Ford Hall, Chapel-en-le-Frith. GRIDDLE (4th S. iii. 505.)-MR. HARRISON has fallen into a mistake not uncommon amongst your correspondents, that of supposing a word or practice to be peculiar to the district of country in which only they have heard or seen it, which is of much more general prevalence. The griddle, often but corruptly pronounced girdle, is well known over all Scotland, being of daily use in every house where either oat-cakes, or "souple scones the wale o'food," form part of the diet. It is a round flat plate of malleable iron, placed over the fire, and upon which scones or oat-cakes are fried, and the effecting of which without being over or under done is a great nicety. The making of griddles, so as to stand well the fire, was one of the mysteries of olden times: there being a particular corporation, "The Griddlemakers of Culross"- -an ancient and now de cayed royal Scots burgh-who by this craft had their wealth. There was some superstition under the influence of which ladies anxious to have off spring went to Culross "to sleep upon a griddle." I remember to have seen these lines in a book called, I think, "The Scotch Hudibras": "Samuel was sent to France, Can any of your correspondents give an account GRANTHAM CUSTOM (4th S. iii. 553.)—Since the publication of my query, I have been informed by an "old inhabitant" that in the year 1824 a gentleman named Rogers, the son of the mayor for that year, was christened "Edward Montague," taking the names of his sponsors, Sir Edward Cust and Sir Montague Cholmeley, who then represented this borough in Parliament. I believe that a similar case occurred more re cently, showing the continuance of the custom, if not its origin. CHR. COOKE. HEYRE (4th S. iv. 9.)-In discussing the meaning of the " v yerdes of heyre for the bakhowse at Stoke for the kelle," MR. EDWARD J. WOOD throws light upon a sentence in one of the account books of my parish which had puzzled me sadly. In the twenty-fourth volume of the Journal 1519. It' for hyering of the heres for the p'fety's uppon palme sondaye, xijd. 1521. It'm for the hyer of ye heyr for the profytts, xijd. 1522. It'm for hyre of heyrs for ye profytts uppon palme Sondaye, xijd. 1534. It'm p'd for the setting up of the stages for the prophetts on Pallme Sonday ande for nayllys, iiijd." I confess that I felt some difficulty about the "heres," "heyr," and "heyrs," hired for the prophets; and I ventured to guess that this word, thus variously spelt, might probably mean hair, and might refer to the hiring of some wigs or other costume for the prophets. I was encouraged in this view by observing, in Brand's Popular Antiquities, the following entry from the churchwardens' accounts for the parish of St. Mary-atHill, in the City of London: "1531. Paid for the hire of the rayment for the Prophets, 124." MR. EDWARD J. WOOD's note makes it, I think, highly probable that the raiment hired for the One can readily imagine that in the pageant of prophets consisted of some garments of hair cloth. hired for the occasion, may have been clothed the day some lay-figure, or even a living person with such a garment to represent St. John Baptist, with his "raiment of camel's hair"; or possibly to personify Elijah the Tishbite, or some other prophet with his "rough garment," as the English text has it in Zechariah xiii. 6, the margin giving "a garment of hair.” W. SPARROW SIMPSON. "THE OAKS" (4th S. iv. 20.)—Knowing that the desire of "N. & Q." is to be in all things correct, I venture to correct MR. WILKINS' statement that "The Oaks" is at Banstead. It is in the small adjacent parish of Woodmansterne, which seldom gets the credit of including it in its bounds. I have seen in the papers lately, "The Oaks, Epsom,' ," "The Oaks, Carshalton," and now MR. WILKINS assigns it to Banstead. C. E. GORDON CRAWFORD. Woodmansterne Rectory. WORDSWORTH'S "LUCY" (4th S. iii. 580.)-This clever parody was written by Hartley Coleridge, whose character the great poet prophetically divined when he was but six years old: "O blessed vision! happy child! Thou art so exquisitely wild, I think of thee with many fears For what may be thy lot in future years." I have heard Hartley Coleridge himself recite it, and have an impression that G. E. does not quote it with perfect accuracy. MAKROCHEIR. WILLIAM COMBE (4th S. iv. 14.)