thematics and natural philosophy, and rector of the university at Upsal, died in 1784.

BERIGARD, Claude, professor of philosophy at Padua and Pisa, died in 1663.

BERNARD, Sir Thomas, a philanthropist born at Lincoln, 1750. He was bred to the law, and in 1795 was appointed treasurer to the Foundling Hospital; the estates belonging to BERING, Vitus, professor at Copenhagen, which, were vastly improved by his managehistoriographer to the king, and eminent as a ment. He was the chief institutor of "The Latin poet, in the 17th century. Society for bettering the condition of the Poor." BERING, Vitus, a native of Denmark, and He also promoted various other societies and commodore in the service of Russia. He was charities, particularly the Royal Institution, the employed in exploring the north coasts of Ame-British Gallery, &c. &c., and died at Leamingrica, where he died, after having made some im-ton, Spa, Warwickshire, 1818. portant discoveries. Bering's island and strait, BERNARD, of Menthon, an ecclesiastic of derive the name from him. Savoy, founder of two monasteries in the passes of the Alps, for the relief of pilgrims and travellers, which still remain as monuments of his benevolence; born in 923.

BERKELEY, Dr. George, the learned and ingenious bishop of Cloyne, in Ireland, was born in that kingdom, at Kilerin, near Thomastown, the 12th of March, 1684, and died Jan. 14, 1753. BERNARD, Edward, Savilian professor of The excellence of his moral character is con- astronomy, at Oxford, which he resigned for the spicuous in his writings, which were chiefly in living of Brightwell, was distinguished early in defence of the Christian religion against Athe-life, for his profound classical acquirements, and ists and Infidels. His philosophical discoveries, his intense application to his studies; a characparticularly of the medical virtues of tar-water, ter which he maintained till his death in 1696. were of great service to mankind. Dr. B. was BERNARD, James, of Geneva, professor at certainly a very amiable, as well as a very great the Hague, and afterwards minister at Leyden, man; and Pope is scarcely thought to have said died in 1718. too much when he ascribes to

BERNARD, Catherine, a native of Rouen, wrote poetry with ease and elegance, and obtained the poetical prize, at the French academy, 3 times, and a pension from Lewis XIV.;

"Berkeley every virtue under Heav'n." BERKELEY, George, L. L. D., second son of the bishop of Cloyne, was an eminent Eng-she died in 1712. lish divine, chancellor of Brecknock, and prebendary of Canterbury cathedral; he died 1795. BERKELEY, George, earl of, a privy counsellor of Charles II., descended from the royal family of Denmark, died in 1698.

BERKELEY, Sir William, vice admiral of the white, fell in a dreadful engagement with the Dutch in 1666.

BERNARD, a hermit, who, at the close of the 10th century, alarmed the public by predicting the immediate end of the world.

BERNARD, Francis, gov. of New-Jersey, afterwards of Massachusetts. His zeal for the authority of the crown, contributed to hasten the revolution. He was recalled, and died in 1779.

BERKELEY, George, bishop of Cloyne, in BERNARD, Sir Thomas, son of the preceding, Ireland, a distinguished benefactor of Yale Col-was for many years employed in the manage lege; an author of great reputation, denied the ment of different charities, and distinguished existence of matter; visited America, but died himself by a constant attention to their improve in Ireland, in 1753. ment, no less than by his pure philanthropy; ||he died in 1818

BERKHEYDEN, Job and Gerard, two Dutch painters, of Haerlem, the first of whom was drowned in 1698, the other died in 1693.

BERKLEY, Sir William, a native of London, was governor of the colony of Virginia, and wrote an account of the country; he died in England, in 1677.

BERNARD, a painter of eminence at Brussels, in the 16th century.

BERNARD, Peter Joseph, a native of Grenoble, author of some operas, and other lighter pieces, which, for their ease and elegance, procured him the name of le gentil Bernard. He

BERKLEY, William, royal governor of Vir-died in 1775. ginia, nearly forty years; in general "an excellent governor," although attached to the royal prerogative; he died in England, in 1677.

BERKLEY, Norborne, baron de Botetourt, a governor of Virginia, and patron of William and Mary College: he died in 1770.

BERNARD, Dr. Francis, physician to James II., eminent for his learning, and for his valuable collection of books, died in 1697.

