and then he stretched himself out as if dead, and let himself be pulled and dragged along as the progress of the piece required. When, from the dialogue and action, he saw that the moment was come, he began to move himself by degrees, as if he awoke out of a profound sleep, raised his head, and looked about him; he then approached the person required by his part, and evinced his joy by his caresses, to the great astonishment of all the spectators, and even of the old Emperor Vespasian, who was at the time in the Theatre Marcellus.

ANTIQUE RING.

The Roman Gazette relates, on the authority of letters from Greece, that a countryman, in the neighbourhood of Corinth, lately struck with his ploughshare against a metal vessel, which contained several ancient coins, and a ring, with an agate of the size of half a saldo. On this agate the naked eye could discover nothing but some very small strokes. A learned traveller purchased the ring, and by the aid of a microscope discovered a most admirable work of art. On the upper side of the stone he found a group of gods, distinguishable by their attributes; and on the lower side, Achilles dragging the dead body of Hector behind his chariot. This discovery affords a fresh proof of the great superiority of the ancients to the moderns in works of this kind.

ANECDOTE OF CHRISTIAN IV. KING OF DENMARK.

Christopher Rosenkranz, in Copenhagen, demanded from the widow of Christian Tuul a debt of 5000 dollars. She was certain that she owed him nothing. But he produced a bond signed by herself and her deceased husband; she declared the bond to be forged. The affair was brought before a court of justice. The widow was condemned to pay the demand. In her distress she

applied to king Christian IV. and said that neither she nor her husband had signed the pretended bond. His majesty promised to take her affair into consideration. He sent for Rosenkranz, questioned him closely, begged, exhorted, but all to no purpose. The creditor appealed to his written bond. The king asked for the bond, sent Rosenkranz away, and promised that he would very soon return it to him. The king remained alone, to examine this important paper, and discovered, after much trouble, that the paper-manufacturer, whose mark was on the bond, had began his manufactory many years after its date. The inquiries made confirmed this fact. The proof against Rosenkranz was irrefragable. The king said nothing about it: sent for Rosenkranz some days after, and exhorted him in the most affecting manner, to have pity on the poor widow, because otherwise the justice of Heaven would certainly punish him for such wickedness. He unblushingly insisted on his demand, and even presumed to affect to be offended. The king's mildness went so far, that he still gave him several days for consideration. But all to no purpose. He was arrested, and punished with all the rigour of the laws.

ANECDOTE. PRESENCE OF MIND.

As the well known Dr. Barth preached for the first time in his native city of Leipzig, he disdained the usual precaution of having his sermon placed in the Bible before him, to refer to in case of need. A violent thunder-storm arising just as he was in the middle of his discourse, and a tremendous clap caused him to lose the thread of his argument, with great composure and dignity he shut the Bible, saying with emphasis, " When God speaks, man must hold his peace:" he then came down from the pulpit, and the whole congregation looked on him with admiration and wonder, as a mighty pillar of the church.

ACUTE DISEASES.

FEBRIS Intermittens, (Intermittent Fever,) 5; Febris Remittens, (Remillat Fever,) 7; Febris Continua, (Continued Fover,) 29; Febris Infantum Remittens, (Infantile Remittent Fever,) 7; Phlegmone, 2; Ophthalmia, (Inflammation of the Eyes,) 4; Cynanche Tonsillaris, 2; Pneumonia (Inflammation of the Chest,) 15; Pneumonia Typhodes, (Typhoid Pneumony,) 4; Pertussis, (Hooping Cough,) 8; Hepatitis, (Inflammation of the Liver,) 2; Rheumatismus Acutus, 1; Icte rus, (Jaundice,) 1; Cholera Morbus, 2; Dys

CHRONIC AND LOCAL DISEASES.

Asthenia, (Debility,) 8; Vertigo, 3; Cephalalgia, (Head-Ach,) 5; Dyspepsia, (Indigestion,) 6; Obstipatio, 13; Colica, 2; Paralysis, 1; Hysteria, 1; Menorrhagia, 1; Hemorrhois, 2; Diarrhea, 6; Leucorrhea, 2; Amenorrhea, 4; Ischuria, (Suppression of Urine,) 2; Ophthalmia Chronica, 3; Bronchitis Chronica, 3; Phthisis Pulmonalis, (Pulmonary Consumption,) 7; Rheumatismus Chronicus, 5; Pleurodynia, 2; Lumbago, 2; Nephralgia, 1; Plethora, 3; Anasarca, (Dropsy,) 1; Hydrothorax, (Dropsy of the Chest,) 1; Scrophula, (King's Evil,) 1; Tumor, 1; Hernia, 1: Exostosis, 1; Vermes, (Worms,) 4; Syphilis, 4; Urethritis Virulenta, 3; Paraphymosis, 1; Contusio, (Bruise,) 6; Stremma, (Sprain,) 2; Fractura, 1; Vulnus, 6; Abscessus, 2; Ulcus, 8; Strophulus, 2; Psoriasis, 1; Erythema, 2; Herpes, 2; Scabies et Prurigo, 14; Porrigo, 3; Eruptiones Variæ, 4.