—I think with MR. MAYER that Combe could hardly have been quite a scoundrel. Crabb Robinson describes bim (i. 292-4) as the person who at The Times office, when Walter was absent-“ decided in the dernier ressort." He came from the King's Bench to Printing-house Square on a day rule, and refused to allow Walter to pay his debts, because he considered the claim against him inequitable. Had he been quite such a villain as some writers wish to prove, the honourable and prudent proprietor of The Times would scarcely have confided in him. MAKROCHEIR. CULVER-KEYS (4th S. iii. 480, 563.)-A writer in the Journal of Horticulture (No. 432, p. 23,) objects that the oxlip or cowslip could not have been the culver-keys, because the latter is called 66 azure" "in the following quotation : 66 Among the daisies and the violets blue, John Davors. The following is from Halliwell, Archaic Dict. (i. 286): "Culver-keys. The bunches of pods which contain the seeds of the ash; also explained the columbine." = Culver culfre, A.-S. for columba, " a dove." The flower called columbine (Aquilegia vulgaris), which has blue petals, is thus described: "The five-spurred petals with incurved heads have been compared to five doves-the sepals representing the wings, and to this the English name columbine refers." The word keys may refer to the calcarate processes called spurs, for Mr. Halliwell says the principal claw in a hawk's foot is called a key; thus, culver-key means dove-spur-just as the Delphinium, which belongs to the same order, is called larkspur. A. HALL. Brunswick Terrace, Brixton Hill, S. these Williams was evidently swordbearer, it might well have been one of the same family. I am very desirous of identifying the swordbearer with it, and therefore trouble you with this somewhat irrelevant note, which is perhaps more fairly to be taken as a query. GEORGE W. MARSHALL. Weacombe, Bicknoller, Taunton. MISAPPREHENSIONS (4th S. iii. 522, 610.)Allow me to point out another seeming misapprehension on the part of Sir Walter Scott. The passage will be found in the octavo edition of his Life by Lockhart, pp. 599: "Sir Walter observed that it seemed to be a piece of Protestantism to drop the saintly titles of the Catholic Church they call St. Patricks, Patricks; and St. Stephen's Green has been Orangised into Stephens. He said you might trace the Puritans in the plain Powles (for St. Paul's) of the Old English comedians." In a most interesting article, however, by Allingham, which appeared in Fraser's Magazine for June, 1869 (p. 788), quite a different view of the omission of the prefix of the saint's name is taken by the writer: "In Ireland it was not, and is not, customary to use the title of Saint. With a simple reverence the people called the holy men and women among them merely by their names, often affectionately prefixing mo,' my, or 'do,' thy. Patrick's Day, Stephen's Green, &c. (Kevin's Port), are still the usual names. "In early times the Irish did not call their children a saint's name without the prefix Gilla, a servant—as Gilpatrick, Gilbride, Gilhoaly," &c. In Dublin, at least, the Roman Catholics as often name their places of worship without as with the saint's prefix-as Michael and John's; they are situated inbut more frequently by the name of the street as Francis Street, Westland Row, Townsend Street, Marlborough Street chapels, &c. So that the omission of the saints' prefix can hardly be esteemed, as Sir Walter Scott considered, a relic of Puritanism. H. H. MARGUERITE OF AUSTRIA (4th S. iv. 30.)