BERNARD, Richard, an English clergyman, author of a valuable concordance of the bible, died in 1641.

BERNARD, Samuel, a historical painter, died at Paris, in 1687. His son, of the same name, was, on account of his riches, called the Lucullus of his age.

BERNARD, John Baptiste, an ecclesiastic,

BERKENHOUT, Dr. John, distinguished in the literary world for his productions in various sciences. He had experienced many different situations in life, having in his youth been a captain both in the Prussian and English service; and in the year 1765, he took his de-died 1772. gree of M. D. at Leyden. He went with the BERNARDI, John, an artist of Italy, of ex commissioners to America, where he was im-traordinary skill in cutting crystals, died in prisoned by the congress; on which account he afterwards enjoyed a pension from government, and died April 3, 1791, aged 60.

BERNAERT, Nicasuis, a Dutch painter, died

1555.

BERNARDINE, an ecclesiastic, and very popular preacher, born at Massar. He was the founder of 300 monasteries in Italy, and was canonized by pope Nicholas; he died in 1444.

BERNAZZANO, an eminent painter, of Milan, in the 16th century; a fruit piece of his is said to have been destroyed by the frequent pecking of birds.

BERNERS, Juliana, prioress of Sopewell Ununnery, near St. Alban's, one of the earliest

female writers in England, was daughter of Sir James Berners, of Roding Berners, in Essex, (who was beheaded in the reign of Richard II.) She was very beautiful, of great spirit, and loved masculine exercises, such as hawking, hunting, &c.; and so thoroughly was she skilled in them, that she wrote treatises of hunting, hawking, and heraldry, printed at St. Alban's, folio, 1486. She was born about the beginning of the 15th century, but the time of her decease is unknown. Nothing can more strongly mark the barbarism of the times in which she lived, than the indelicate expressions used by this lady, equally inconpati-the most useful book that appeared in 1784. ble with her sex and profession.

age of Alexander the Great, wrote a history of Chaldea, some fragments of which are preserved in Josephus.

BERNIA, or BERNI, Francis, an ecclesiastic, of Florence, distinguished for his satirical poems, died in 1543.

BERNIER, Francis, surnamed the Mogul, on account of his voyages and residence in the Mogul's country, born at Angers, in France, died at Paris, 1688.

BERNIER, John, a native of Blois, physician to some of the royal family, died in 1668.

BERNINI, or BERNIN, John Lawrence, commonly called Cavaliero Bernin, born at Naples, was famous for his skill in painting, sculpture, architecture, and mechanics; and died at Rome, 1680.

BERNIS, cardinal, one of the most remarkable men in the reign of Louis XV., as a courtier, a man of letters, and a negotiator, was born 1714, and died at Rome, November, 1794.

BERNOULLI, James, a native of Basil, was a celebrated mathematician and professor. His discoveries in mathematics, particularly the properties of the curve, have immortalized his name; he died in 1705.

BERQUIN, Arnaud, a French miscellaneous writer, whose principal works are well known in this country, was born at Bordeaux, about 1740, and died, December 21, 1791. He distinguished himself by his "Idyls," but is much better known among us by his "Ami des Enfans, (The Children's Friend,)" which has been translated into many languages, and was honoured with the prize given by the French academy for

BERQUIN, Lewis de, a gentleman of Artois, known as a courtier at the court of France, was, as a protestant, twice imprisoned by the papists, and finally strangled and burnt in 1569. He was the friend of Erasmus.

BERRETOUI, Nicholas, a painter, died in 1682. His historical pieces are much admired. BERRIMAN, William, D. D., chaplain to the bishop of London, and rector of St. Andrew, Undershaft, died in 1750.

BERRUYER, Joseph Isaac, a Jesuit, died in 1758. His writings are on theological subjects. BERRY, Sir John, was a distinguished naval officer of England, who saved James II., when duke of York, from shipwreck, at the mouth of the Humber; he died in 1691.

BERRYAT, John, a physician at Paris, died in 1754.

BERSMANN, George, a German; among other works, he translated the Psalms of David into Latin verse: he died in 1611.

