I am grieved (?) with yours representing that a Corporal and Thirty Marines embarked on board the Albion without coats and Laced Hats. On my taking the Command of this Division' I found Colonel Bell had appointed a Compy. of Marines to act as light infantry in consequence of which their Coats were cut shorter than the rest of the Companies the Lace was taken off the Hatts to make Bands, Loops and Tassels which I apprehend may be put on their Hatts again as these people appear'd to me to be a fine Body of Young Men. I intended them as a Compliment to you, they have had every thing that Government allows. Most of those Men you complain of have not been cloath'd since I have been at the Division, if the Admiralty are pleased to discontinue this mode of light Infantry dress I shall be equally satisfied.

It would appear from this letter that either the Light Infantry Companies were so recently instituted as to be unknown to some Naval Officers, or that they were not usually embarked. They-and the Grenadier Companieswere of course selected men, and quite possibly were under somewhat different regulations to the "Battalion Companies." As an instance, at about this period Officers were forbidden to employ men from the Flank Companies

as servants.

In 1789 we find from the Plymouth Order Book that "The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty do not recognise a Light Company. Officers may wear the appointments, if they have the ordinary ones when required." But for all that we find Light Infantry Officers at Plymouth (27th May, 1798) ordered to wear on their shoulders " a Bugle Horn and no Wings," and in the year following (26th March), when Round Hats came into wear we find the Light Infantry Companies directed to have them “bound with Black Tape, White Band and Loopings, and Green Worsted Tuft "to distinguish them from the Battalion Companies whose hats had Black Loopings and Red and White Tufts The Grenadiers wore the same as the Light Infantry, but had White Tufts. But the Flank Companies did not last much longer as they were definitely abolished by an Admiralty Order of 1st November, 1804.

NOTE V.-HOWE'S DISPOSITIONS FOR THE ATTACK ON BUNKER'S HILL.

General Burgoyne declares that Howe's plan of attack on the American Redoubt on Bunker's Hill was "perfect." This seems questionable. As he had entire command of the Charles and Mystic Rivers on either side of the Peninsula, and a considerable number of men of war and armed transports at his disposal, he might well have landed his troops under the cover of their guns in rear of the whole system of the American Entrenchments which would not only have lost most of their defensive value, but would probably have become untenable. The retreat of the rebels being threatened at the same time, they would probably have evacuated their redoubt before the British came to close quarters. As it was, General Howe was probably induced to land where he did because the hill at the extreme end of the Peninsula covered his landing from fire, and gave him a well defined position to form upon, but on the other hand by attacking from the Eastward he compelled his troops to attack the enemy's lines at the very points where they were strongest, and to pass over ground which was in many parts exposed to a heavy flanking fire.

NOTE VI.-ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE OF BUNKER'S HILL, in "LIONEL LINCOLN." By Fenimore

Cooper.

"Lionel had taken post in his Regiment (47th), but marching on the skirt of the column, he commanded a view of most of the scene of battle. In his front moved a battalion, reduced to a handful of men in the previous assaults. Behind these came a party of the Marine Guards, from the shipping, led by their own veteran Major. . . ."

1 In the early part of 1772.

"The terrible stream of fire flashed in the faces of the men in front. 'Push on with the -th,' cried the veteran Major of Marines, 'Push on, or the 18th will get the honour of the day!' 'We cannot,' murmured the soldiers of the-th, 'their fire is too heavy.' 'Then break, and let the Marines pass through you.'

The feeble battalion melted away, and the warriors of the deep, trained to conflicts of hand to hand, sprang forward, with a loud shout, in their places. The Americans, exhausted of their ammunition, now sunk sullenly back, a few hurling stones at their foes in desperate indignation. The cannon of the British had been brought to enfilade their short breastwork, which was no longer tenable, and as the columns approached closer to the rampart, it became a mutual protection to the adverse parties. 'Hurrah, for the Royal Irish,' again shouted McFuse, rushing up the trifling ascent, which was but of little more than his own height. 'Hurrah,' repeated Pitcairn, waving his sword on another angle of the work, the day's our own.'

One more sheet of fire issued out of the bosom of the work, and all those brave men, who had emulated the example of their officers, were swept away, as though a whirlwind had passed along. The grenadier (McFuse) gave his war-cry once more, before he pitched headlong among his enemies, while Pitcairn fell back into the arms of his own child."

