do iniquity; and shall cast them into a furnace of fire; there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth.

Verse 50. And shall cast them into the furnace of fire; there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth.

SECTION II.

Remarks on the Furnace of Fire.

It is commonly thought that by the phrase furnace of fire is signified a place somewhere in the eternal world, in which a large share of the human family will be tortured without end.

The word furnace is, in several instances, used in the Jewish scriptures, to signify literal afflictions and trials of the people. Furnace of affliction is also used for the same purpose. But wherever those few instances occur, they stand immediately connected with the temporal concerns of men; they have no allusion, in any case, beyond the affairs of time. And this is made so plain by a careful perusal of the passages themselves, that none can well mistake their meaning. Isaiah makes use of the expression once, in chapter 48: 10, 'Behold, I have refined thee, but not with silver; I have chosen thee in the furnace of affliction." This language was addressed to the Jews in Babylon. He did not say that he had chosen them as the inmates of a furnace of affliction in eternity; but says, "I have refined thee," "I have chosen thee," &c. It was already done; they were then in the furnace, by which was signified their bondage under the Chaldeans. Any place of affliction was represented by the prophets under the figures of "fire," "furnace,” “furnace of fire,” “furnace of affliction," &c: Egypt was called an iron furnace to the Jews, while they were there in affliction. But he had brought them forth "out of the furnace;" see Deut. 4: 20, also 1 Kings 8: 51. Let it also be remembered that it was his people who were in the furnace, and not a race abandoned to a furnace of the devil in eternity. "For they be thy people, and thine inheritance which thou broughtest forth out of Egypt, from the midst of the furnace of iron." The imperfect tense of the verb here shows that they had been in, and also brought out of, the furnace. But Matt. 13: 41,

informs us, that "the Son of Man shall send forth his angels (messengers), and they shall gather out of his kingdom all things that offend, and them which do iniquity; and shall cast them into a furnace of fire; there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth." Here, some future time is expressed, in which they were to be cast into a furnace of fire. The question is, first, what time is alluded to; and, second, what or where was this furnace? 1. To learn the time when they were to be cast into this furnace, we must observe, that this expression was made by Christ to his disciples, in explanation of the parable of the tares of the field. See verses 36-43. He firstly informs them that the Son of Man soweth the good seed, which are the children of the kingdom. Secondly, "that the field is the world (kosmos); but the tares are the children of the wicked one; the enemy that sowed them is the devil; the harvest is the end of the world (aionos, age); and the reapers are the angels" (angeloi, messengers). The world which was to have an end here is not kosmos, the field, but aionos, which shows that it was the end of the Jewish age, or dispensation, when the tares were to be separated and cast into the furnace of fire. Pearce says, verse 40, "End of this world: rather end of this age, viz., that of the Jewish dispensation." Verse 41, "Shall send forth his angels: this is spoken, not of what shall happen at the end of the world, but what was to happen at the end of the Jewish state." Hammond and Cappe give in substance the same comment on the passages.

The above shows that the time was the end or destruction of the Jewish age; and that the place or furnace was in Jerusalem. To make this still plainer, see Isa. 31: 9, "Whose fire is in Zion and his furnace in Jerusalem." This is plain, positive, and deci⚫sive language. "His furnace is in Jerusalem." It is nowhere

said, that God has a furnace in eternity, or that he will ever prepare one there; but this furnace, which was future to the time of the expression, actually received those who were to be melted therein, about forty-one years after the ascension of our Saviour. See Ezek. 22: 18-22. There it is declared that the house of Israel, the Jews, had become dross, and that the Lord would gather them into the midst of Jerusalem, as they gather tin, brass, silver, &c., into the midst of the furnace to melt it. So would he, the Lord, gather into the furnace, Jerusalem, the Jews; leave

them there, melt them, &c. What can be more plain and definite? This was all literally fulfilled in Jerusalem 1800 years since, in strict accordance with the prediction of our Saviour, in Matt. 13: 41, 43. What more is necessary to make the subject perfectly plain to every one?

CHAPTER XIII,

ON THE LAKE OF FIRE, LAKE OF FIRE AND BRIMSTONE, AND SECOND DEATH.

SECTION I.

Those passages wherein the phrases LAKE OF FIRE, LAKE OF FIRE AND BRIMSTONE, and SECOND DEATH, occur.

Rev. 20: 14, 15. And death and hell (hades) were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death. And whosoever was not found written in the book of life was cast into the lake of fire.

Rev. 19: 20. And the beast was taken, and with him the false prophet that wrought miracles before him, with which he deceived them that had received the mark of the beast, and them that worshipped his image. These both were cast alive into the lake of fire, burning with brimstone.

Rev. 20 10. And the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are, and shall be tormented day and night forever and ever.

Rev. 21: 8. But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone; which is the second death.

SECOND DEATH. - Rev. 2: 11. He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; He that overcometh shall not be hurt of the second death.

Rev. 20: 6. Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection; on such the second death hath no power; but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years.

Verse 14. And death and hell (hades) were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death.

Rev. 21: 8. But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone, which is the second death.

SECTION II.

Brief Remarks on the foregoing Section.

The word fire, and the phrases everlasting and eternal fire, and the furnace of fire, are all explained in their proper places. In this subject we have the lake of fire and brimstone. Brimstone is well known to be a very ignitible substance, and, when in contact with fire, to produce a most destructive and deadly effusion. The figure was evidently used to signify the deleterious and pungent consequence of aggravated crime. The expression, lake of fire and brimstone, occurs nowhere in the Bible excepting in the book of Revelation. Fire and brimstone are used as figures in different parts of the Bible, and always represent afflictions and trials in this life. In Job 18: 15, it is said (in speaking of the wicked), "Brimstone shall be scattered upon his habitation." In Ps. 11: 6, it is said, "Upon the wicked he shall rain snares, fire and brimstone, and an horrible tempest: this shall be the portion of their cup." Now, no one will suppose that David had an allusion to eternity when he said, "the Lord should rain snares, fire, brimstone, and an horrible tempest upon the wicked!" His expression was figurative, and to be accomplished in this world. In Isa. 34: 9, 10, in speaking of the land of Idumea, it is said, " And the streams thereof shall be turned into pitch, and the dust thereof into brimstone, and the land thereof shall become burning pitch. It shall not be quenched night nor day; the smoke thereof shall go up forever from generation to generation it shall lie waste; none shall pass through it forever and ever." Ezekiel, in speaking of the wicked and disobedient, declares that the Lord will send upon them an overflowing rain, and great hail-stones, fire and brimstone. In Rev. 19: 20, it is said of the beast and false prophet, that "these both were cast alive into the lake of fire, burning with brimstone.” No one can suppose that people can be cast alive into a lake of fire and brimstone, in the spirit-world. And, in 20: 10, it is said, "The devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are, and shall be tormented day and night forever and ever." Here we have the same lake, and those who are therein shall be tormented day and night, forever and ever. If there be day and night in eternity, then must there also be a sun to rise and set, to divide the time and