BERTAUD, John, chaplain to Catherine de Medicis, and bishop of Seez, died in 1611. BERTHEAU, Charles, a French protestant, admitted minister at the synod of Vigan, died in

BERTHET, John, a learned Jesuit of Provence, died in 1692.

BERNOULLI, John, brother to James, was professor of mathematics at Groningen, and af-1732. terwards at Basil, where he died in 1748. He was equally distinguished as his brother, and enjoyed the friendship of Newton, Leibnitz, and the other great men of Europe.

BERNOUILLI, Daniel, a very celebrated philosopher and mathematician, born at Groningen, February 9, 1700, died in March, 1782. He was extremely respected at Basil; and to bow to Daniel Bernouilli when they met him in the streets, was one of the first lessons which every father gave his children.

BERTHIER, Guillaume Francois, a Jesuit, known as the conductor of the Journal of Tre vaux for many years; afterwards librarian royal, and preceptor to Lewis XVI. and his brother; he died in 1782.

BERTI, John Laurence, a learned Augustine monk of Tuscany, author of several voluminous French works, died at Pisa, in 1766.

BERTHOLET-FLAMEEL, Bartholomew, a painter of Leige, settled at Paris, died in 1675. BERTHOLON, N., an eminent French writer, professor of medicine at Montpelier, died in 1799. BERNSTORFF, John Harting Ernest, count, BERTHOUD, Ferdinand, an eminent medescended from a noble family in Hanover; af-chanic, born at Plancemont, in Neufchatel, died ter travelling over Europe, he settled in Den-in 1807. mark, where he became the friend and favourite of Christian VI., his ambassador abroad, and finally his prime minister. In this situation, he successfully devoted the whole energies of his powerful mind to the improvement of his adopted country, and after a life devoted to the prosperity BERTIN, Nicholas, a painter, born at Paris and honour of Denmark, died at Hamburg, 1772. patronised by Lewis XIV. and the duke of Ba BERNSTORFF, count de, a celebrated states-varia, died in 1736. His pieces which are p.eman, and many years prime-minister of Den-served, possess great merit. mark, was born in Denmark, 1735; he conciliated, in his high office, the love and esteem of all men, and died, June 21, 1797.

BEROALDUS, Philip, of a noble family of Bologna, was professor of belles lettres there, till his death in 1505.

BEROALDUS, Philip, librarian to the Vatican under Leo X., was a successful writer of panegyrics, epigrams, &c.; he died in 1518. BEROALDUS, Matthew, a native of Paris, died a Calvinist, at Geneva, in 1584.

BERTIER, John Stephen, a native, and author, of Provence, died in 1783.

BERTIN, Exupere Joseph, a native of France, for some time physician to the hospodar of Wal lachia: he returned to France, and there pub. lished his Osteology; he died in 1781.

BERTIN, Anthony, a French officer, and a poet of some merit, died at St. Domingo, in 1790. BERTINAZZI, Charles, an actor of merit ir the Italian theatre, died in 1783.

BERTIUS, Peter, professor of philosophy ai Leyden, afterwards of mathematics at Paris, and cosmographer to the king; he died in 1629. BERTON, Peter Montan le, an eminent mu sician, settled at Paris, and employed as mana BEROSUS, priest of Belus, at Babylon, in the||ger of the operas there, died in 1780.

BEROALDUS, Francis, son of Matthew, died .n 1612.

BERTRADE, daughter of the count of Mont-France to Rome, Scotland, and Germany, died fort, and wife of the count of Anjou, from whom in 1649. she was divorced, to marry Philip Í. of France. BERTRAM, Cornel. Bonaventure, a native of Poitou, professor of Hebrew at Genoa and Lausanne, died in 1794.

BETIS, governor of Gaza, cruelly treated by Alexander, for bravely defending the place. BETTERTON, Thomas, a famous English actor, generally styled the English Roscius, born BERTRAM, John, a farmer of Pennsylvania, in Tothill-street, Westminster, 1635, made his who, by intense application, rose to great emi- first appearance on the stage, in 1656 or 1657, at nence as a botanist. Linnæus is said to have the opera-house, in Charter-house Yard, under declared him the greatest natural botanist in the the direction of Sir William D'Avenant; and, world; he died in 1777. having, for many years, borne away the palm BERTRAND, John Baptist, a physician, from all his competitors, died April, 1710, and known for his interesting account of the plague was interred in Wesminster Abbey. See Cibat Marseilles, died in 1752. ber's Apology, Tattler, No. 167, and Davies' BERTRAND, Nicholas, a physician of dis-Dramatic Miscellanies, for a particular accoun tinction at Paris, died in 1780. of this eminent man.