Lt. Clarke in his "Narrative," says the only regiments "in the field of battle on 17th June, 1775, were the 5th, 38th, 43rd, 47th, 52nd, 1st Marines and 13 Coys. Grenadiers, and 13 Coys. Lt. Infantry."

In a paper by the late John Bellows, the Gloucester Quaker, published a few years back in the "Proceedings of the Cotteswold Naturalists' Field Club,” he states that the Regiment referred to as "the—th ” was the 88th (Connaught Rangers), and that the incident led to a common form of greeting by a Marine when meeting a man of that regiment: "Lie down 88th, and let the Marines pass to the front." A fight generally followed, and the frequent use of the phrase led to such a feud when the 88th were quartered at Portsmouth that they had to be removed.

As far as Bunker's Hill is concerned, this is a libel on the gallant 88th, as the regiment was not formed till 1793, nearly 20 years after the engagement. Possibly, it may have been the 38th whose line of advance crossed that of the Marines and 47th about half way to the Rebel Redoubt.

NOTE VII.-MAJOR PITCAIRN.

This gallant officer was the son of the Rev. David Pitcairn, of Dysart, in Fife, and brother to the celebrated Dr. Pitcairn, of one of the oldest families in Fife, having possessed the estate of Pitcairn for many centuries, a charter of 1417 being in the possession of the family. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Peter Dalrymple, Esqre., of Annefield, Co. Dumfries. His eldest son, Daniel, M.D., F.R.S., became a celebrated physician, and died 17th April, 1809, when Physician Extraordinary to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. One son died young, one became a Councillor, two were in the Marines, and one in the Line, of whom Captain William Pitcairn of the Marines died 11th Nov., 1779, while Colonel Pitcairn of the 38th Regiment died 28th Oct., 1797. Major Pitcairn also left four daughters. It is interesting to note that his name is preserved in that of Pitcairn Island in the Pacific. "Having been discovered by a son of Major Pitcairn we called it 'Pitcairn's Island.' This young gentleman was afterwards lost in the Aurora, on passage to the East Indies, and his father Major Pitcairn, Major of the Marines, fell in the action of Bunker's Hill, and died in the arms of another of his sons." This quotation is taken from an account of Captain Carteret's Voyage Round the World in 1766-1769, in a collection of Voyages published in 1785. The island was discovered on the evening of 2nd July, 1767

In "The Stranger in America," by C. W. Janson (published 1807), the author gives an account of a visit to Bunker's Hill, in 1793. Conducted by an old gentleman, "who perfectly remembered the event,” and “indeed was a spectator of some part of the transactions of the desperate and unfortunate engagement which there took place," he saw the remains of the redoubt, and the spot where Pitcairn fell. “By a man whom we met on the road,” he continues, we were informed that when the British forces rallied and again ascended the hill, led on by Major Pitcairn, they had advanced near to the redoubt, when the Major called to his soldiers to hasten their speed, as the enemy had abandoned the fort. A boy, who, he observed, was then a shoemaker in Boston, replied from behind the trench, "We are not all gone," and instantly fired his musket, which proved the death of Major Pitcairn. No officer fell more regretted, for he was beloved-even by his enemy. Previous to the War he had been Military Commandant at Boston, and in that situation had endeared himself to the people."

The writer also visited the vaults below Boston Church in which had been placed the bodies of many who had fallen in the battle. He says that he saw many skeletons, "said to have been those who held command under the Major. On one of these hung the remains of regimentals, and a pair of leather breeches in high preservation. The pipe-clay with which the leather had evidently been cleansed, probably for the fatal occasion, appeared fresh and white." The bodies had not been placed in coffins, but were piled one upon another.

There is a well-known picture of the Battle of Bunker's Hill by Colonel John Trumbell, afterwards President of the American Academy, which depicts the death of Major Pitcairn. The figure in the immediate foreground is that of Major Small, of the Regiment who, it appears, was a personal friend of Putnam, who commanded the Americans. When he saw the picture being painted by Trumbell, he said to that artist, “I don't like the situation in which you have placed my old friend Putnam; you have not done him justice; I wish you to alter that part of your painting, and introduce a circumstance which actually happened, and which I can never forget. When the British troops advanced for the second time," he exclained, "the Americans were ordered by Putnam not to fire until they could see the white of their adversaries' eyes; and they to aim low at their waistbands." The effect of this discharge was so terrible, that the gallant Major Small was left standing alone, everyone being shot down around him; the unerring muskets were then directed at him, and his fate appeared inevitable. “I glanced my eye towards the enemy," said the Major, "and saw several young men levelling their pieces at me. I knew their excellence as marksmen, and considered myself gone. At this moment, my old friend Putnam rushed forward, and striking up their muzzles with his sword, cried out, 'For God's sake, my lads, don't fire at that man; I love him as my brother.' We were so near to each other, that I heard his words distinctly; he was obeyed, I bowed, thanked him, and walked away unmolested.”

