I have only considered our language as it shews the genius and natural temper of the English, which is modest, thoughtful, and sincere, and which perhaps may recommend the people, though it has spoiled the tongue. We might perhaps carry the same thought into other languages, and deduce a great part of what is peculiar to them from the genius of the people who speak them. It is certain, , the light talkative humour of the French has not a little infected their tongue, which might be shewn by many'instances; as the genius of the Italialis, which is so much addicted to music and ceremony, has moulded all their words and phrases to those particular uses. The stateliness and gravity of the Spaniards shews itself to perfection in the solemnity of their language ; and the blunt honest hu-mour of the Germans sounds better in the roughness of the High-Dutch, than it would in a politer tongue.

ADDISON

NO 136. MONDAY, AUGUST 6, 1711.

Parthis mendacior

HOR. Ep. i. 1. 2. ver. 112. A greater liar Parthia never bred. According to the request of this strange fellow, I shall print the following letter :

MR. SPECTATOR, 'I SHALL without any manner of preface or apology acquaint you, that I am, and ever have been from my youth upward, one of the greatest liars this island has produced. I have read all the Moralists upon the subject, but could never find any effect their discourses had upon me, but to add to my misfortune by new thoughts and ideas, and making me more ready in my language, and capable of sometinres mixing seeming truths with my impro

babilities. With this strong passion towards falsehood in this kind, there does not live an honester man, or a sincerer friend; but my imagination runs away with me, and whatever is started, I have such a scene of adventures appears in an instant before me, that I cannot help uttering them; though, to my immediate confusion, I cannot but know I ain liable to be detected by the first man I meet."

• Upon occasion of the mention of the battle of Pultowa*, I could not forbear giving an account of a kinsman of mine, a young merchant who was bred at Moscow, that had too much mettle to attend books of entries and accounts, when there was so active a scene in the country where he resided, and followed the Czar as a volunteer. This warm youth (born at the instant the thing was spoke of) was the man who unhorsed the Swedish general, he was the occasion that the Muscovites kept their fire in so soldier-like a manner, and brought up those troops which were covered from the enemy at the beginning of the day; besides this, he had at last the good fortune to be the man who took count Piper t. With all this fire I knew my cousin to be the civilest creature in the world. He never made any impertinent show of his valour, and then he had an excellent genius for the world in every other kind. I had letters from him (here I felt in my pockets) that exactly spoke the Czar's character, which I knew perfectly well; and I could not forbear concluding, that I lay with his imperial majesty twice or thrice a week all the while he lodged at Deptford 1. Whạt is worse than all this, it is impossible to speak to me, but you give me some occasion of coming out with one lie, or other, that

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has neither wit, humour, prospect of interest, or any other motive that I can tbink of in nature. The other-day, when one was commending an eminent and learned divine, what occasion in the world had J'to say, ' Methinks he would look more venerable if he were not-so fair a man?' I remember the company smiled. I have seen the gentleman since, and he is coal-black. I have intimations every day in my life that nobody believes me, yet I am never the better. I was saying something the other day to an old friend at Will's coffee-house, and he made me no manner of answer; but told me that an acquaintance of Tully the orator having two or three times together said to him, without receiving any an. swer, upon

his honour he was but that very month forty years of age;" Tully answered, “Surely you think me the most incredulous man in the world, if I do not believe what you have told me every day these ten years.” The mischief of it is, I find myself wonderfully inclined to have been present at every occurrence that is spoken of before me; this has led me into many inconveniencies, but

; indeed they have been the fewer, because I am no ill-natured man, and never speak things to any man's disadvantage. I never directly defame, but I do what is as bad in the consequence, for I have often made a man say such and such a lively expression, who was born a mere elder brother. When one has said in my hearing, « Such a one is no wiser than he should be," I immediately have replied, « Now' faith, I cannot see that, he said a very good thing to my lord such-a-one, upon such an occasion, and the like.” Such an honest dolt as this has been watched in every expression he uttered, upon my recommendation of him, and consequently been subject to the more ridicule. I once endeavoured to cure myself of this impertinent quality, and resolved to hold my tongue for seven days together; I did so, but then I had so many winks and unnecessary distortions of my face upon what any body clse said, that I found I only forbore the expression,

and that I still lied in my heart to every man I met with. You are to know one thing (which I believe you will say is a pity, considering the use I should have made of it), I never travelled in my life ; but I do not know whether I could have spoker of any foreign country with more familiarity than I do at present, in company, who are strangers to me. I have cursed the inns in Germany; commended the brothels at Venice; the freedom of conversation in France; and though I never was out of this dear town, and fifty miles about it, have been three nights together dogged by bravoes, for an intrigue with a cardinal's mistress at Rome.

• It were endless to give you particulars of-this kind; but I can assure you,

Mr. Spectator, there are about twenty or thirty of us in this town; I mean by this town the cities of London and Westminster; I say there are in town a sufficient number of us to make a society among ourselves; and since we cannot be believed any longer, I beg of you to print this

my letter, that we may meet together, and be under such regulation as there may be no occasion for belief or confidence among us. If you think fit, we might be called “ the historians,” for liar is become a very harsh word. And that a member of the society may not hereafter be ill received by the rest of the world, I desire you would explain a licle this sort of men, and not let us historians be ranked, as we are in the imaginations of ordinary people, among common liars, make-bates, impostors, and incendiaries. For your instruction herein, you are to know that an historian in conversation is only a person of so pregnant a fancy, that he cannot be contented with ordinary occurrences. I know a man of quality of our order, who is of the wrong side of forty-three, and has been of that age, according to Tully's jest, for some years since, whose vein is upon the romantic. Give bim the least occasion, and he will tell you something so very particular that happened in such a year, and in such a company, where by the bye was present such a one, who was

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afterwards made such a thing-Out of all these circumstances, in the best language in the world, he will join together, with such probable incidents, an account, that shews a person of the deepest penetration, the honestest mind, and withal something so humble when he speaks of himself, that you would admire. Dear Sir, why should this be lying? there is nothing so instructive. He has withal the gravest aspect ;. something so very venerable and great ! Another of these historians is a young man whom we would take in, though he extremely wants parts; as people send children (before they can learn any thing) to school, to keep them out of harm's way.

He tells things which have nothing at all in them, and can neither please nor displease, but merely take up your time to no manner of purpose, no manner of delight; but he is good-natured, and does it because he loves to be saying something to you, and entertain you.

• I could name you a soldier that has done very great things without slaughter; he is prodigiously dull and slow of head, but what he can say is for ever false, so that we must have him.

. Give me leave to tell you of one more, who is a lover; he is the most afflicted creature in the world, Jest what happened between him and a great beanty should ever be known. Yet again he comforts him. self, “ Hang the jade her woman. If money can keep the slut trusty I will do it, though I'mortgage every acre ; Antony and Cleopatra for that All for Love, and the World well lost.”

Then, Sir, there is my little merchant, honest Indigo of the 'Change; there is my man for loss and gain; there is tare and tret, there is lying all round the globe: he has such a prodigious intelligence, he knows all the French are doing, and what we intend orought to intend, and has it from such hands.--But, alas, wbither am I running! while I complain, while

1 I remonstrate to you, even all this is a lie, and there is not one such person of quality, lover, soldier, or merchaut, as I have now described in the whole

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