-For another portrait of this princess see Old London, p. 294 of Mr. Scharf's paper on "Royal Picture Galleries." B. B. WOODWARD. CITY OF LONDON SWORDBEARER (4th S. iv. 33.) It is stated in "N. & Q." that Humphrey Leigh was succeeded in the above office by William Hall on Feb. 26, 1632. In the second codicil to the will of Sir Martin Lumley, "Citizen and IMPORTANT BIBLICAL DISCOVERY (4th S. iv. 7.) Alderman of London," and at one time Lord MR. BARHAM, in his version of the 87th psalm, Mayor, dated June 30, 1634, a legacy of twenty has forgotten that Hebrew is a language subject, nobles is bequeathed to "Mr. Hall, the Sword-like other languages, to fixed laws, and that a bearer." Sir Martin Lumley was connected with a family of Hall by the marriage of his only daughter Sarah with John Hall, a French merchant, citizen and draper of London. This John was probably a nephew of one William Hall described in the will of his brother Daniel Hall, 1623, as "minister"; and Daniel had a son named William, who died young. The name was, therefore, evidently in the family. Though neither of Hebrew sentence is not a mere accumulation of letters with which any conjuring tricks may be played. He could not otherwise have proposed, with apparent seriousness, an emendation so egregiously absurd. He has taken the initial letter of one word and an abbreviated form of another, and made the two into a compound which has no existence in Hebrew, but which he asserts, without giving any authority, is the most specific name the Jews employed to designate the Messiah. "In this compound word the A stands for Adonai, the Lord, and Ishu for Jesus the Saviour. All this is proved in Schindler's Hebrew dictionary." Will MR. BARHAM give the reference to Schindler? I have known the book a long time, and shall be much astonished to find any such statement there. On the other hand, I will refer him to Buxtorf's Lexicon Talmudicum, col. 991, for information on the subject. The medal to which MR. BARHAM appeals for confirmation of his view is clearly a modern fabrication of the sixteenth century, and the Hebrew inscription is such as no one who knew the language would have written. I wish to protest strongly against such emendations as calculated to bring discredit upon Hebrew criticism. No one would have ventured to propose a conjecture of the kind in Latin or Greek. WILLIAM ALDIS WRIGHT. Trin. Coll. Cambridge. FELIX AUSTRIA (4th S. iii. 284.)-The ingenious and highly-gifted MR. CHARLES THIRIOLD (to whom all readers of your excellent periodical are much indebted for his remarks on Austria, and most of all, perhaps, for his note some years ago on the Anglo-Saxon termination -ster) would be pleased, I doubt not, to know that the wording, if not quite the thought, of the epigram of which he has only given the first line, is borrowed from Ovid's Heroides. I give the epigram in full: "Bella gerant alii, tu, felix Austria, nube; Nam quæ Mars aliis dat tibi regna Venus." The passages in the Heroides are "Bella gerant alii; Protesilaus amet" (xiii. 84), and "Apta magis Veneri quam sunt tua corpora Marti; Bella gerant fortes, tu, Pari, semper ama." (xvii. 253, 254.) ERATO HILLS. Trin. Coll. Cambridge. "A SLIFT OF BEEF" (4th S. iv. 33.)-In Halliwell's Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, the first meaning of slift is "the fleshy part of the leg of beef; part of the round"; and it is said to be used in the Eastern Counties. It is probably identical with the bed, which in the same counties is used for " a fleshy piece of beef cut from the upper part of the leg and bottom of the belly." Looking at the etymology of the word I cannot doubt that it is connected with the old English •sliffe, i. q. sleeve, from a fancied resemblance between the fleshy upper part of the leg with the sleeve, fuller as it is at the upper end. JAMES DAVIES. Moor Court, Kington, Herefordshire. If MR. CUTHBERT BEDE receives no more decisive reply to his query on the above subject, he COCKNEY RHYME (4th S. iv. 29.)