together with the whole administration of India, had been transferred to the Crown, the three Presidencies still retained their separate armies until, as will be seen, by an Act of Parliament passed in 1893, all the armed forces of British India were, in 1895, finally unified. It was in Southern India that the native Army, the Sepoy Army as it was termed in old days, first came into existence, as it was in Southern India that Frenchmen pointed the way to the New Model'. It is stated that the first native corps raised by the Company was in the island of Bombay,1 and as early as 1747 some Bombay sepoys were sent to Madras; but it was in Madras, more especially, that the employment of native troops in the British service began to make history, and all the senior regiments in the present Indian Army are Madras or ex-Madrasi units.

In 1746 Fort St. George at Madras capitulated to the French under Labourdonnais: some few natives had been enlisted for the defence of the fort, while a larger number helped successfully to defend Fort St. David in the same year. The loss of Fort St. George, which, however; in 1748 reverted to Great Britain under the terms of the treaty of Aix la Chapelle, seems to have been a main factor in determining the English to follow up the policy which the French had adopted with so much success. Stringer On the north side of the nave of Westminster Abbey, towards the western end, stands a monument erected by the East India Company to the memory of Major-General Stringer Lawrence. It records Discipline established, fortresses protected, settlements extended, French and

Lawrence.

1 See Holmes's History of the Indian Mutiny, second ed., 1885, p. 46: 'The first Sepoy regiments were raised in Southern India', and in a note to the same page: 'It was at Bombay that the very first native corps were disciplined by the English.' Reference should be made to an article in vol. xviii of the Quarterly Review (1818) on 'The Origin and State of the Indian Army', which was written by Sir John Malcolm. Cf. his Short Account of the Rise, Progress, and Character of the Native Army of India, written in 1816 and given in the Minutes of Evidence taken before the Select Committee on the Affairs of the East India Company v. Military, pp. 324-38, ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 16 August, 1832, 735, V. This account is practically identical with the unsigned article in the Quarterly.