BETTINELLI, Xavier, an Italian Jesuit, was a teacher in France, and, on the suppression of his order became a professor of rhetoric at Modena. He died 1808.

BERULLE, Peter, a celebrated cardinal, who founded the congregation of the Oratory in France. He was born near Troyes, in Champagne, 1575, greatly distinguished himself by his piety, his moral virtues, and his learning, and died while performing mass at the altar, Octo-Florence, died in 1705. der 2, 1629.

BETTINI, Dominico, an eminent painter of

BETTS, John, M. D., physician to the king

BETUSSI, Joseph, an Italian poet, of Bassa

BEVERIDGE, William, a learned English divine, bishop of St. Asaph, born at Barrow, in Leicestershire, 1638, died 1707, leaving behind him many learned and valuable works.

BERWICK, James Fitz James, Duke of, a after the restoration. natural son of James II. by Arabella Churchill,] born August 21, 1670. He was one of the great-no, born in 1520. est generals of his age; and, for his services to the crown of France, was, in the year 1706, created mareschal of that kingdom. "It was impossible," says Montesquieu," to behold him, and not to love virtue, so evident was tranquillity and happiness in his soul. He loved his friends. He used to render them services, with out mentioning them. It was an invisible hand that served you. He had a great fund of reli- BEVERLEY, John, abbot of St. Hilda, bishop gion, and was fond of the clergy, but would not of Hexham, and archbishop of York,died in 721. be governed by them. No man ever practised BEVERLY, R., a native of Virginia, and aureligion so much, and talked of it so little. Hethor of a history of that colony.

BEVERLAND, Hadrian, a native of Zealand, known for his great abilities, his profligacy, and the immorality and obscenity of his writings; the time of his death is not known.

never spoke ill of any one, nor bestowed any BEVERNINCK, Jerome Van, an able Dutch praise upon those whom he did not think de-statesman, ambassador to Cromwell, died in served it. In the work of Plutarch I have seen, 1690.

at a distance, what great men were; in him I BEVERWICK, John de, a distinguished phybehold, at a nearer view, what they are." He sician, and able writer of Dordrecht, died in died A. D. 1734, in the field of glory; being||1647.

killed at the siege of Philipsburgh. He left be BEWICK, John, of great excellence in the hind him his " Memoirs," a very valuable work.art of engraving on wood, and brother to ThoBERYLLUS, a bishop of Arabia in the 3dmas Bewick, an artist of equal or superior merit, still living. These ingenious brothers have

century.

BESLER, Basil, of Nuremberg, a distinguished carried their art to a state of perfection which botanical writer, was born in 1561.

will not easily be surpassed. The first work

BESLEY, John, a learned French antiqua-that attracted the notice of the public, and at rian, and king's advocate, died in 1644.

BESOGNE, Jerome, a doctor of the Sorbonne, and author of a history of Port Royal, &c., died in 1763.

once established their reputation, was, a "History of Quadrupeds," 8vo., 1790, with figures on wood. It was eagerly sought after by the curious, and has been followed by many other proofs of their abilities, the last of which is, a "History of British Birds," 8vo., 1797; on which BESPLAS, Joseph Mary Anne Gros de, aJohn was engaged in conjunction with his brodoctor of the Sorbonne, known as an eloquent ther, when a consumption carried him off, Depreacher, died in 1783. cember 5, 1795.

BESOLDE, Christopher, a professor of law at Tubingen, died in 1638.

BESSÁRION, a native of Trebizond, titular BEUF, John le, a learned antiquary, and patriarch of Constantinople, and a cardinal, il-member of the academy of belles lettres, at Paustrious as one of the restorers of learning in ris, a writer on the history and topography of the 15th century. He died of grief, in conse-France, died in 1760. quence of being grossly insulted by Lewis XI., while an ambassador at his court.

BESSET, Henry de, comptroller of public works in France, and author of the history of the campaign of Rocroi; he died in 1693.