-MR. JACKSON "the cockniest of cockney rhymes." Of Ralph is certainly mistaken as to Ralph and laugh being he says, "in the South of England the pronunciation is as it is spelt,"-not a very clear definition. But in fact the name is commonly sounded in London and the south of England like Rafe, rhyming to safe. This, MR. JACKSON says, is the way they pronounce in Yorkshire. Here, again, I think he is mistaken. A few years ago I was talking at Whitby with an old gentleman, a thorough-bred Yorkshireman, who had kept his Yorkshire tongue through long years of residence in London, and I spoke of a relative of mine he had known there, and whom I called, after the London fashion, Rafe. At first my old friend did not recognise the name, but then exclaimed," Aye, aye, we called him Ralf." He pronounced the a as in Sally, and sounded the l. MR. JACKSON says that Scott "must have pronounced laugh as it is given by the lowest and most vulgar cockney's larf. I see no must in the If he did not call Ralph Rarf, why should he have called laugh larf? Two modes of calling the name occur in Hudibras; one with just the sound Scott gives it :— case. "A squire he had whose name was Ralph, Who in th' adventure went his half; And when we can with metre safe, We'll call him so; if not, plain Raph." Butler was no cockney, that bête noire of MR. JACKSON. J. DIXON. MR. JACKSON jumps to a conclusion from rather arbitrary premises. He says Scott (Rokeby) adopts the pronunciation Rarf (Ralph), and hence the cockneyism larf, for laugh, which ends the couplet. MR. JACKSON tells us that "the proper name Ralph is pronounced three different ways. In the South of England the pronunciation is as it is spelt. In Yorkshire we pronounce the name as if it were written Raif, and in the North we say Rarf." I do not know what part of the North is referred to, but in the South, East, and West of Scotland I have heard it sometimes pronounced Raif, but generally Raff. I had a schoolfellow named Ralph who always got Raff. The silent before a consonant is not uncommon, as stalk, walk, talk. Some other proof must be produced, ere Scott can be justly charged with writing cockney rhymes. Pollokshields, Glasgow. R. JASMIN, THE BARBER POET (4th S. iv. 31.)— Some years ago appeared in the French periodical, L'Artiste, a lithograph by G. Frey after Seb. Cornu, with two lines in fac-simile of the poet's handwriting and signature: "t'éy bisto rire quand rizioy, t'ey biste ploura quand plourâbi ! P. A. L. If your correspondent will favour me with his address, I shall have great pleasure in lending him a copy of Las Papillotos, containing the portrait of the author. The publishers are Messrs. Firmin Didot & Co., Paris. G. A. SCHRUMPF. Whitby. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. Mary Queen of Scots and her Accusers; embracing a Narrative of Events from the Death of James V. in 1542 until the Death of the Regent Murray in 1570. By John Hosack, Barrister-at-Law. (Blackwood.) This volume commends itself to all who take an interest in the vexed and painful history of Mary Queen of Scots, on account of two important but hitherto unpublished documents which it is the editor's good fortune to bring under the notice of historical students. These are, first, the Articles preferred against her at the Conference at Westminster in 1568, which having been preserved among the interesting collection of contemporary papers known as the Hopetoun Manuscripts, are now temporarily deposited with the Lord Clerk Register; and secondly, the Journals of the Proceedings at Westminster on the day upon which the silver casket containing the alleged letters of Queen Mary to Bothwell was produced. Mr. Hosack, who is a zealous advocate of the unhappy Queen, uses these and other documents with great ingenuity in her vindication, but, to our minds, with very indifferent success: and the perusal of his book has served to convince us of the strong common sense of Sir Walter Scott, who, in answer to the inquiry of a literary friend as to what he thought of the case of Mary, replied, "If it had not been for her marriage to Bothwell, I could have made a good case for her." Mr. Hosack may console himself, if need be, for his failure, by the conviction that Scott could have done no better for his illustrious and most unhappy client. Book of Worthies gathered from the Old Histories, and now written anew. By the Author of "The Heir of Redclyffe." (Macmillan.) A great change has come over the world since "The worthies nine that were of might, By travaile won immortal praise." And the thirteen worthies, Joshua, David, Hector, Aristides, Nehemiah, Xenophon, Epaminondas, Alexander, Marcus Curius Dentatus, Cleomenes, Scipio Africanus, Judas Maccabeus, and Julius Cæsar, whom the authoress of The Heir