tisement, upon the Russian government, for daring to offend against the laws of neutrality, and the majesty of our maritime dominion. At all events, let the fact be recorded; let it be treasured up in the catalogue of our griefs, that when the hour of retributive vengeance shall arrive, it may swell the tide of public indignation, and redouble our ardour in launching our bursting thunders on the perfidious auxiliary of our implacable foe. TURKEY.

The manifesto of the rebellious Janissaries who deposed their late sovereign, is worthy of the turbulent, fanatical, and brutal herd from whom it issued. In their thoughts, as well as their actions, they are the reverse of every thing observable in the rest of Europe. When every other people are impressed with the necessity of increasing their growth, in order to maintain their footing in society, the Turks conceive it to be the perfection of policy to contract their size, and to diminish their moral strength in proportion as that of their neighbours augment. Upon the very principle which, in Christendom, would surround a monarch with the love and confidence of his subjects, these besotted Mohammedans tear their sovereign from his throne, and place his nephew on the vacant seat. Unmoved by the rapid approaches of that storm which is gathering around, and will soon compress their European power; unappalled by the fate of disciplined and warlike nations, which have fallen the victims of their superannuated prejudices, the Turks disdainfully revolt at the idea of the introduction of order and economy into their domestic adininistration, and of science and discipline into the constitution and movements of their armies. The crime of the dethroned sovereign consisted in a temperate endeavour to meliorate the condition of his troops, and to qualify them to meet the disciplined tactics of Europeans with a correspondent degree of discipline. A project so salutary gave offence to the Janissaries, and the triumph of barbarism was completed by the deposition of their ruler. This circumstance is not new in the history of mankind, since we can hardly discover amongst the records of nations, one people who have not been adverse at the beginning to the very plans of improvement which they afterwards adopted with zeal. An attempt to make the Russians shave their beards, occasioned a general revolt among the people; and when, in a former reign, muskets were put into the hands of the Janissaries, in order that they might be drilled in the European system of wartare, they threw them down with indignation, and drawing their sabres, declared, that as their empire had been gained by the sword, with the sword only it should be maintained. In fact, the unruly spirit of the Janissaries is so great, that they are more formidable to their sovereign than to his enemies. Accordingly, we have seen them renew the drama of Mohammed IV. and they have consigned the Sultaun to an habi tation within the iron doors of the Seraglio, and raised his relative to the throne. The same principle continues to operate now, which operated in the 17th century. No sooner is the nephew of the Sultaun proclaimed, than the deposed prince acknowledges the will of the prophet through the voice of the people. And thus, when Mohammed IV. abdicated the empire in 1687, and left it to his brother, Solyman, he told Cuprogli, and the keeper of the sacred standard, "God's will be done; since his anger has fallen upon my head; go and tell my brother that God declares his will by the voice of the people."

That the French have been extremely active in the events that have occurred at Constantinople, is sufficiently evident, both from their declarations, and their exces sive joy, at the downfal of the late Sultaun. But unless they obtain possession of the Turkish provinces in Europe, through their usual arts of fraud, they will find it a matter of greater difficulty than they are aware of, to reduce the Othman power under their yoke. In the Morea, they will, no doubt, be successful; but they will find in the Mohammedans, as they have already experieneed with Buonaparte at their head, a much more stubborn resistance than they have found from any other continental power, Russia excepted. Although the fanaticism of the Turks has long been smothered, yet is it not extinguished. When their vigour shall be roused by the consideration that they are fighting for religion, as well as empire, they will display a desperate valour, heightened by the rekindled glow of religious fanaticism; and before the standards of France shall have reached the mouth of the Bosphorus, a copious deluge of French blood will signalize the fall of their European empire. From these reflections, it will be readily perceived, that I contemplate the over

throw of European Turkey, as the necessary consequence of the Russian armistice, and the cession of the Catarro and Ionian islands to the French. This event may not take place this year, but it will be accomplished before the expiration of the ensuing one. Rapid and decisive measures are already in preparation. Numerous emissaries of France, inundate the Turkish provinces, and serve as the pioneers of her revolu tionary legions. An ambassador has already reached Persia, with a view to strengthen the interest of France in that quarter, and to explore the track that leads to India. Our government have judiciously dispatched Sir Harford Jones, who, from long residence, is conversant with the languages and manners of the east, to counteract the designs of the French at that court; and the vigorous and enlightened policy adopted by lord Wellesley in India, which he bequeathed to his successors as a solid basis of public security, has so concentrated our force in that region of the world, that if it be pursued in the spirit with which it was framed; no apprehension need be entertained for the safety of Hindustan. Upon the whole, the eastern horizon begins to be obscured, and the storm of war is evidently moving in that direction. What mighty changes, what sanguinary convulsions, what undreamt-of wonders are yet to be unfolded in that hitherto untrodden scene of European ambition, are concealed in the womb of time.

