, that he usually sate up a great part of the night. What is most extraordinary, the vigour of his parts was such, that his incessant labour neither wearied his spirits, nor affected his health.

In this way it was, that he acquired that habit of deep thinking, with that extensive erudition, which afterwards astonished the reader in his works; and made himself acquainted with the whole range of polite and elegant learning, in the way of diversion, and in the interval of his graver studies.

I express myself with exact propriety. For it was

his manner at this time (and the habit continued with him through life) to intermix his literary pursuits in such sort as to make the lighter relieve the more serious; and these again, in their turn, temper and correct the other. He was passionately fond of the more sublime poets, and (what is very uncommon) had almost an equal relish for works of wit and humour. One or other of these books he had always

lying by him, and would take up when he found himself fatigued with study; and, after spending some time in this sort of reading, was so much refreshed by it, that he returned with new life to the work he was upon; and so made these amusements, which are apt to get the mastery of common minds and to exhaust their whole force, only subservient to his more important meditations.

And this humour (to observe it by the way) of associating the so different powers of reason and fancy in the course of his studies, passed into his style, and indeed formed one distinctive character of it. For in all his writings, on whatever subject, you see him, occasionally, ennoble his expression by picturesque imagery, or enliven it by strokes of wit: And this (though the practice be against rule) with so much ease, and with so little affectation, that none but a very captious, or very dull, reader can take offence at it.

With that passion for letters, which, as I observed, transported Mr. Warburton at this time, the sobriety of his judgement is to be admired. The little taste he had had of fame in the early publications, before alluded to, did not corrupt his mind, or seduce him into a premature ambition of appearing as an author in form, till he had fully qualified himself, by the long course of reading and meditation, now mentioned, to sustain that character. It was not till the year 1736 that he published the first of those works, on which his great reputation is raised. This was, THE ALLIANCE BETWIXT CHURCH AND STATE*: the occasion, and end, and substance of which work cannot be expressed in fewer or clearer terms, than his own. Vol. VII. of this Edition.

After

After a short historical view of religious parties in England, from the Reformation downwards; of the discordant notions entertained of Religious establishments; and of the heats and animosities which those notions had produced: he proceeds thus - -

"In this ferment, and in this embroiled condition, "the Author of the Alliance between Church and "State found the sentiments of men concerning religious Liberty and Establishments, when he pro

posed his Theory to their Consideration: a Theory, "calculated to vindicate our present happy Constitu"tion ON A PRINCIPLE OF RIGHT, by adjusting "the precise bounds of either Society; by shewing "how they come to act in conjunction; and by explaining the nature of their union: and from thence, by natural and necessary consequence, inducing, on the one hand, an ESTABLISHED RELIGION, "with all its rights and privileges, secured by a TEST "LAW; and on the other, a full and free TOLERATION, to all who dissented from the national "worship.

"He first shewed the use of Religion to Society, "from the experience and practice of all ages: He "inquired from whence the use arose, and found it

to be from certain original defects in the very "essence and plan of Civil Society. He went on to "the nature of Religion; and shewed how, and for "what causes, it constituted a Society: And then, "from the natures of the two Societies, he collected, "that the object of the Civil, is only the Body and "its interests; and the object of the Religious, only "the Soul. Hence he concluded, that both Societies "are Sovereign, and Independent; because they arise "not out of one another; and because, as they are

"concerned

"concerned in contrary provinces, they can never meet to clash; the sameness of original, or the

sameness of administration, being the only causes "which can bring one, of two distinct Societies, into "natural subjection to the other.

"To apply Religion therefore to the service of "Civil Society, in the best manner it is capable of being applied, he shewed it was necessary that "the two Societies should UNITE: For, each being "sovereign and independent, there was no other way "of applying the service of Religion in any solid or "effectual manner. But no such union could arise "but from free compact and convention. And free "convention is never likely to happen, unless each "Society has its mutual motives, and mutual advantages. The Author, therefore, from what he had "laid down of the natures of the two Societies, explained what these motives and advantages were. Whence, it appeared that all the rights, privileges, " and prerogatives of the two Societies, thus united, "with the Civil Magistrate at their head, were in"deed those very rights, privileges, and prerogatives, "which we find established and enjoyed under our present happy Constitution in Church and State: "The result of this was, that an ESTABLISHED "CHURCH and a free TOLERATION are made perfectly to agree by the medium of a TEST LAW, "This Law, therefore, the Author in the last place "proceeded to vindicate, on the same general principles of the law of Nature and Nations.

66

"This is a true, though short analysis of the "Alliance between Church and State*."

See Vol. XII. "View of Lord Bolingbroke's Philosophy," Letter IV.

This