BETHAM, Edward, B. D., fellow of King's College, and afterwards of Eton College, was a liberal donor to the university.

BETHENCOURT, Jean de, discovered the Canary Islands, and conquered them with the aid of Henry III. of Castile.

BEURS, William, a celebrated Dutch painter of flowers, landscapes and portraits, born in 1656.

BEXON, Scipio, assisted Buffon in his natural history, and was himself an author; he died at Paris, in 1784.

BEYS, Charles de, a French poet, died in 1656.

BEYSSER, John Michael, in early life a tra veller, afterwards a general in the French revolution; he was executed, without an adequate

BETHUNE, Philip de, ambassador from cause, in 1794

BEZA, Theodore, a most zealous promoter and defender of the reformned church, born at Vezelai, in Burgundy, June 24, 1519, died 1605. BEZIERS, Michael, an ecclesiastic, known for his laborious researches in history and antiquity, died in 1782.

BEZOUT, Stephen, a writer on mathematics, navigation, and algebra, died in 1783.

BIE, Adrian de, a portrait painter, settled at Rome, about 1600.

BIEFIELD, James Frederick, baron de, secretary of legation in the service of Frederick of Prussia, preceptor to his brother, and afterwards a privy counsellor, died in 1770.

BIELKE, N., baron de, a Swedish gentleman, engaged with Ankerstroem, in the conspi BIANCANI, Joseph, a Jesuit and mathema-racy against the king of Sweden; when detected, tician of Bologna, died in 1644.

BIANCHI, Francis, a painter, master to Cor-|| regio, died in 1520.

BIANCHI, Peter, an eminent Roman painter, died in 1739.

BIANCHIN, John Fortunatis, professor of medicine at Padua, and a medical writer, died in 1779.

BIANCHINI, Francis, a native of Verona, eminent for his great learning, was patronised by pope Alexander VIII., and received marks of respect from the Roman Senate; he died in 1729.

BIANCHINI, Joseph, a Veronese orator. BIANCOLELLI, Pierre Francois, an eminent player, and a writer of plays, died in 1734. BIARD, Peter, a sculptor of celebrity, at Paris, died 1609.

BIAS, called one of the seven wise men of Greece, born at Priene, a town of Caria, about 570 B. C. Though born to great wealth, he lived without splendour, expending his fortune in relieving the needy. On one occasion, certain pirates brought several young women to sell as slaves at Priene. Bias purchased them, and maintained them until he had an opportunity of returning them to their friends. This generous action caused him to be styled "The Prince of Wise Men."

he took poison, and died in 1792.

BIENNE, John, an eminent printer, of Paris, died in 1588.

BIERVE, N. Marechal, marquis de, a Frenchman, known for his ready wit, and as an author of plays, died in 1789.

BIEZ, Oudard du, a native of Artois, whose great bravery and presence of mind in the field of battle, were particularly conspicuous. He was in the service of Francis 1., and died in Pa ris, in 1553.

BIEZELINGEN, Christian Jans Van, a por trait painter, of Delft, died in 1600.

BIFIELD, Nicholas, minister of St. Peters, Chester, died in 1622.

BIGELOW, Timothy, a distinguished lawyer of Massachusetts, was for more than twenty years a representative or senator in the legislature of his native state, and for eleven years, speaker of the house of representatives, over which he presided with dignity and ability, died 1821.

BIGNE, Grace, de la, a poet of Bayeux, accompanied king John to England after the battle or Poictiers, and died in 1374.

BIGNE, Marquerin de la, of the same family as the preceding, was a doctor of the Sorbonne, eminent as a man of letters; he died in 1591.

BIGNICOURT, Simon de, a counsellor of Rheims, eminent for his knowledge of ancient and modern literature, died in 1775.

BIBB, William Wyatt, a native of Georgia, and a physician, after representing his native state in both branches of the national congress, BIGNON, Jerome, distinguished for his early was chosen first governor of the state of Alaba- attainments, was a counsellor of state and adma, by the people, in 1819, and died the follow-vocate general to the parliament of Paris, and ing year. an able statesman; he died in 1656. BIBIENA, Bernardo de, a Roman of obscure BIGOT, Emeri, a native of Rouen, eminent origin, who, by his intrigues, promoted the elec- for his learning, and his acquaintance with tion of Leo X., for which he was made a cardi-learned men, died in 1689. nal; he died in 1520.