Imagination may pourtray scenes of delight or woe, according to the sanguine or melancholy dispositions of men; but human reason is baffled in the enquiry. They who see in all the astonishing events of our age, so many attestations of the immediate interference of the Supreme Being, and the course of human affairs bending towards the fulfilment of those prophecies which are recorded in Holy Writ, are now furnished with abundant scope for the exercise of their learning and ingenuity. It is not admitting too much to affirm, that there never was a period in the history of man, since the death of Christ, in which circumstances corresponded, with such striking similitude, to the predictions transmitted to us from age to age, as the genuine productions of the inspired writers. But I am deviating from my peculiar province; and, therefore I leave the consideration of this subject to those, who, by their profession and learning, are best fitted to examine it with care, sobriety, and attention.

N. B. It was my intention to have inserted the article upon the Defence of the Country in this week's number; but, on account of the necessity of carrying on regularly the chain of historical narrative, I have thought it better to postpone it until our next, provided no momentous intelligence shall arrive from the continent, which may call for our immediate judgment.

The Continuation of the Review of Political Literature, though printed, cannot be inserted until next week, for want of room.

STATE PAPERS.

Continued from page 304, Dated Warsaw, August 17.)

After experiencing so many humiliations and misfortunes under a foreign despotism, the powerful and generous protection of Napoleon the great at length restores us to existence; and this breath of life, with which he has just re-animated our body politic, will become the source of that lasting prosperity which the God of our fathers had destined for us in his eternal decrees. He has given us the first pledge of it, by appointing for our sovereign, a monarch who is venerated by the happy inhabitants of the borders of the Elbe; and all other nations will doubtless envy us, under his wise and beneficent government. The Polander will be able to display, in all his enterprizes,, that unalterable firmness of which our ancestors have left us so many examples; that harmony, that constant agreement of hearts and minds which the first of heroes has so often recommended to us; that manly courage which makes us support, with constancy, transitory evils, and which, can alone render us worthy of attaining the glorious end that we propose to ourselves, the nation's felicity': in fine, that unanimity of views and labours which all will have for their object-the general good and prosperity of the nation. It is thus that we shall be able to eternize both the celebrity of the age in which we shall have lived, and the happiness of future generations. We enjoin the directors of the police to publish the present ordinance by the usual means, Done at Warsaw, in the sitting of the 13th of August, 1807.

(Signed)

"STANISLAUS MALACKOWSKI, President, “JOHN LUSZEZEWSKI, Secretary genetal.”

ORDERS RESPECTING THE CONDUCT TO BE OBSERVED DURING THE PRESENT WAK, WITH RESPECT TO ENGLISH GOODS AND PERSONS DETAINED.

For the Duchies of Sleswick and Holstein.

"We, Christian the Seventh, &c. &c. make known by these presents, that as by an order of the 16th ult. all English subjects, ships, goods, money, and monies'-worth, without exception, were to be sequestrated and detained, so we have thought proper, in consequence of further information and consideration, to continue, confirm, and extend the same as follows:

Respecting Persons detained.

1. Every Englishman, without exception, in all our kingdoms and territories, is to be detained.

II. Immediately after such detention, an enquiry is to take place; and if any such persons have obtained the right of Burghers, or possess any immovable property in our kingdoms or territories, they will be required to make oath that they will hold no correspondence with Great Britain, as subjects, and that they will desist from any connection with any of the subjects of Great Britain, directly or indirectly, by letter, &c. This oath being taken, their persons are to be at liberty. Still the government where they reside, are to keep a watchful eye over them, to see that they act consistently with their oath, but in case of their refusal to take the oath, they are to be treated according to the following regulations, with respect to English subjects.

III. The regulations and exceptions before-mentioned, apply to all labourers, manufacturers, mechanics, clerks, &c. of English birth, who are employed by Danes, provided they can obtain caution or security from a Danish Burgher, or any other established person, for their good behaviour.