The weather of this month has been generally fair, and the temperature more elevated than usual:-winds chiefly between southeast and southwest. The quantity of

dials, tonics, or drugs thrown into the already oppressed or polluted stomach, will either be ejected, or will have the effect of increasing the general irritation, and aggravating the very symptoms they were intended to relieve.

During the few hot days at the conclusion of this month, several persons among the labouring poor, and particularly strangers lately arrived from the northern parts of Europe, and who as yet were unaccustomed to the occasional intense heats of our climate, suffered from the imprudent use of cold water. Some perished; but the greater laudanum and brandy, by spiritous fomentations to the region of the stomach and bowels; and in cases where there was any excitement or determination to the head, by the use of the lancet.

inches on a level; what did fall was principally in refreshing showers, sometimes attended with lightning, seldom with thunder. On the 28th the mercury in Fahrenheit's thermometer stood at 90° in the shade, on the 29th at 92°, and on the 30th it attained to the height of 93 1-2 degrees. On ten other days it was between 81 and 86°. The thermometrical range of this interval has been from 55 to 92 1-2 degrees. Average temperature for the whole month 73°. Greatest variation in twenty-four hours 21°. Lowest temperature at 7 o'clock in any one morning 55o, highest 76°; lowest temperature in any afternoon 65°, highest 93 1-2°; lowest temperature at sunset of any day 62°, highest 89°.-Barometrical range from 29.58 to 30.08 inches. The season, which at the commencement of this month was deemed backward, is now sufficiently advanced, and vegetation in general presents a highly luxuriant aspect.

During this interval, the city has been on the whole healthy. The effects of disease on the human constitution have offered little that is remarkable. Since the commencement of summer, inflammatory affections of the organs concerned in respiration have much declined; but pertussis still continues to prevail among children, and fevers, particularly of the remittent and typhoid kind, have been more common than in the preceding month. The cases of typhus, which occurred during the vernal period, were mostly of the mild sort, denominated typhus mitior; but in this month the complaint has shown symptoms of degeneracy, in some cases wearing from its commencement the physiognomy of danger.

Attention to the stomach and bowels constitutes an important step in the management of typhous fever. On the invasion of the complaint, an emetic, followed by a warm sudorific, and in a few hours by a proper aperient, commonly has the effect of disarming the fever of its severity; and, in some instances, totally ally extinguish extinguishes the disease. Without this preliminary step, cor

Some cases of bilious vomiting, of cholera, and of diarrhea have been observed. These, to a limited extent, are doubtless salutary, being an effort of nature to free the stomach and bowels from a quantity of colluvies or offensive materials.

The New-York Bills of Mortality for June report 219 deaths; from

Abscess, 2; Apoplexy, 2; Asthma, 1; Cancer, 1; Caries, 1; Casualty, 1; Childbed, 1; Cholera Morbus, 2; Consumption, 42; Contusion, 1; Convulsions, 8; Cramp in the Stomach, 1; Diarrhea, 2; Drinking Cold Water, 5; Dropsy, 3; Dropsy in the Chest, 4; Dropsy in the Head, 10; Drowned, 9; Dysentery, 1; Dyspepsia, 1; Erysipelas, 1; Fever, 1; Fever, Intermittent, 2; Fever, Remittent, 2; Fever, Typhous, 41; Fistula in perineo, 1; Fracture, 1; Gravel, 1; Hæmorrhage, 1; Hives, 1; Hooping Cough, 9; Hysteria, 1; Infanticide, 2; Inflammation of the Chest, 8; Inflammation of the Bowels, 5; Inflammation of the Liver, 2; Insanity, 3; Intemperance, 1; Locked Jaw, 1; Mortification, 2; Nervous Disease, 1; Old Age, 2; Palsy, 1; Pneumonia Typhodes, 1; Scalded, 1; Scrophula, or King's Evil, 1; Small Pox, 1; Still-born, 13; Sudden Death, 1; Suicide, 2; Tabes Mesenterica, 3; Teething, 2; Ulcer, 2; Unknown, 3; Worms, 3.-Total 219.

Of this number there died 47 of and under the age of 1 year; 10 between 1 and 2 years; 11 between 2 and 5; 3 between 5 and 10; 14 between 10 and 20; 26 between 20 and 30; 38 between 30 and 40; 40 between 40 and 50; 19 between 50 and 60; 6 between 60 and 70; and 6 between 70 and 80.

