mean time, whose eyes could not but be opened by the assurances which crowded in from all sides of the true nature of the struggle, were assembled in council. The result of their deliberations was, a determination to go to St. Cloud, and tender their resignations to the king. The marquis de Semonville repaired thither at the same time, that his majesty might, at least, be informed how matters truly stood.

arms.

The prospect that a few hours might thus terminate the dispute, joined to the defection of the regiments of the line, induced Marmont to propose a suspension of Although it put a stop to the firing on some points towards the Palais Royal, it seems to have been very imperfectly known or understood on either side. We have mentioned that Marmont, on the two regiments of the line in the Place Vendome joining the people, had ordered up a battalion of Swiss from the Louvre, to occupy their place. The officer commanding at the Louvre, determined to send to the marshal precisely that one of his two battalions which defeuded the whole position, namely, that which occupied the colonnade and galleries of the Louvre, all the interior communications of which had been opened for that purpose. With the other battalion he remained quietly in the interior court below.

When the Parisians observed that the firing from the colonnade

he accepted the command, he knew that the purpose of entrusting him with it was, to enforce obedience to the ordihe found they were resisted, would have been treacherous as well as absurd.

nances. To have laid it down because

and windows of the Louvre had ceased, whether it was, that the proposition for the suspension of arms had not reached them, or whether they thought the opportunity of breaking the truce too advantageous to be lost, they approached the edifice, and finding no opposition, got into the gar den called de l'Infante, which is in front of the Louvre; finding still no opposition, they got in at the lower windows and glass doors, and took possession of the whole interior of the edifice. They first occupied the windows which looked into the inner court, and fired on the battalion below. Others ran along the great picture gallery, filling every window, and firing on the troops in the Place du Carousel. The Swiss, having attempted in vain to recal the Parisians to the armistice, left the Louvre, and left it with precipitation and in disorder. When they arrived at the Carousel, they found there their third battalion in presence of the Parisians, who were posted all around; both sides, however, observing the suspension of arms. The retreating battalion was hotly pursued by the fire of the Parisians; and, at this moment, those, who occupied the windows of the picture gallery, opened their fire on the Swiss, and, above all, on the two squadrons of Lancers, which were cooped up in the railed inclosure of the Tuilleries. This example instigated the Parisians on the other side to break the armistice, and they also recommenced firing on the whole body of troops in the Carousel. The Swiss made a' rush at the triumphal arch, squeezed through irregularly, and precipitated themselves on the lancers, who were drawn up in front of the

only outlet from this railed space. The passage being thus blocked up, the Swiss were compelled to rally a little, but, at last, they got through, though in the greatest disorder. A couple of platoons, properly commanded, would have sufficed to stop this movement, and to check the Parisians, who, on this point, were neither numerous nor in order. The Swiss lost only three or four men killed and wounded. As the head-quarters were at the triumphal arch, Marmont himself was surprised, and obliged to retire precipitately, withdrawing all the troops from their positions, and directing them upon St. Cloud, for the protection of the royal person, leaving Paris in the undisputed possession of the insurgents. He

had not even time to call in, or give notice of the intended retreat, to the small parties stationed more in advance towards the Palais Royal, and some of the neighbouring streets. The greater number of them, however, on learning what had happened, succeeded in making their way out of Paris. A handful of soldiers of the guards, who occupied two houses at the corner of the streets St. Honoré, de Rohan, and l'Echelle, defended themselves long after Paris had been evacuated: they at last surrendered, and some of them were massacred-a fate from which their gallantry, if nothing else, should have saved them. In the barrack of la Rue de Babylone, was a dépôt of from fifty to sixty Swiss recruits, under the command of the major of the regiment. He would listen to no proposition of surrender. The populace, whose numbers were very great, could make no impression on the barrack, till they

had set fire to the gate. Upon this the garrison sallied out, and notwithstanding some loss, effected its retreat, and kept the assailants who pursued them in check. Thus, by three o'clock in the afternoon of Thursday the 29th, Paris was left entirely at the command of the armed and triumphant populace. The cause of the government, in so far as Paris was concerned, was decided.

