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CHRONOLOGICAL VIEW

OF

THE AGE OF DANTE.

A. D.

1265 May.-DANTE, son of Alighieri degli Alighieri and Bella, is born at Florence. Of his own ancestry he speaks in the Paradise, Canto xv. and xvi.

In the same year, Manfredi, king of Naples and Sicily,
is defeated and slain by Charles of Anjou. H. xxviii.
13. and Purg. iii. 110.

Guido Novello of Polenta obtains the sovereignty of
Ravenna. H. xxvii. 38.

Battle of Evesham. Simon de Montfort, leader of the
barons, defeated and slain.

1266 Two of the Frati Godenti chosen arbitrators of the differences of Florence. H. xxiii. 104.

Gianni de' Soldanieri heads the populace in that city.
H. xxxii. 118.

Roger Bacon sends a copy of his Opus Majus to Pope
Clement IV.

1268 Charles of Anjou puts Conradine to death, and becomes king of Naples. H. xxviii. 16. and Purg. xx. 66. 1270 Louis IX. of France dies before Tunis. His widow, Beatrice, daughter of Raymond Berenger, lived till 1295. Purg. vii. 126. Par. vi. 135.

1272 Henry III. of England is succeeded by Edward I. Purg. vii. 129.

Guy de Montfort murders Prince Henry, son of Richard,
king of the Romans, and nephew of Henry III. of
England, at Viterbo. H. xii. 119. Richard dies, në
is supposed, of grief for this event.
Abulfeda, the Arabic writer, is born.

A. D.

1274 Our Poet first sees Beatrice, daughter of Folco Porti

nari.

Rodolph acknowledged emperor.

Philip III. of France marries Mary of Brabant, who
lived till 1321. Purg. vi. 24.

Thomas Aquinas dies. Purg. xx. 67. and Par. x. 96.
Buonaventura dies. Par. xii. 25.

1275 Pierre de la Brosse, secretary to Philip III. of France, executed. Purg. vi. 23.

1276 Giotto, the painter, is born.

Pope Adrian V. dies.

Purg. xi. 95.

Purg. xix. 97.

Guido Guinicelli, the poet, dies. Purg. xi. 96. and xxvi. 83.

1277 Pope John XXI. dies. Par. xii. 126.

1278 Ottocar, king of Bohemia, dies. Purg. vii. 97. Robert of Gloucester is living at this time.

1279 Dionysius succeeds to the throne of Portugal. Par. xix. 135.

1280 Albertus Magnus dies. Par. x. 95.

Our Poet's friend, Busone da Gubbio, is born about this time. See the Life of Dante prefixed.

William of Ockham is born about this time.

1281 Pope Nicholas III. dies. H. xix. 71.

Dante studies at the universities of Bologna and Padua. About this time Ricordano Malaspina, the Florentine annalist, dies.

1282 The Sicilian vespers. Par. viii. 80.

The French defeated by the people of Forli. II.
xxvii. 41.

Tribaldello de' Manfredi betrays the city of Faenza.
H. xxxii. 119.

1284 Prince Charles of Anjou is defeated and made prisoner by Rugier de Lauria, admiral to Peter III. of Arragon. Purg. xx. 78.

Charles I. king of Naples, dies. Purg. vii. 111.
Alonzo X. of Castile, dies. He caused the Bible to be

translated into Castilian, and all legal instruments to
be drawn up in that language. Sancho IV. succeeds
him.
Philip (next year IV. of France) marries Jane, daughter
of Henry of Navarre. Purg. vii. 102

A. D.

1285 Pope Martin IV. dies. Purg. xxiv. 23.

Philip III. of France and Peter III. of Arragon die.
Purg. vii. 101 and 110.

Henry II. king of Cyprus, comes to the throne. Par.
xix. 144.

Simon Memmi, the painter, celebrated by Petrarch, is born.

1287 Guido dalle Colonne (mentioned by Dante in his De Vulgari Eloquio) writes "The War of Troy." Pope Honorius IV. dies.

1288 Haquin, king of Norway, makes war on Denmark. Par. xix. 135.

Count Ugolino de' Gherardeschi dies of famine.
xxxiii. 14.

H.

The Scottish poet, Thomas Learmouth, commonly called
Thomas the Rhymer, is living at this time.

1289 Dante is in the battle of Campaldino, where the Florentines defeat the people of Arezzo, June 11. Purg. v. 90. 1290 Beatrice dies. Purg. xxxii. 2.

He serves in the war waged by the Florentines upon the Pisans, and is present at the surrender of Caprona in the autumn. H. xxi. 92.

Guido dalle Colonne dies.

William, marquis of Montferrat, is made prisoner by his traitorous subjects, at Alessandria in Lombardy. Purg. vii. 133.

