(demons), and I do cures to-day and to-morrow, and the third day I shall be perfected.

Luke 8: 2. And certain women (were with Christ) which had been healed of evil spirits and infirmities, Mary called Magdalene, out of whom went seven devils (demons).

Mark 16: 9. Now when Jesus was risen early the first day of the week, he appeared first to Mary Magdalene, out of whom he had cast seven devils demons).

Matt. 10: 7, 8. And as ye go, preach, saying, The kingdom of heaven is at hand. Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out devils (demons): freely ye have received, freely give.

Mark 3: 14, 15. And he (Christ) ordained twelve, that they should be with him, and that he might send them forth to preach, and to have power to heal sickness, and to cast out devils (demons).

Mark 16: 17. And these signs shall follow them that believe in my name shall they cast out devils (demons): they shall speak with new tongues..

Luke 9: 1. Then he called his twelve disciples together, and gave them power and authority over all devils (demons), and to cure diseases.

Luke 10: 17. And the seventy returned again with joy, saying, Lord, even the devils (demons) are subject to us through thy name.

Mark 9: 38. Master, we saw one casting out devils (demons) in thy

name.

Luke 9: 49, 50. And John answered and said, Master, we saw one casting out devils (demons) in thy name, and we forbade him, because he followeth not with us. And Jesus said unto him, Forbid him not for he that is not against us is for us.

Matt. 7: 22. Many will say to me in that day, Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied in thy name? and in thy name have cast out devils (demons)? and in thy name done many wonderful works?

Matt. 9: 32-34. As they went out, behold, they brought to him (Jesus) a dumb man possessed with a devil (demon). And when the devil (demon) was cast out, the dumb spake; and the multitudes marvelled, saying, It was never so seen in Israel. But the Pharisees said, He casteth out devils (demons) through the prince of the devils (demons).

Luke 11: 14-26. And he was casting out a devil (demon), and it was dumb. And it came to pass, when the devil (demon) was gone out, the dumb spake; and the people wondered. But some of them said, He casteth out devils (demons) through Beelzebub the chief of the devils (demons). And others, tempting him, sought of him a sign from heaven. But he, knowing their thoughts, said unto them, Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; and a house divided against itself falleth. If Satan also be divided against himself, how shall his kingdom stand? because ye say that I cast out devils (demons) through Beelzebub. And if I by Beelzebub cast out devils (demons), by whom do your sons cast them out? therefore shall they be your judges. But if I with the finger of God cast out devils (demons), no doubt the kingdom of God is come upon you. When a strong man armed keepeth his palace, his goods are in peace; but when a stronger than he shall come upon him, and overcome him, he taketh from him all his armor wherein he trusted, and divideth his spoils. He that is not with me is against me; and he that gathereth not with me scattereth. When the unclean spirit is gone out of a man, he walketh through dry places, seeking rest; and finding none, he saith, I will return unto my house whence I came out. And when he cometh, he findeth it swept and garnished. Then goeth he and taketh to him seven other spirits more wicked than himself; and they enter in, and dwell there; and the

last state of that man is worse than the first. Compare from verse 24 to 26, with Matt. 12: 43-45.

Matt. 12: 22-28. Then was brought unto him one possessed with a devil (demon) blind and dumb and he healed him, insomuch that the blind and dumb both spake and saw. And all the people were amazed, and said, Is not this the son of David? But when the Pharisees heard it, they said, This fellow doth not cast out devils, but by Beelzebub, the prince of the devils (demons). And Jesus knew their thoughts, and said unto them, Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; and every city or house divided against itself shall not stand: And if Satan cast out Satan, he is divided against himself; how shall then his kingdom stand? And if I by Beelzebub cast out devils (demons), by whom do your children cast them out? therefore they shall be your judges. But if I cast out devils (demons) by the spirit of God, then the kingdom of God is come unto you.

Matt. 17: 14-18. And when they were come to the multitude, there came to him a certain man, kneeling down to him, and saying, Lord, have mercy on my son; for he is a lunatic, and sore vexed: for oft times he falleth into the fire, and oft into the water. And I brought him to thy disciples, and they could not cure him. Then Jesus answered and said, O faithless and perverse generation, how long shall I be with you? how long shall I suffer you? bring him hither to me. And Jesus rebuked the devil (demon); and he departed out of him and the child was cured from that very hour. The same account is given in Mark 9: 14-30, and Luke 9: 37-43.