BIBIENA, Ferdinand Galli, a celebrated architect and painter, of Bologna, patronised by! the duke of Parma and the emperor, died blind in 1743.

BIBLIANDER, Theodore, professor of theology at Zurich, died in 1564.

BILDERBEK, Christopher Laurent, a Hano verian lawyer, died in 1749.

BILFINGER, George Bernard, professor of philosophy at Petersburg, and afterwards at Tu bingen, eminent for his writings, died in 1750. BILLAUT, Adam, a joiner, of Neveis, a man of strong powers of mind, and of considerBICHAT, Marie Frances Xavier, medical pro-able talent and merit as a poet, died in 1662. fessor at the Hotel-Dieu, Paris, and author of several valuable works on medical subjects, died in 1802.

BIDDLE, John, one of the most eminent English writers among the Socinians, was born at Wotton-under-Edge, 1615. Though a pious, honest, well-meaning man, he suffered various persecutions for his adherence to some singular notions about the Trinity, and died 1662. One of his books was burnt by order of parliament. BIDDLE, Nicholas, a native of Philadelphia, and a captain in the American navy, was, with his crew, blown up, in an action with a British 64 gun ship, in 1778.

BIDLAKE, John, an English divine and poet, died in 1814; he published, besides some sermons, a number of poems, &c.

BIDLOO, Godfrey, an eminent physician and anatomical writer of Amsterdam, professor at the Hague and at Leyden, and physician to king William, died 1713.

BILLI, Jaques de, a native of Guise, eminent for his learning and his poetical talents, died in 1581.

BILLI, Jaques de, a Jesuit of Compiegne, author of several valuable mathematical treatises, died in 1679.

BILLINGSLEY, Henry, a merchant of London, who acquired immense wealth, and rose to the highest city honours, and was knighted while lord mayor. He was a profound mathematician, and published the first English translation of Euclid; he died in 1606.

BILLIONI, N. Bussa, a celebrated and much admired actress, at the theatres of France and Brussels, died in 1783.

BILSON, Thomas, early distinguished as a poet, afterwards as an able divine and eloquent preacher, bishop of Worcester and Winchester, died in 1616.

BINDLEY, James, an eminent antiquarian and founder of the society of Antiquaries, in

England, died in 1818. His collection of books, prints, and medals, was very extensive and valu able.

the preceding, was admiral and marechal of France, and a favourite of Henry IV.. who made him a duke, and sent him, ambassador to Eng land. He was beheaded for treason, in 1602. BISCAINO, Bartholomew, a painter of Genoa,

BINGHAM, George, a fellow of All Soul's College, Oxford, and rector of Pimpern, in Dorset, died in 1800. He wrote and published seve-died in 1657. ral theological works, which were collected in two volumes, after his death.

BINGHAM, Joseph, born at Wakefield, in Yorkshire, 1668. He wrote a learned and laborious work," Origines Ecclesiasticæ, or the Antiquities of the Christian Church; the first voume of which was published 1708, in 8vo, and it was completed afterwards in 9 volumes more. He died August 17, 1723.

BINGHAM, Joseph, son of the preceding, was educated at Oxford, where he died at the age of 22, in consequence of excessive application. BINNING, Hugh, an eloquent preacher, and professor of moral philosophy at Glasgow, died 1654

BISCHOP, John de, an eminent landscape and historical painter, died in 1686. Another, called Cornelius, a painter, died in 1674.

BISHOP, Samuel, high master of Merchant tailors' School, a learned divine and very respectable poet, died Nov. 17, 1795.

BISI, Bonaventure, an admired painter, of Bologna, died in 1662.

BISSET, Charles, M. D., a physician, served several years as engineer, in Flanders, and wrote on fortifications, and on medical subjects. Died in 1791.

