All these are situated north of the Maine. At its confluence with the Rhine is Germany produces minerals of various kinds, especially silver, arsenic, antimony, iron, cobalt, and lead. Wirtemburg produces salt. Bavaria yields salt, timber, and iron. Most of the Southern states produce wine and corn, and many of them madder, flax hemp, and tobacco. The chief manufactures are porcelain, linen, woollen, and various metallic articles. * The chief rivers in Germany are the Elbe, which rises in the Riesen-gebirge on the confines of Silesia and Bohemia, and flowing by Dresden, Magdeburg, Hamburg, and Altona, enters the German Ocean, after a course of about 700 miles. West of this is the Weser, which rises in the territory of Saxe Coburg, and flowing by Minden and Bremen, falls into the German Ocean, after a course of about 380 miles. Still west is that noble river the Rhine, almost forming the Western barrier of Germany. It rises in Switzerland, on the north-east side of Mount St. Gothard, flows through the Lake of Constance, and passing by Basle, Strasburg and Mannheim, receives the Maine, a little west of Frankfort, on the side of Germany; and a little north of this the Moselle, on the side of France, at Coblentz. It then passes by Cologne, and after entering the Netherlands, turns sharply to the west (Pl. XV.), divides itself into two branches, the southern and largest of which is called the Waal; the northern becomes subdivided, and only a comparatively insignificant stream retains the name of the Rhine; and flows into the sea west * The extent and population of Germany, including the dominions of Austria and Prussia, comprised in the Germanic Confederation, may be estimated at 244,634 square miles, and 41,196,509 inhabitants. Exclusive of Austria and the Prussian German States, Germany may be considered to comprise about 93,293 square miles, and 16,664,902 inhabitants Of which of Utrecht and Leyden. Its course is about 760 miles. In the South of Germany, the Danube rises at Donauschingen* in the Black Forest, and passes by Ulm to Vienna receiving the Lech, the Iser, the Inn, all great rivers, and many others; after which (Pl. X.) it receives the Thiess on the North, and the Drave and Save on the South side, on the confines of Sclavonia, and continues its course through Wallachia, till it enters the Black Sea in Bessarabia. (Pl. XVIII.) Like the Rhine, the Nile, and many other great rivers, its mouths are much choked by the deposit which it brings down. Its course is about 1700 miles. The principal Mountains are the Hartz, in the North; the Erzegebirge, or Metallic Mountains, between Bohemia and Saxony; the Mountains of the Black Forest, in Wurtemburg; those about Salzburg, in Bavaria, which are continuations of the Swiss and Tyrolese Alps and the Böhmer Wald between Bavaria and Bohemia. Prussia (Pl. IX.) consists of two great divisions, one lying along the Baltic, the other extending along the Rhine to the confines of Belgium, and separated from the former by several of the German States; indeed more than half the dominions of the king of Prussia may be considered as included in the name Germany, and it is in right hereof that he has a voice in the German Diet. * A considerable brook rises 10 or 12 miles N.W. of Donauschingen; but the spring which rises at the latter place, being of great volume and purity, has been considered as the source of the river. D are And in the detached portion, bordering on the Rhine, The principal rivers of Prussia are, the Elbe, already described; the Oder, which rises in the Mountains of Moravia, about 25 miles North-east of Olmutz, and flowing by Breslau, and Frankfort on the Oder, receives the Warta and enters the Baltic below Stettin in Pomerania, after a course of about 700 miles. The Wesel or Vistula, one of the noblest Rivers of Europe, rises at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains, in Austrian Silesia, not very far from the Oder, and flowing by Cracow, Warsaw and Thorn, enters the Baltic near Dantzic. It has a course of 650 miles. The Memel or Niemen rises near Minsk, in Lithuania, and flowing by Grodno and Tilsit, enters the Baltic below the town of Memel. It has a course of near 570 miles. The principal Mountains of Prussia are in its Southern boundary: they are part of the Carpathian chain, and are called by the general appellation of the Riesengebirge: the greatest height is about 5000 feet. The principal products of Prussia are flax, madder, and woad used in dyeing. Its chief mines are salt and iron. Amber is found on its shores, and various gems in Silesia. Its principal manufactures are linen, fine woollen cloths, porcelain, and hardware. * The Austrian Empire (Pl. X.) comprises Austria properly so called, with the Tyrol, Salzburg, and Styria below it, which are essentially German in their origin, and in right of which the Emperor of Austria claims a seat in the Germanic Diet. It also comprehends the Illyrian Coast at the top of the Adriatic, and West of this the Lombardo-Venetian States, lying along the North of Italy, which will be more conveniently described hereafter. East of the Adriatic are Croatia and Dalmatia; and separated from Turkey in Europe by the Save is Sclavonia. Above this is Hungary, with the Banat and Transylvania on the South-east, Gallicia on the North, and Moravia and Bohemia on the North-west. In the Austrian Dominions are 11 13 Famous for its ecclesiastical councils. 17 10 Once the capital of Hungary. 15 4 19 0 Cronstadt 45 40 25 20 50 3 These cities, which are only separated by the Danube, form the present capital of Hungary. 24 2 The capital of Gallicia. 19 57 The ancient capital of the late kingdom of Poland, subsequently made a free state with a small territory, and now incorporated with Austria. * Prussia contains about 107,300 square miles, and a population of about 16,112,948. This includes E. and W. Prussia and Posen, which are not comprehended in the German Confederation. The extent and population of the Prussian dominions not comprised in the German Confederation are 36,348 square miles, and 3,863,822 inhabitants. |