JACOB DYCKMAN, M.D

New-York, June 30th, 1818.

N

EXT to Forsyth, this is one of the most pleasing publications we have been hitherto presented with on the fallen, but still lovely land to which it relates; and certainly, the interest with which we have perused it, has not been diminished by the reflection that it is the offspring of native taste and talent. It is, in truth, honourable both to the American press and character, and well calculated to rescue both from the unfounded and paltry aspersions which have been cast upon them in Europe. As a literary production, its characteristics are considerable facility and elegance of diction, frequently rising into a strain of rich and lofty eloquence, justness of observation on topics connected with the political and moral state of Italy, a great command of the picturesque in description, and a warmth of imagination that envelopes the whole in an atmosphere of dazzling and seductive brilliancy.

As a picture of Italy, if it do not equal the unrivalled performance of Forsyth, it nevertheless furnishes us with correct and glowing delineations of all that came under the author's observation. But what gives it its chief recommendation in our eyes, is the tone of pure and lofty patriotism, and the sound moral feeling that pervade its pages. While the author evinces the warmest sensibility to the claims of Italy upon his admiration-and pays the ungrudging tribute of his veneration to the splendour of her ancient renown, while VOL. 111. No. 7.

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he dwells with almost enthusiastic delight upon the magnificence of her architecture, and the prodigies of genius which embellish her cities and palaces;-while the exquisite softness and beauty of her climate, elicit from him frequent and rapturous acknowledgments, and seem to have shed over his composition, a congenial balminess;-while he is ever ready to pour forth the most lavish praises on the inherent and, as it would seem, unquenchable intellectuality of the Italians; -still, in the midst of all these witching charms and allurements, whether gazing on the marble wonders of Rome and Florence-inhaling the luxurious atmosphere of Naples-or involved in the enchantments of Venice, still does his heart turn homeward, and comparing with the noble and free institutions of his own country, the degrading and corrupt despotism of Italy-the purity of American principles and manners, with the moral dilapidation of the land of the Scipios his bosom dilates with a feeling of honourable pride; and in the midst of all his classic recollections and transports, it delights us to witness his ardent and sincere devotion to the land of his birth, and to observe the well-spring of his early and patriotic affections unpolluted by the admixture of tainted waters, and still reflecting from their pure and shining surface, the image of his country's virtues and glory. These admirable feelingsand we so pronounce them from our deep rooted conviction of the superiority of America in every thing relating to the dignity and happiness, properly understood, of mankind-break forth in the very commencement of the book, and even the scenery of Italy, luxurious as it is, abounding in all the softer beauties, and deriving additional attractions from its association with so many of our earliest and most delightful impressions, only serves to carry his mind back to the richer and more sublime landscape of America-where, if we meet with fewer indications of the great and illustrious in art and genius, we are in no inconsiderable measure recompensed by the unstinted prodigality with which nature has arrayed her surface; and contemplating the majesty and variety of her works in this her latest and favourite creation, it seems impossible to suppose but that regions so vast in their extent, and magnificent in their form and aspect, and tenanted by a population, active, sagacious, brave, and more intelligent, because better educated, than any people on the face of the earth, will in the progress of time, rival and perhaps surpass even the classic shores of Greece and Italy in every thing that confers upon a country the charm of moral interest and dignity; the light of genius and philosophy will diffuse itself over these immense and fertile tracts, time will shed over a thousand delightful spots the spells of traditionary and historical renown, and a structure of society be built up that will exhibit the human character in all its grace and glory.

With respect to the political discussions of the author, as far as they consider the present condition of Italy, they are, as we have already said, the result of much observation and reflection, and with his opinion as to the melancholy consequences of the Austrian government, the uniform testimony of every intelligent traveller compels us to agree:--but upon one topic we must say we do not think he has spoken with his usual candour and consideration-we allude to the influence of the French Revolution, and the sway of Napoleon, on the fortunes of Italy. He conceives them to have operated to her disadvantage, and the necessary inference from all that he advances upon the subject, is, that her present languish ing state is almost wholly ascribable to the measures pursued by the imperial government. Now, though we by no means wish to be regarded as the apologists of Napoleon, and though we shall be ever among the foremost in condemn

ing those acts of wanton violence and oppression which stained his career, we cannot avoid thinking, that to France and Italy, but more particularly the latter, his dominion was productive of benefits of the most substantial description, and that had not ambition, which Pope, however describes, as

"The glorious fault of angels and of gods." beset him with her tempting baits, occupied every avenue of his soul, and at length precipitated him to destruction, his reign would have proved eminently prosperous to Italy, and that under his rule, she would have gone far towards the redemption of her former dignity and importance. A few observations on that mighty change in the system of Europe, whose consequences are, perhaps, even now but partially unfolded, will not, we conceive, be considered out of place in treating of a country so deeply concerned in its operations.