of Redclyffe has selected as types of excellence, exhibit characteristics more in accordance with our present notions of worth and goodness than those which prevailed when Holofernes presented the nine Worthies before the Princess of France. The authoress has, by this little book, conferred another favour on her many readers and admirers. BOOKS RECEIVED: The Folk-Speech of Cumberland and some Districts adjacent; being short Stories and Rhymes in the Dialects of the West Border Counties. By Alexander Craig Gibson, F.S.A. (Russell Smith.) A little volume of tales and poems written for the most part, as the author insists, in " pure Cumbrian," and as interesting to the philologist for the language, as to the ordinary reader for its subject matter. The Bookworm: an Illustrated Literary and Bibliographical Review. February to June, 1869. We have to call the attention of our bibliographical readers to five more numbers of this their special journal. in which curious literary information and admirable facsimiles of old woodcuts, &c., contend for the mastery. ASIIPITEL LIBRARY: SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES.The valuable Collection of Books bequeathed by the late Mr. Ashpitel to the Society of which he was for so many years a distinguished Fellow, has been removed to Somerset House, and forms an important addition to the excellent library of the Society. Under Mr. Ashpitel's bequest, the Society receives upwards of two thousand volumes, the greater portion being more or less connected with some branch of archæological study: the remainder being strikingly illustrative of the varied reading of the accomplished scholar, whose memory will be long preserved in the Society by THE ASHPITEL COLLECTIONS. BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. Particulars of Price, &c., of the following Books, to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, whose names and addresses are given for that purpose: THE HONOURABLE PRENTICE; or, the Life and Death of Sir John Hawkwood. London, 1615. NICHOLS AND DUCAREL, HISTORY OF THE ABBEY OF BEC NEAR ROUEN. 1779. NICHOLS' ROYAL WILLS. 1780. NICHOLS' HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF CANONBURY, with some Account of the Parish of Islington. WARD'S HISTORY OF CLUBS. 1726. REV. G. OLIVER'S ANTIQUITIES OF FREEMASONRY. ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND, by W. R. Wanted by Mr. John Piggot, Jun. F.S.A., The Elms, Ulting Maldon. FROUDE'S NEMESIS OF FAITH. Either new or second-hand. Wanted by A. W. II., Post Office, Folkstone. DUNCUMB'S HISTORY OF HEREFORDSHIRE. 2 Vols. Notices to Correspondents. UNIVERSAL CATALOGUE OF BOOKS ON ART. All Additions and Corrections should be addressed to the Editor, South Kensington Muscum, London, W. COCKADES IN SERVANTS' HATS. We have replied several times recently upon this subject. Let A. B. C. refer to our Notices to Corre spondents in "N. & Q." of June 12 last. TO CALL A SPADE A SPADE. Let our Querist on this subject refer to our 1st S. iv. 274, 456; 2nd S. ii. 26, 120; iii. 474; x. 58. THORGAN. The subject has been as fully discussed as its nature admits. ERRATUM. 4th S. iv. p. 29, col. i. line 4 from top, for "authors" read "author." A Reading Case for holding the weekly numbers of "N. & Q." is now ready, and may be had of all Booksellers and Newsmen, price 18. 6d.; or, free by post, direct from the Publisher, for 1s. 8d. "NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on FRIDAY, and is also issued in MONTHLY PARTS. The Subscription for STAMPED COPIES for Six Months forwarded direct from the Publisher (including the Halfyearly INDEX) is 11s. 4d., which may be paid by Post Onice Order, payable at the Strand Post Office, in favour of WILLIAM G. SMITH, 43, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, W.C., where also all COMUNICATIONS FOR THE EDITOR should be addressed. "NOTES AND QUERIES" is registered for transmission abroad. QUERIES WITH ANSWERS: - - Passage in Fitzstephen: "The The Oak and the Ash-Grinling Gibbons-"When my Eyestrings break in Death" Sir William Wallace's Statue- Bumble-bee, &c., 104. Notes on Books, &c. Nates. THOMAS ROWLANDSON, ARTIST. Thomas