The numbers of the people who fell, or were wounded, during the three days' contest, was enormously exaggerated by all the public prints, as was every other occurrence of this eventful period, for the purpose of increasing public odium against the monarch and the ministers, whose despotic attempts had caused the shedding of so much blood. They were variously estimated at from 6,000 to 8,000, but the highest reasonable computation could not make them amount to one half of the smallest of these numbers. According to the published statements of a professional gentleman, connected with the Hôtel Dieu, the principal hospital of Paris, the number of wounded brought to the different hospitals, and temporary establishments, including nearly 500 who were attended at their own houses by the surgeons of the different hospitals, amounted to about 2,000, of whom 306 had died. To these eventual deaths among the wounded, were to be added those who were killed on the spot, and, in many instances, buried where they fell. These were made to amount to 390; but this latter number was extremely uncertain, as no means had been taken to ascertain with precision the number of bodies at the time

of their hurried and indiscriminate interment, But be the loss what it might, it was lamentable that so much blood should have been shed on account of the proceedings of a government, ignorant and perverse, which was unable to make out to Europe,

a justifiable, or even an intelligible reason of deadly quarrel with its subjects. The number of killed and wounded of the troops of the guard, gendarmerie, &c., did not amount to 375 of all ranks, and the killed were but one fifth of the whole number.

In the mean time, the king had at last come to his senses at St. Cloud. The visit of M. de Semonville, and the admissions of the ministers themselves, induced him to sign an ordinance repealing the decrees, and naming a new and liberal ministry. When this ordinance was despatched to Paris, the final triumph of the people was not known at St. Cloud; but before it arrived, the die had been cast, and the reins of government were in the hands of the commission appointed by the Deputies. The provisional rulers neither returned any answer to the communication, nor announced it to the public. They adjourned the consideration of it, holding, in truth, that any repeal of ordinances already so emphatically recalled de facto, proceeding from Charles X., whom they never again intended to recognize as king, was an utter superfluity. They accordingly proceeded themselves to name interim ministers to the different departments. The ministry of the Interior was given to M. Casimir Perrier; that of Foreign affairs to M. Bignon; that of War to general Gerard; and that of Marine to admiral de Rigny; M. Dupont (de L'Eure) was placed at the head of the department of Justice, and baron Louis at the head of the Finances; and M. Guizot was appointed minister of Public Instruction.

The arrangement of the executive government was the next and most important subject of deliberation. It would not have been unnatural, after the events of the last days, in which the people had played the only part, and in the excited state of the capital, to have found a strong party demanding a republic, Among the deputies, however, the wish was scarcely distinctly expressed. They differed

already as to the extent to which popular rights should be carried under a monarchy, but they decided from the beginning that the monarchy should be retained. They determined, however, that not merely Charles X, but the whole family of the Bourbons, should be excluded, and that the duke of Orleans should be called to the throne, passing over the Dauphin, and the young duke of Bordeaux, son of the late duke de Berri, who, after the dauphin, stood next to the crown, as the succession had been settled by the constitutional charter. They wisely resolved to make, before disposing of the crown, such alterations in that charter as they thought necessary to meet their views of policy; but the first step they took declared their opinion that the throne was vacant, and pointed out the intended successor. On the 30th of July they requested the duke of Orleans to place himself, in the mean time, at the head of the government, under the title of lieutenant-general of the kingdom. The duke came to Paris the same evening, and next morning announced to the public his acceptance of the proffered honour in the following proclamation:-"Inhabitants of Paris,-the deputies of France at this moment assembled at Paris have expressed to me the desire that I should repair to this capital to exercise the functions of lieutenant-general of the kingdom. I have not hesitated to come and share your dangers, to place myself in the midst of your heroic population, and to exert all my efforts to preserve you from the calamities of civil war and of anarchy. On returning to the city of Paris I wore with pride those glorious colours which you have resumed, and which I myself long wore.