NOTE III.-SOLDIERS AND SAILORS IN THE SPANISH NAVY.

"With the Spaniards all was different. Their sea-discipline was cast in a military form and hide-bound with limitations that, excellent as they were on land, were fetters afloat.

6

"A Spanish ship was organized like a fortress, and its company was divided into three distinct bodiessoldiers, mariners, and gunners-with the soldier element supreme. The soldiers,' says Sir Rd. Hawkins, 'ward and watch, and the officers in every ship make the round as if they were ashore. This is the only task they undergo except cleaning their arms, in which they are not over curious.' In like manner the gunners were especially exempted 'from all labour and care except about the artillery.' The mariners,' he goes on, are but as slaves to the rest, to moil and to toil night and day, and those but few and bad and not suffered to sleep or harbour themselves under the decks. For in fair or foul weather, in storms, sun, or rain, they must pass void of covert or succour,' or, in other words, they were exactly in a soldier's eyes on the level of galley-slaves. Of the officers, he says, 'there is ordinarily in every ship of war a Captain; whose charge is that of masters with us; and also a Captain of the soldiers, who commandeth the Captain of the ship, the soldiers, gunners, and mariners in her. They have their "Maestros de campo," sergeant, and master-general or Captain of the Artillery with their Alfere major and all other officers as in a camp.' 'If they come to fight with another "armado " (ship of war) they order themselves as in a battle by land; in a vanguard, rearward, main-battle and wings, etc. In every particular ship the soldiers are all set upon the decks; their forecastle they account their head-front or vanguard of their company; that abaft the mast the rearward; and in the waist the main-battle wherein they place their principal force and on which they principally rely; which they call the " plaza de armas," or place of arms, which taken their hope is lost. Their gunners fight not but with their great artillery; the mariners attend only to the tackling of the ship and handling of the sails, and are unarmed and subject to all misfortunes; not permitted to shelter themselves, but to be still aloft, whether it be necessary or needless. So ordinarily those which first fail are the mariners or sailors of which they have greater need. They use few close-fights or fire-works; and all this proceedeth, as I judge, by error of placing land-captains for governors and commanders at sea; where they seldom understand what is to be done or commanded.'"-From "Drake and the Tudor Navy," by Sir Julian Corbett.

"A health to brave Sea-Soldiers all,

Let cans a-piece go round-a;

Pell-mell let's to the battle fall

And lofty music sound-a."-Fr. "Wit and Drollery," 1682. HERE was a great review of troops on Putney Heath, on October 1st, 1684, when three troops of Guards, a regiment of Horse Guards, a regiment of Dragoons, and five Infantry battalions were reviewed by the King and Queen, and "The Colestream, my Lord Dumbarton's, and the Admiral's Battalions successively exercised, all three by beat of drum, the military postures of pike, sword, and musket; every man dextrously discharging their duties with an exact and general readiness, to the great delight and satisfaction of their Majesties and Royal Highnesses, vouchsafing all the time of exercise to grace

their arms with the honour of their presence.'

The "Admiral's' Regiment" here referred to must have presented a brilliant not to say gorgeous appearance, as we learn that it was dressed in yellow coats, red breeches and stockings, and wore hats bound with gold-coloured braid.

1 Nathan Brooks' "General and Compleat List Military," 1684.

2 The Duke of York and Albany, Lord High Admiral of England. Vide also Note I.

"The regiment of the Duke of York is called the Regiment of Marines,' and in case of war is the first to embark on board the fleet, over which the Lord High Admiral presides. This is considered the first office in the Kingdom, and is therefore held by the Duke of York."-From "Travels of Count Cosmo of Tuscany."

IS FOR DUKES, REGIMENT, 1664-168J 2D REGIMENTS OF MARINES, 1690-169AEGIMENTS OF MARINES, 1698-1701.

to brave Sen Soldiers all, 13- go round-a; Pellets to the battle fall

And lofty music sound-a "-- Fr. "Wit and Drollery," 1? HERE was a great review of troops on Putne on October 1st, 1684, when three troops of regiment of Horse Guards, a regiment of Drags five Infantry battalions were reviewed by the I Queen and "The Colestream, my Lord Dun and the Amiral's Battalions successively exer three at of drum, the military postures eword. :sket; every man dextrously dise their d with an exact and general readiness greate Highnes

their arms with the honour of

ul satisfaction of their Majesties an vouchsafing all the time of exercise presence."

e referred to must have presented a r we learn that it was dressed in yellow hats bound with gold-coloured br