BISSET, Dr. Robert, a biographer, historian, and novelist, born in Scotland, 1759, died at Knightsbridge, May 14, 1805. His principal BIERNSTAHL, professor of oriental lan-literary productions were, an edition of the guages at Upsal, died in 1779. Spectator, with Lives of the several Authors; BION, of Smyrna, a Greek bucolic peet, flou-a "Life of Edmund Burke;" a "History of the rished about 288 B. C. Reign of George the Third," several novels, and BION, a Scythian philosopher, the disciple some political tracts. His "History" has the of Crates, and afterwards of Theophrastus, strong merit of being faithful and impartial. It about 246 B. C. is preceded by an able review of the progressive BION, Nicholas, an able engineer and mathe-Improvement of England in Prosperity and matician, died at Paris, in 1733.

BIONDI, Francis, Sir, author of a valuable history of the civil wars of the houses of York and Lancaster, in Italian.

BIONDO, Flavio. vid. BLONDUS. BIRAGUE, Clement, an engraver of Milan, said to have discovered the means of engraving diamonds, lived at the court of Philip II., of Spain.

BIRAGUE, Rene de, a native of Milan, went to France and became a favourite of Charles IV., who made him keeper of the scals, and chancellor of the realm; although a cardinal, he died little respected, in 1582.

Strength, to the Accession of George III., and terminates at the Peace of Amiens, 1802.

BITAUBE, Paul Jeremiah, a miscellaneous writer, born at Konigsberg, was a member of the Berlin Academy, with a pension from Frederick II.; some of his poems have been translated into English. He died 1808.

BITON, a mathematician, lived about 340 B. C.

BIZOT, Peter, canon of a church in Bourges, and author of the valuable "Histoire medallique de la Hollande," died in 1696.

BIZELLI, John, a historical portrait painter, died at Rome, in 1612.

BIRCH, Thomas, a distinguished historical BLACK, Dr. Joseph, a very celebrated chyand biographical writer, born in the parish of mical writer, and professor of that science in St. John, Clerkenwell, London, Nov. 23, 1705, the university of Edinburgh, was born at Borof parents who were quakers. His death was deaux, in France, about 1727, and died at Edinoccasioned by a fall from his horse, and happen-burgh, Nov. 1800. His discoveries relative to ed Jan. 9, 1766. Of his various publications, magnesia and other alkaline bodies, have given the principal was "The General Dictionary, Historical and Critical," in 10 vols. folio; the first of which was published in 1734, the last in 1741.

BIRD, William, known as an excellent composer of music, died in 1623.

BIREN, John Ernest, a person of mean birth, elevated to the highest dignities by Anne, empress of Russia, who made him her prime mi nister, and duke of Courland. On her death, he assumed the reins of government, but was exiled, by the nobles, to Siberia. He died in

1771.

BIRINGCOCCIO, or BIRINGCUCCI, Vanmuccio, an able mathematician of Italy, author of a treatise on the art of fusing, and of casting metal for cannon, published in 1540.

birth to many important facts in the new system of chymistry. A memoir on the subject of these bodies, was read by him, in June, 1755, before the Literary Society of Edinburgh, which has been considered as a model of composition, reasoning and arrangement. Many other important discoveries have been communicated by him in his lectures, which, if he had committed them to the press, would have more materially promoted the cause and extension of science.

BLACKBURN, William, an eminent architect and surveyor, of London, died in 1790. Hle obtained a medal from the Royal Society, and the commendation of Sir Joshua Reynolds, for the best drawing of St. Stephens, Walbrook.

BLACKBURNE, Francis, a native of Rich mond, was chaplain to the archbishop of York, BIRKENHEAD, Sir John, L. L. D., professor prebendary of his cathedral, and archdeacon of of moral philosophy at Oxford, a zealous royal-Cleveland. His writings corresponded with his ist, and a popular courtier; he died in 1679.

BIRON, Armand de Gonrault, baron de, page to queen Margaret of Navarre,rose through the gradations of the army to the rank of marechal of France. He distinguished himself in the service of his sovereign, and was killed by a annon ball at the siege of Epernai, in 1592. BIRON, Charles De Gonrault duc de, son of

private sentiments in favour of the dissenters, he died in 1787.

BLACKHALL, Offspring, D. D., rector of St. Mary's, London, chaplain to King William, and bishop of Exeter, was an able scholar, and eminent divine; he died in 1716.

BLACKLOCK, Dr. Thomas, an eminent Scottish poet and divine, whose talents, very