Luke 4: 33--36. And in the synagogue there was a man which had a spirit of an unclean devil (demon); and he cried out with a loud voice, saying, Let us alone; what have we to do with thee, thou Jesus of Nazareth? art thou come to destroy us? I know thee who thou art; the Holy One of God. And Jesus rebuked him, saying, Hold thy peace, and come out of him. And when the devil (demon) had thrown him in the midst, he came out of him, and hurt him not. And they were all amazed, and spake among themselves, saying, What a word is this! for with authority and power he commandeth the unclean spirits, and they come out. The same account is given in Mark 1: 23-29.

Mark 3: 20-26. And the multitude cometh together again, so that they could not so much as eat bread. And when his (Christ's) friends heard of it, they went out to lay hold on him: for they said, He is beside himself. And the Scribes which came down from Jerusalem said, He hath Beelzebub, and by the prince of the devils (demons) casteth he out devils (demons) And he called them unto him, and said unto them in parables, How can Satan cast out Satan? And if a kingdom be divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand. And if a house be divided against itself, that house cannot stand. And if Satan rise up against himself, and be divided, he cannot stand, but hath an end.

Matt. 15: 21-28. Then Jesus went thence, and departed into the coasts of Tyre and Sidon. And, behold, a woman of Canaan came out of the same coasts, and cried unto him, saying, Have mercy on me, O Lord, thou son of David; my daughter is grievously vexed with a devil (demon). But he answered her not a word. And his disciples came and besought him, saying, Send her away; for she crieth after us. But he answered and said, I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel. Then came she and worshipped him, saying, Lord, help me. But he answered and said, It is not meet to take the children's bread, and to cast it to dogs. And she said, Truth, Lord; yet the dogs eat of the crumbs which fall from the master's table. Then Jesus answered and said unto her, O woman

great is thy faith: be it unto thee even as thou wilt. And her daughter was made whole from that very hour. The same account is contained in Mark 7 24-31.

Luke 8: 26-38. And they arrived at the country of the Gadarenes, which is over against Galilee. And when he went forth to land, there met him out of the city a certain man, which had devils (demons) long time, and ware no clothes, neither abode in any house, but in the tombs. When he saw Jesus, he cried out, and fell down before him, and with a loud voice, said, What have I to do with thee, Jesus, thou Son of God most high? I beseech thee, torment me not (For he had commanded the unclean spirit to come out of the man. For oftentimes it had caught him: and he was kept bound with chains, and in fetters; and he brake the bands, and was driven of the devil (demon) into the wilderness.) And Jesus asked him, saying, What is thy name? and he said, Legion: because many devils (demons) were entered into him. And they besought him that he would not command them to go out into the deep. And there was there a herd of many swine feeding on the mountain; and they besought him that he would suffer them to enter into them. And he suffered them. Then went the devils (demons) out of the man, and entered into the swine and the herd ran violently down a steep place into the lake, and were choked. When they that fed them saw what was done, they fled, and went and told it in the city and in the country. Then they went out to see what was done; and came to Jesus, and found the man, out of whom the devils (demons) were departed, sitting at the feet of Jesus, clothed, and in his right mind and they were afraid. They also which saw it told them by what means he that was possessed of the devils (demons) was healed. Then the whole multitude of the country of the Gadarenes round about besought him to depart from them; for they were taken with great fear. And he went up into the ship, and returned back again. Now the man, out of whom the devils (demons) were departed, besought him that he might be with him. The same account is contained in Matt. 8: 28-34, and Mark 5:1-21.

Mark 1 23-27. And there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit; and he cried out, saying, Let us alone; what have we to. do with thee, thou Jesus of Nazareth? art thou come to destroy us? I know thee who thou art, the Holy One of God. And Jesus rebuked him, saying, Hold thy peace, and come out of him. And when the unclean spirit had torn him, and cried with a loud voice, he came out of him. And they were all amazed, insomuch that they questioned among themselves, saying, What thing is this? what new doctrine is this? for with authority commandeth he even the unclean spirits, and they do obey him.

Mark 3: 11. And unclean spirits, when they saw him, fell down before him, and cried, saying, Thou art the Son of God.

Luke 7: 21. And in that same hour he cured many of their infirmities and plagues, and of evil spirits; and unto many that were blind he gave sight.

Acts 5: 16. There came also a multitude out of the cities round about Jerusalem, bringing sick folks, and them which were vexed with unclean spirits and they were healed every one.

