General System Theory: Foundations, Development, ApplicationsAllen Lane, 1971 - 311 pagina's |
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Pagina 54
... relations within the complex ; for understanding such characteristics we therefore must know not only the parts , but also the relations . Physical characteristics of the first type are , for example , weight or molecular weight ( sum ...
... relations within the complex ; for understanding such characteristics we therefore must know not only the parts , but also the relations . Physical characteristics of the first type are , for example , weight or molecular weight ( sum ...
Pagina 55
... relations . This means that elements , p , stand in relations , R , so that the behaviour of an element p in R is different from its behaviour in another relation , R ' . If the behaviours in R and R ' are not different , there is no ...
... relations . This means that elements , p , stand in relations , R , so that the behaviour of an element p in R is different from its behaviour in another relation , R ' . If the behaviours in R and R ' are not different , there is no ...
Pagina 124
... relations they show many characteristics of organic life . Some think that in their internal relations also human institutions are destined to become increasingly organic , that human cooperation will approach ever more closely to the ...
... relations they show many characteristics of organic life . Some think that in their internal relations also human institutions are destined to become increasingly organic , that human cooperation will approach ever more closely to the ...
Inhoudsopgave
Introduction | 1 |
The Meaning of General System Theory | 29 |
Limitations | 38 |
Copyright | |
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General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications Ludwig von Bertalanffy Fragmentweergave - 1973 |
General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications Ludwig von Bertalanffy Fragmentweergave - 2003 |
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allometric animals appears applied approach aspects atoms basic Bertalanffy biological catabolism causality cell characteristics chemical classical classical physics closed systems complex components consideration considered constant contrast cultural cybernetics decision theory defined differential equations dynamic elements energy entities entropy equifinality equilibrium essentially evolution example experience expressed fact feedback fields formulation functions game theory homeostasis homeostatic human behaviour important increase individual information theory interaction isomorphic kinetics language laws living organism living systems logical Lotka Ludwig von Bertalanffy machine mathematical means mechanisms mechanistic mental metabolic rate modern nature open systems organismic phenomena philosophy physics physiological possible present principle problems processes protein psychology psychophysical quantitative reaction reality regulations relations schizophrenia scientific sense servomechanisms similar so-called social sciences society sociology specific steady structure symbolic system theory teleology theoretical theory of open thermodynamics tion universe vitalistic Volterra whole world picture