Rowlandson, though born July 1756, in the Old Jewry, is said to have studied drawing in Paris. Those who know the accuracy with which French students, about the time of the accession of Louis XVI., were taught to express the human figure, can scarcely suppose that Rowlandson could have really had more education in drawing than his compeers Grose, Bunbury, and Gillray. It is, however, still more extraordinary that he is also described as having been both before and subsequently a student of the Royal Academy of Arts in London. Perhaps the clever, but cynic, Gillray cared as much for Rowlandson as for anybody in the world besides his landlady and publisher, Mrs. Humphreys, of St James's Street, and her servant. For many years, if Gillray was spending his evening at the Bell, the Coal-hole, or the Coach-andHorses, Rowlandson, knowing where to find him, would sometimes meet him; and after a chat upon the ebb or flow of employment, and a laugh at the world in general, they would enter into the common talk of the room that served these worthies as a club, smoke their cigars, drink their punch, and shake hands at the door before de * * "Cigars and punch," teste W. H. Pyne, else I should have written 66 pipes and grog," though both expected wine from their employers, as was the etiquete of that period. parting to their domiciles. Rowlandson lived in apartments in the Adelphi, where he died, after a severe illness of two years, April 22, 1827, aged seventy, as stated in the memoir given in the Gentleman's Magazine for June, p. 564. If at any time collectors should be surprised at finding that five or six of his productions are almost exactly similar in outline, and scarcely different in colour, they may rest assured that all are by him, and were considered by him to be equally originals. The process of production was simple. Rowlandson would call in the Strand, ask for paper, vermilion, a brush, water, a saucer, and a reed; then, making of the reed such a pen as he liked, he drew the outline of a subject (generally taking care to reverse the arms of his figures), and hand the paper to Mr. Ackermann to be treated as if it were a copper-plate. This was taken to the press, where some well-damped paper was laid upon the sketch, and the two were subjected to a pressure that turned them out as a right and left outline. The operation would be performed with other pieces of damp paper in succession, until the original would not part with vermilion enough to indicate an outline; then that original became useless, and Rowlandson proceeded to reline the replicas, and to tint them according to the fancy of the moment. Such works as these, or as the figures which Rowlandson added to Pugin's drawings for the Microcosm of London, and other similar publications, were merely "pot-boilers❞—a term well understood in 1805-and were not the usual results of his abilities. His grotesques, for they can hardly be termed caricatures, were rather of the same class as the three Tours of Dr. Syntax, 78 pl.; History and Adventures of Johnny Newcome, 14 pl.; English Dance of Death, 74 pl.; Naples and the Campagna Felice, 17 pl.; Dance of Life, 26 pl.; Vicar of Wakefield, 24 pl.; Sentimental Travels in the South of France, 18 pl.; History and Life of Johnny Quæ Genus, 24 pl.; Tom Raw the Griffin, 24 pl.; and the Illustrations of the Miseries of Human Life, 50 pl., with the 67 subjects worked into The Humourist, 1831, by W. H. Harrison. But far more serious were The Loyal Volunteers of London, published about 1795, in 87 pl., and the design for the transparency which was exhibited on Nov. 5 and 6, 1813, at 101, Strand, and which is now perhaps only to be found, with a political squib in rhyme, in the Repository of Arts, 1814, 1st ser. xi. 53. The Catalogue of the library in the British Museum gives to Rowlandson the illustrations in the following other works: C. Anstey, The Comforts of Bath: twenty caricatures in illustration of Boswell's Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides, 1786, fol.; S. Butler, Hudibras, 1810; G. Gambado (pseud.), An Academy for grown Horsemen, 1809; Goldsmith, Vicar of Wakefield, 1823; Mun |