Michael Scot dies. H. xx. 115.

1291 Dante marries Gemma de' Donati, with whom he lives unhappily. By this marriage he had five sons and a daughter.

Can Grande della Scala is born, March 9. H. i. 98.
Purg. xx. 16. Par. xvii. 75. and xxvii. 135.

The renegade Christians assist the Saracens to recover
St. John D'Acre. H. xxvii. 84.

The Emperor Rodolph dies. Purg. vi. 104. and vii. 91.
Alonzo III. of Arragon dies, and is succeeded by James
II. Purg. vii. 113. and Par. xix.
Eleanor, widow of Henry III. dies.

1292 Pope Nicholas IV. dies.

Roger Bacon dies.

133.

Par. vi. 135.

John Baliol, king of Scotland, crowned.

A. D.

1294 Clement V. abdicates the papal chair. Dante writes his Vita Nuova.

H. ii. 56.

Fra Guittone d'Arezzo, the poet, dies. Purg. xxiv. 56. Andrea Taffi, of Florence, the worker in Mosaic, dies. 1295 Dante's preceptor, Brunetto Latini, dies. H. xv. 28. Charles Martel, king of Hungary, visits Florence. Par. viii. 57. and dies in the same year.

Frederick, son of Peter III. of Arragon, becomes king of Sicily. Purg. vii. 117. and Par. xix. 127.

Taddeo, the physician of Florence, called the Hippo-
cratean, dies. Par. xii. 77.

Marco Polo, the traveller, returns from the East tc
Venice.

Ferdinand IV. of Castile comes to the throne. Par. xix
122.

1296 Forese, the companion of Dante, dies. Purg. xxxiii. 44. Sadi, the most celebrated of the Persian writers, dies. War between England and Scotland, which terminates in the submission of the Scots to Edward I.; but in the following year, Sir William Wallace atempts the deliverance of Scotland. Par. xix. 121.

1298 The Emperor Adolphus falls in a battle with his rival, Albert I., who succeeds him in the Empire.

vi. 98.

Purg,

Jacopo da Varagine, archbishop of Genoa, author of the
Legenda Aurea, dies.

1300 The Bianca and Nera parties take their rise in Pistoia, H. xxxii. 60.

This is the year in which he supposes himself to see his
Vision. H. i. 1. and xxi. 109.

He is chosen chief magistrate, or first of the Priors of
Florence and continues in office from June 15, to
August 15.

Cimabue, the painter, dies. Purg. xi. 93.

Guido Cavalcanti, the most beloved of our Poet's friends, dies. H. x. 59. and Purg. xi. 96.

1301 The Bianca party expels the Nera from Pistoia. H. xxiv. 142.

1302 January 27. During his absence at Rome, Dante is mulcted by his fellow-citizens in the sum of 8000 lire, and condemned to two years' banishment.

A. D.

1302 March 10. He is sentenced, if taken, to be burned. Fulcieri de' Calboli commits great atrocities on certain of the Ghibelline party. Purg. xiv. 61.

Carlino de' Pazzi betrays the castle di Piano Travigne,
in Valdarno, to the Florentines. H. xxxii. 67.
The French vanquished in the battle of Courtrai. Purg.
xx. 47.

James, king of Majorca and Minorca, dies. Par. xix.

133.

1.03 Pope Boniface VIII. dies. H. xix. 55. Purg. xx. 86;

xxxii. 146. and Par. xxvii. 20.

The other exiles appoint Dante one of a council of
twelve, under Alessandro da Romena.
He appears

to have been much dissatisfied with his colleagues.
Par. xvii. 61.
Robert of Brunne translates into English verse the
Manuel de Pechés, a treatise written in French by
Robert Grosseteste, bishop of Lincoln.

1304 Dante joins with the exiles in an unsuccessful attack on the city of Florence.

May. The bridge over the Arno breaks down during a representation of the infernal torments exhibited on that river. II. xxvi. 9.

July 20. Petrarch, whose father had been banished two years before from Florence, is born at Arezzo. 1305 Winceslaus II. king of Bohemia, dies. Purg, vii. 99. and Par. xix. 123.

A conflagration happens at Florence. H. xxvi. 9.
Sir William Wallace is executed at London.

1306 Dante visits Padua.

1307 He is in Lunigiana with the Marchese Marcello Malaspina. Purg. viii. 133; xix. 140.

Dolcino, the fanatic, is burned. H. xxviii. 53.
Edward II. of England comes to the throne.

1308 The Emperor Albert I. murdered. Purg. vi. 98. and

Par. xix. 114.

Corso Donati, Dante's political enemy, slain.

xxiv. 81.

Purg.

He seeks an asylum at Verona, under the roof of the
Signori della Scala. Par. xvii. 69.

He wanders, about this time, over various parts of

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