Acts 8: 6, 7. And the people (of Samaria) with one accord gave heed unto those things which Philip spake, hearing and seeing the miracles which he did. For unclean spirits, crying with loud voice, came out of many that were possessed with them and many taken with palsies, and that were lame, were healed.

Acts 16: 16-18. And it came to pass, as we went to prayer, a certain damsel possessed with a spirit of divination met us, which brought her

masters much gain by soothsaying: the same followed Paul and us, and cried, saying, These men are the servants of the most high God, which show unto us the way of salvation. And this did she many days. But Paul, being grieved, turned, and said to the spirit, I command thee, in the name of Jesus Christ, to come out of her. And he came out the same hour. Acts 19 13-16. Then certain of the vagabond Jews, exorcists, took upon them to call over them which had evil spirits, the name of the Lord Jesus, saying, We adjure you by Jesus, whom Paul preacheth. And there were seven sons of one Sceva, a Jew, and chief of the priests, which did so. And the evil spirit answered and said, Jesus I know, and Paul I know; but who are ye? And the man in whom the evil spirit was, leaped on them, and overcame them, and prevailed against them, so that they fled out of that house naked and wounded.

James 2: 19. Thou believest that there is one God; thou doest well: the devils (demons) also believe, and tremble.

SECTION III.

Remarks and observations on DEMONS; and facts stated, showing that the demons mentioned in the Bible were not fallen angels.

If the reader will carefully examine every passage in the New Testament wherein allusion is made to demons, he will see that "demons," ," "unclean spirits,"" the spirits," "evil spirits," ""unclean spirit," and "spirit of divination," all mean precisely the same thing. The common theory respecting these demons is the following: It is supposed that they were once holy and happy angels of God in heaven. But, in consequence of their having been drawn off from their allegiance to God, and joining the devil in his rebellion against the Most High, they, together with their great chief, or leader, were expelled from heaven, and cast out into the earth; since which time they have been constantly at work contriving how they may torment the human race. To this theory we object as

follows:

1. We have shown that the Bible gives no account of any such rebellion in heaven, nor of any such fall of angels; and that it does not teach the real, personal existence of any such being as the devil. If any man believes, therefore, that these demons were fallen angels, he must believe it without the authority of the Bible.

2. A marked distinction is kept up between the devil and demons, throughout the Bible. The Jews are accused of sacrificing unto demons, Deut. 32: 17; Ps. 106: 37; Isa. 65: 11.

But

they are never accused of sacrificing unto Satan, or Diabolos. Satan and Diabolos are spoken of as one; and these words are never used in the plural number only when speaking of human beings. But the demons are spoken of as many ;· seven were cast out of Mary Magdalene; and of one man we read he had a whole legion. Persons are spoken of as being possessed of demons; but nowhere is it intimated in the Bible that any person was ever possessed of Satan or Diabolos. Demons are said to have been cast out of persons; but never is it said that Satan, or Diabolos, was cast out of any man.

3. This theory is contrary to the opinions of both Jews and heathen respecting the origin and nature of these demons. Enfield tells us that the Chaldeans, and, indeed, all the heathen nations, believed in the existence of an innumerable host of demons. He also tells us that the same belief was entertained by all the different schools of heathen philosophers. He likewise informs.us that Xenocrates, Plato, Cicero, Pythagoras, and others, taught that demons are of two kinds - superior and inferior; the superior, those that inhabited the sun and stars; the inferior, human souls, separated from the body. Plutarch, Thales and Hesiod, taught the same doctrine. Josephus tells us that demoniacs were possessed by the spirits of dead men. That the belief in the existence of demons was common among the Jews in our Saviour's time, is a fact too notorious to admit of denial. From what source they derived these opinions we shall see presently. It is also an indisputable fact that these demons, so far from being fallen angels, were the spirits, souls or ghosts, of dead men, which were supposed to come back to this world, and take possession of, or enter into, the living.

4. The Bible nowhere informs us that these demons were fallen angels. Demons are spoken of in the Old Testament, and very frequently mentioned in the New; but not a hint is given that they were fallen angels. Now, can it be believed that the scripture writers believed these demons to be fallen angels, and, although they frequently mention them, yet that this opinion of theirs should never leak out?

5. This theory comes in direct contact with the plain teachings of the Bible. See Deut. 32: 17. It is certain, from this text, that these demons were something that the Jews had formerly known nothing about, and that their fathers had no fear of them.