General System Theory: Foundations, Development, ApplicationsAllen Lane, 1971 - 311 pagina's |
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Pagina 128
... organism , but that the organism as such cannot be considered as an equilibrium system . The organism is not a closed , but an open system . We term a system ' closed ' if no material enters or leaves it ; it is called ' open ' if there ...
... organism , but that the organism as such cannot be considered as an equilibrium system . The organism is not a closed , but an open system . We term a system ' closed ' if no material enters or leaves it ; it is called ' open ' if there ...
Pagina 156
... organism . The model of the open system can serve as foundation of the laws of pharmacodynamic effects and dose - effect relations ( Loewe , 1928 ; Druckrey and Kuepfmüller , 1949 ; G. Werner , 1947 ) . Furthermore , the organism ...
... organism . The model of the open system can serve as foundation of the laws of pharmacodynamic effects and dose - effect relations ( Loewe , 1928 ; Druckrey and Kuepfmüller , 1949 ; G. Werner , 1947 ) . Furthermore , the organism ...
Pagina 220
... ORGANISM AND PERSONALITY In contrast to physical forces like gravity or electricity , the phenomena of life are found only in individual entities called organisms . Any organism is a system , that is , a dynamic order of parts and ...
... ORGANISM AND PERSONALITY In contrast to physical forces like gravity or electricity , the phenomena of life are found only in individual entities called organisms . Any organism is a system , that is , a dynamic order of parts and ...
Inhoudsopgave
Introduction | 1 |
The Meaning of General System Theory | 29 |
Limitations | 38 |
Copyright | |
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General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications Ludwig von Bertalanffy Fragmentweergave - 1973 |
General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications Ludwig von Bertalanffy Fragmentweergave - 2003 |
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allometric animals appears applied approach aspects atoms basic Bertalanffy biological catabolism causality cell characteristics chemical classical classical physics closed systems complex components consideration considered constant contrast cultural cybernetics decision theory defined differential equations dynamic elements energy entities entropy equifinality equilibrium essentially evolution example experience expressed fact feedback fields formulation functions game theory homeostasis homeostatic human behaviour important increase individual information theory interaction isomorphic kinetics language laws living organism living systems logical Lotka Ludwig von Bertalanffy machine mathematical means mechanisms mechanistic mental metabolic rate modern nature open systems organismic phenomena philosophy physics physiological possible present principle problems processes protein psychology psychophysical quantitative reaction reality regulations relations schizophrenia scientific sense servomechanisms similar so-called social sciences society sociology specific steady structure symbolic system theory teleology theoretical theory of open thermodynamics tion universe vitalistic Volterra whole world picture