IV. The native English who enjoy the rights of Burghers, in friendly or neutral states, shall have the choice whether they will take the oath prescribed, or be conducted beyond the frontiers, under the condition not to enter our territory during the war; otherwise they are to be considered as the subjects of Great Britain, and treated accordingly.

V. The English to whom the foregoing sections do not apply, are to be treated as follows:-Military men are to be delivered to the nearest commander-in-chief of the district, &c. &c. Civil persons put under arrest in their houses, are to be asked whether they will undertake to provide for themselves; as in that case the town of Wyburg, in Jutland, is to be assigned them as their residence, till an opportunity offers to send them home.

VI. They are to be conducted to Wyburg, at their own cost, under a proper guard, there to be subject to the general laws of the police, so that within that city and its territory, they may enjoy their personal freedom, giving assurance, once every day, of their being there, to the bailiff or the officer he may appoint to take cognizance of them."

VII Married women and children are, in every respect, to share the fate of their husbands and parents; but whenever they may be arrested, liberty will be given them to walk about the place, to a certain distance.

VIII. Those persons arrested, and able to pay for their own support, will, with proper attendants, have the liberty of taking the fresh air every day.

IX. Those who are possessed of the means, are to support themselves at their own proper cost, and to pay the expenses attending their arrest and confinement.

X. Those who have not the means of supporting themselves, are to be maintained at the public expence; the advances necessary for the same, are to be made by the government of the place.

XI. All persons who receive pay, pensions, &c. from the English government, are to be considered as English subjects.

XII. 'All English property, ships, and goods, without exception, wherever they may be found, and whoever may have the care of them, are to be seized.

XIII. For this purpose, wherever it has not been done already, all persons having English goods in their possession, upon commission or otherwise, shall be bound to give an account of the same within three days after the publication of this notice, to the government of the place, under the penalty of the forfeiture of the said goods, &c.

XIV. The government of each place shall immediately take measures for ascer taining the quantity and quality of the said goods, and prepare an accurate inventory

of the same, in the form of a schedule. Relative to the ships, all their papers and documents are to be kept in safe custody, and an exact catalogue of them made out, XV. In order to ascertain whether the ships or goods detained are actually English property, all persons who can supply any information, shall be examined upon oath, and shall also be compelled to appear, without delay, before the government then summoned for that purpose.

XVI. After this process has been executed, a statement of the same is to be transmitted to a superior tribunal, who are to examine whether the investigation has been duly executed.

XVII. The government of the 'place, in connexion with the officers of the customs, are to be responsible for the safe keeping of the ships and goods detained. But such goods as are liable to be spoiled by keeping, are to be publicly sold, and the value deposited in our treasury.

XVIII. All claims with respect to property, ships, goods, &c. which have been seized, not being made within six weeks, shall be null and void.

XIX. The goods, ships, &c. not claimed within this period, shall be deposited and remain under the inspection of the persons mentioned in the XVIIth Article.

XX. All claims made within the period of six weeks, must be delivered in writing, accompanied by sufficient vouchers of their validity.

XXI. It will be necessary for persons thus claiming property, &c. to be furnished with a certificate from the government of the place to attest that there is nothing of a legal nature against the said claimants.

XXII. Should it appear, upon a minute inspection, that the representations of the claimants are well founded, it will then only be necessary for the claimants to confirm the same by oath. Our courts will then be authorized to remove the sequestration.

XXIII. On the contrary, if our courts consider the representations of the claimants as inefficient, in consequence of their refusal to take the oath, or want proper evidence, the case is to be referred to the superior courts.

XXIV. Any difficulties arising, as to the ships or goods belonging to the claimants, are to be regulated according to the conditions of the XIXth Article.

XXV. All bills of exchange, drawn upon and indorsed by the subjects of Great Britain, shall be duly honoured; however, not that payments shall be made to the presenter of the bills, but to a committee, which shall be appointed to sit at Altona, to take cognizance of this business, and which shall be obliged to investigate and ascertain how far such sums are due to English subjects. In case of failure of evidence, such sums are to be provisionally deposited in our treasury. On the other hand, the amount of the bills to be paid to the persons presenting them.

XXVI. All and every person are hereby commanded, within three days after the publication of this notice, wherever it is not already done, to transmit an account of the debts due to English subjects, whatever nature and quality they may be of; the whole of which must be paid into our treasury. In case of concealment, the person so offending will be proceeded against by the officers of our exchequer.

XXVII. All legal demands which may be made by the subjects of Great Britain, consisting of capitals, annuities, tontines, and interest upon our state paper, the Bank, and every foundation guaranteed by us, shall be duly paid, conformably to the value of the deposits, &c..

