Austerlitz 49 5 Prague 50 5 17 O Memorable for the utter defeat of the Austrian and Russian armies by Napoleon, December 2. 1805. 14 25 The capital of Bohemia. The principal Rivers in the Austrian Dominions are the Danube, whose source and course are already described. Among its tributaries, the Inn joins the Danube on the Western boundary of the Austrian Dominions. It rises in the Grisons, in Switzerland, flows by Inspruck, and has a course of about 200 miles. The Tiess, or Theiss, rises in the Carpathian Mountains, in the North-east of Hungary, and flows into the Danube, a little North of Belgrade. Its course is about 780 miles. The Save rises in Illyria, and forms a boundary between the Austrian and Turkish Dominions, till it falls into the Danube at Belgrade. Its course is about 650 miles. The Drave, a considerable, though smaller stream, rises in the Tyrol, and flows into the Danube above the Save, near Esseg. The Elbe has been already described. The chief Mountains are the Tyrolese Alps, with their branches, of which some points near Salzburg attain an elevation of above 11,000 feet, and the Carpathian Mountains in the North of Hungary. The chief products of the Austrian Empire are wine, timber, grain, and tobacco. Wax is also produced in great quantities. Its chief minerals are gold, silver, copper, lead, iron, quicksilver, and salt. Parts of it also produce excellent marble. The chief gold, silver, and quicksilver mines are in Hungary. Iron abounds in Hungary and in Styria, and salt and marble in Styria. * * The Extent and Population of the Austrian Dominions are thus estimated in the official returns, but the population is probably understated: In Switzerland (Pl. XIII.) are N. La. E. Long. 7°28' The capital. 46 12 6 9 At the extremity of the beautiful Lake of that name. Bern 46°57' The principal Rivers are the Rhine, already described, which, rising amidst tremendous Alpine precipices in the country of the Grisons, flows through the Lake of Constance, which is about 35 miles long, and 12 broad; the Rhone, already described, which rises from an extensive glacier, forming a palace of arches of perpetual ice, and flows through the Lake of Geneva, which is about 45 miles long, and 12 in its greatest breadth; the Aar, which rises at the foot of Mount Grimsel, flows through the Lakes of Brienz and Thun, and joins the Rhine near Waldshut; the Limmat, which flows into the Aar through the lakes of Wallenstatt and Zurich. The Mountains in Switzerland are the Alps, The Austrian dominions that are included in the German Confederation comprise about 66,000 English square miles, and 11,725,540 inhabitants; and include Austria with the Tyrol, Salzburg, and Styria; Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia; Carinthia, Carniola, and trifling portions in the neighbourhood of Trieste and Cracow, the highest of which are towards or in Savoy, Mont Blanc being about 15,750 feet high, and Monte Rosa, to the Northeast of Mont Blanc, very little lower. Between them are Monts Cervin and Combin, and several other very lofty summits; and, parallel to this range, are the Bernese Alps of little lower elevation, of which the principal are the Jungfrau, Finster-Aarhorn, and Schreckhorn. Among the chief passes into Italy it may be sufficient to mention the Simplon, a magnificent work of Napoleon, and the earliest great carriage road; and the Great St. Bernard, a mule track memorable for the passage of the French army. The principal products of Switzerland are cattle, butter, cheese, and timber. Its chief minerals, salt, marbles, and precious crystals. Its chief manufactures, clocks and various kinds of ingenious mechanism. * Italy comprises in the North (Pl. XI.) the Continental Dominions of the King of Sardinia, consisting of Savoy, Piedmont, Nice, and Genoa. Eastward are Lombardy and Venice, under the dominion of Austria, already mentioned, but more conveniently described here. Below these are the Duchies of Parma, Modena, and Lucca; and still South, Tuscany. To the East and South of these are the Dominions of the Pope, including the little state of San Marino. The lower part of Italy (Pl. XII.) is the Kingdom of Naples, to which is attached the Island of Sicily. In the North of Italy (Pl. XI.) are *Switzerland contains about 15,230 square miles, and 2,365,286 inhabitants, according to the census of 1850. Rome 41 53 12 29 43 56 12 27 Forming, with about 20 square miles of territory, an independent state under the protection of the Pope. The principal Rivers are, the Po, which rises in Monte Viso, one of the Cottian Alps, and flows through the whole upper part of Italy, from West to East. Its course is about 315 miles, flowing by Turin, Piacenza, Cremona, Guastalla, and Ferrara, till it enters the Adriatic, South of Venice, having received the waters of the Ticino, which flows through the Lago Maggiore, the Adda, Mincio, and many others on the North, and the Tanaro, Trebia, and others on the South side. The Adige rises in the country of the Grisons, and flows by Trent and Verona into the Adriatic, North of the Po. Its course is about 250 miles. The Arno rises in the Apennines East of Florence, and, flowing by that city, falls into the Mediterranean below Pisa. Its course is near 140 miles. The Tiber rises in the Apennines North of Castello, and flowing by Perugia falls into the sea below Rome, after a course of about 170 miles. The principal lakes are, the Lago Maggiore, East of which is the Lago di Como, and still East, the Lago di Garda, each about 36 miles long, and all situated in the North. In the Papal States are, the Lago di Perugia and the Lago di Bolsena, each about 25 miles in circumference. The principal Mountains of Italy are the Alps, which form its Northern boundary, and the Apennines which follow the coast of the Gulf of Genoa, and run through the middle of Italy from North to South. Their highest points are, Monte Corno, or Il Sasso Grande, in the Abruzzo, 9520 feet above the level of the sea, and Monte Velino, a little South of it (Pl. XII.), which attains the height of 8397 feet.* * Italy contains the following States: |