The French Revolution, originating in the despair of a people trampled in the dust by the government it rose to destroy, could be maintained only by the energy of extraordinary abilities, acting upon immense physical means, and had not the destinies of France been guided by minds of the first magnitude, had not the change itself in her domestic polity, called forth from the bosom of the people men equal to the most imminent crises, and filled her councils with civil wisdom, while it stationed at the head of her armies the finest military talents of Europe,-in fine, had not the entire administration of the public weal been entrusted to the ablest hands, France must have yielded to the force of her contederated enemies, and nearly thirty years before she was fated to drink so deeply of the cup of calamity, beheld her fields blasted by the fires of invasion, and her cities dismantled and plandered by the friends of her present rulers. Nor was this sudden and wide display of talent confined to the field and the cabinet. The glowing and genial impulse extended itself to all classes and professions, and spread with the velocity of the electric fluid through the whole community, whom it animated with a lofty and exulting spirit of self-defence. The barriers which formerly obstructed the paths paths to eminence and distinction, being utterly destroyed, and the invitation of the state to its members to come forward in her cause, being universal in its application, not only were her armies incessantly and cheerfully recruited, but every citizen practising a liberal and useful art, felt it his interest, as it was his most im

a government radically corrupt and despotic, stimulated the neighbouring nations to investigate the abuses and mismanagement of their own-and the spirit of inquiry once roused, proceeded with a rapidity that promised the most favourable results. Its first effects were manifested in the almost unresisted progress of the French army wherever they appeared and so universal at one period, had the dissatisfaction of the people throughout the continent toward their rulers become-so small an interest did they take in a cause in which only the government and its ministers seemed to be concerned that had the invaders act

nanimous spirit that presided in the councils of republican France, or to deny that her mural crown was indebted for no small portion of its lustre to the genius she fostered with a sage generosity. The same system was pursued by the leader whom the exigencies of bis adopted country invested with the purple. The generals -the prefects-the civil and military functionaries of Napoleon were uniformly selected from among the most eminent in merit-the beams of his patronage warmed every department of learning, science, and the arts-and while his throne was environed and supported by the veteran commanders of the republican wars, it was clothed with the reflected light of the talent he encouraged. During five and twenty years was this Imagnificent spectacle exhibited before our eyes, and it would, indeed, have been strange if a period so rich in all that invites and detains contemplation, had passed away without leaving impressions more durable than those of a theatrical pageant. In truth, since the expulsion of the Bourbons, a spirit had arisen in Europe to which she had ever been a stranger, and which soon extended beyond the limits of the country in which it had its birth; it passed the waves and valley of the Rhine-it enlivened the marshes of Belgium-it animated the plains of Germany-it crossed the Alps and Appenine, and wakened the dormant energies of Italian souls: a spirit hostile to all the old political fabrics, and which grew daily more and more inimical to the inveterate defects of the ancient governments-a spirit essentially republican, and at open war with the oppression and prejudices that had so long exercised an undisturbed sway over the mind of Europe. The example of a numerous and powerful people rising with one accord and overturning from its foundations

by their conduct and deportment, that the diffusion of freedom was the real and sole object of their glorious ambition, we do think that a general revolution would have taken place in Europe, and that all those sublime and delightful prospects which the first few moments of the revo

lution in France appeared to hold out to the philanthropist, might have been realised on an ampler and more magnificent scale, and that long before the present period, there would not have been a single region of the old world to which the blessings of liberty would have been unknown. It was a misfortune that can never be too deeply lamented, that a cause so pure and holy should have fallen into hands morally incompetent to its preservation and triumph-and that so splendid an opportunity for establishing the liberties of man upon a broad and lasting basis, should have been lost through the volatility of the principal agents, and their forgetfulness of the principles upon which, indeed, they professed to act, but which their subsequent conduct but too plainly proved them to regard as mere political pretences. The tyranny and spoliation of the French generals-the wanton insolence with which they treated the people-the affronts offered to national feeling-the overweening arrogance and egotism which was perpetually endeavouring to give a Freuch form to every social as well as political institution of the countries which yielded to their arms--soon disgusted the warmest friends of France, and though ker power was still maintained in the conquered provinces, it was upheld rather by fear than by those warm and animated feelings which hailed the first entrance of her armies. The continuance, and perhaps aggravation of this system, under Napoleon, at length entirely weaned the popular mind from his cause, and