XXVIII, All letters, without exception, coming from or going to England, together with those addressed to the subjects of Great Britain, shall be seized wherever they may be found, and immediately transmitted to our officers. They can by no means be forwarded according to their directions.

XXIX. Letters addressed to persons detained in their houses, shall not be delivered to those persons, but be transmitted to the government of the place, who shall be made responsible for such persons having no communication directly or indirectly with England, and also for their not keeping up any correspondence with persons on the continent, which might be prejudicial to us or our states.

XXX. The same conduct which is to be observed by our officers, with respect to persons violating their oaths, as expressed in the theInd article, applies to such persons as may be found offending, in respect to prohibited correspondence by letter." Accordingly, every person whom this may concern, is bound to the strictest observance of these regulations.-Given under our hand and seal, at our Castle of Colding Huus, September 9, 1907. CHRISTIAN REX.

DANISH REGULATIONS.

"We, the undersigned committee, appointed to inspect into the conduct of the persons of the English, and to the superintendance of the English goods, hereby make known and declare, that all and every person, subjects and inhabitants of his majesty's kingdoms and territories, who may have any bills of exchange to honour, that have been drawn or indorsed by any subject of Great Britain, must, according to the order published on the 29th, apply to and pay the same to us, when the concerned will have to await the measures to be adopted for the decision of this business. The committee, which are appointed for this purpose, will meet at the Senate House, every Wednesday and Saturday, and sit from twelve to one o'clock. "W. F. ASPERN. B. A. LIMPRECHT.G. P. SCHMIDT. "J. WILLA. G. L. F. GUEMAN.

"Altona Sept. 23, 1807."

persons

According to the supreme command of his royal highness the crown prince, dated head-quarters, Kiel, Sept. 25, 1807, it is ordered as follows:

"In order for the execution of the regulations adopted with respect to English goods, I hereby authorize the commissioners to make known to all merchants, carriers, &c. and also to all persons who let store-houses, magazines, &c. that they must not fail, within the time appointed, to send in an account of all goods and wares delivered for transit, which they have received since May last, by way of Tonningen, Husum, and Frederickstadt, either on their own account, or on commission. They must also communicate the names of the persons sending such goods, and the place from whence they came, together with the time when, and the place where, it was further intended to send them. The inhabitants of this city, letting out store-houses, magazines, &c. whom this notice may concern, have eight days allowed them to send in the statements required of them, to the Senate-house.

"Altona, Sept. 28, 1807."

"W. F. ASPERN, &C.

PRUSSIAN PROCLAMATION AGAINST BRITISH COMMERCE.

"It is hereby made known to all merchants of this place, that in pursuance of the peace concluded at Tilsit, between Prussia and France, not only all Prussian ports shall be shut aginst English ships, but that also all trade and commerce between Prussia and England must cease. Hitherto they could only be shut up in a private manner, because several Prussian ships were lying in English ports, and it became, therefore, necessary to preserve them, and because several other vessels, laden with provisions, unavoidably required for this country, were still at sea. These obstacles being now removed, we hereby publicly make known, by his royal majesty's command, that this port, in common with all other Prussian harbours, are shut against all ships which are English, or belonging to any individual of the English nation; that under no circumstances and no pretences whatever, an English ship, or even a neutral bottom coming from English ports or English colonies, shall be admitted in the ports of this country; and that no person shall be permitted, on pain of the goods being confiscated, and other severe punishment inflicted, to send goods from this place to any English port or English colony, or to order them to be sent to this port-in short, that no navigation or trade with England, or the English colonies, shall be permitted either in English or neutral bottoms. Now whereas the strict observance and execution of this point, stipulated in the treaty of Tilsit between France and Prussia, has been enjoined to us by his royal majesty in the most rigorous manner, and on pain of being dismissed from our offices, and other severe punishments; therefore, we have strictly directed and instructed all our subordinate officers carefully to watch over all cases of transgression, and as soon as any such cases shall happen and take place, immediately to report them to us. While we thus give the public notice on the said subject, we at the same time advise and warn all merchants of this place not to render themselves guilty of a contravention, which, from the measures we have adopted, will certainly be discovered; and not to expose themselves, on account of a small illicit profit, to the confiscation of their goods, and other severe criminal punishment.

66

Royal Prussian Court of Navigation and Trade. "Memel, September 2, 807.

"BRAHL."

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