NOTE VIII.-LOYALIST VOLUNTEERS IN BOSTON.

Garrison Orders, 29th October, 1775 :—

"Some North British Merchants residing in town with their adherents having offer'd their services for the defence of the place. The C. in C. has order'd them to be arm'd and directed their being form'd into a Company to be called the "Royal North British Volunteers." They will be distinguished by a blue Bonnet with a St. Andrew's Cross upon it, Mr. James Anderson to be Captain, 1st Lieut., Willm. Blair, 2nd Lt., David Blair, 3rd Lt., John Fleming.

The Guard Room and Alarm Post to be near Fennel (Fanueil) Hall. The Company will mount a Guard at Gunfiring and Patrole the Streets within a certain district and will take into custody all suspicious or disorderly persons found in the streets at improper hours.”

Garrison Orders, 17 Nov., 1775:

“Many of His Majesty's Loyall American Subjects residing in Boston with their adherents, having offer'd their services in the Defence of the Place, the C. in C. has order'd them to be arm'd and direct'd them to be form'd into three Companies under the command of the Honble Timothy Ruggles to be call'd the “Loyall American Associa tion," they will be distinguished by a sash round their left arm, the Honble. Timothy Ruggles Commanding the 1st Comp.; Obadiah Helliah, Capt.; Thos. Beeman, George Leonard, 1st Lieuts.; Thos. Stanford, Saml. Pain, Jass Putnam, Jun., 2nd Lts. 2nd Company: Jas. Pitman, Capt.; Jno. Sargent, Danl. Oliver, 1st Lts.; J. Dumer Rogers, Jno. Ruggles, Stepn. Jones, 2nd Lts. 3rd Compy.. Francis Green, Capt.; Ebenezer Spencer, Josiah Jones, 1st Lts.; Abraham Savage, Wm. Chandler, Nathnl. Coffin, 2nd Lts. Brigr. Ruggles will appoint Guard Rooms and Alarm Posts for these Cos. and give them the necessary orders."

Garrison Orders, 7th Dec., 1775:

"Some Irish Merchants residing in Town with their adherents having offered their services for the defence of the place, the C. in C. has order'd them to be arm'd and directs their being form'd into a Company, and to be call'd the "Loyal Irish Voltrs." They will be distinguished by a White Cockade, Mr. Jas. Forrest, Capt.; Willm. Greville Hore, John Brandon, 1st Lts.; John Ramage, John Storm, Ralph Cunningham, 2nd Lts. Their Guard Room and Alarm Post to be near the Mill Bridge. The Co. will mount a Guard every evening and patrole the streets and will take into custody all suspicious persons found in the streets at improper hours,"

11 the Officers a... 1.. Drw

one ofn er, wi -

»!» Marine Corps fought nobly for King and Country aga

*on us that peculiar British trait which from time to time readers pt to look at thing - £, one the point of view of our enemies, asked to resign his commiss,ct. » gamst them. Theremistance is thus related in the "Annual Register" for 1776 :--

is,19., a member of on Parliament, and Captain of Marines, has just now sent to Lord George lay benote hata - ty, requesting leave to lay down his commission, as he cannot, he says,

ཨ『 ཝཱpསོ "the present dispute against the Americans.

19, raised a hundred and thirty men (as the purchase of his Company) on his and all the remainder of the war in actual service with the highest credit to himself.”

THE MARINES, 1770-1780.

(Vide Coloured Plate facing 168).

9218 foxen from a portrait of Lieutenant John Hugh Griffiths, who joined the Cury » bard H.M.S. Prudent, January 27th, 1782, in the action off St. Kitts. Fro presumed that this portrait was taken about 1778, especially as w*t. "hat laid down ir Divisional Orders. The boots are from contemporary pictures **le paraxd, and are frequently referred to in Divisional Orders. The Private, 1779, is frus