REDUCTION OF ARMAMENTS.

"MR. COBDEN, on an early day, to move that an humble address be presented to her Majesty, praying that she will direct the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to enter into communication with the Government of France, and endeavour to prevent in future that rivalry of warlike preparations in a time of peace which has heretofore been the avowed policy of the two nations; and to promote, if possible, a mutual reduction of armaments."

Our readers will see from the above announcement, which we copy from the public papers, that Mr. Cobden has given notice of his motion on disarmament. It does not go, of course, so far as we could wish, but those who best understand the temper of the House of Commons, are of opinion, that a motion like the above is more likely to be successful than one of a more sweeping and decided character. It certainly would be a great advantage to put a stop to the infatuated rivalry by which two great nations have been, during thirty-six years of peace, laying "heavy burdens, and grievous to be borne," upon the capital, commerce, and industry of their respective populations, in order to keep up proportional, and therefore constantly-augmenting armaments. must not forget that Mr. Cobden has formidable odds against him in that house, when attempting any mitigation, however moderate, of the present military system, and that he ought, therefore, to be vigorously backed by those out of doors, whose cause he is so courageously pleading, amid so many discouragements. We hope our friends will not be wanting on this occasion, especially in respectful but earnest memorials to their representatives.

Town Collection.

Mr. G. Stacey, (2 years) £2 2

We

A WORLD AT PEACE.

Shaping the shadows of dim times to come,
The thoughtful mind forecasts a scene of glory;
Blessings for all no longer heaped on some,
Brighten the chapters of man's future story.

The fiercer passions of the human breast
Melt into love and swell the tide of kindness;
Mercy descends, a warmly welcomed guest,

To those who once had spurned her in their blindness.
War is a fashion of a former age,

Of which the scholar reads with solemn wonder;
And mutely pities, as he turns the page,

The madness that kept man and man asunder.
The weak dwell safely; right prevails o'er might;
Law binds its subjects with a moral fetter:
All for some end of general good unite,
And strive to make the world they live in better.
Is this the phantom of a poet's dream,
That mocks him with a fleeting thrill of pleasure ?
Or does the future with such glories teem,
And even now give earnest of its treasure?
Heaven answers yes! Meanwhile let's do our best
To leave this heir-loom when in dust we moulder;
Man may enjoy unbroken peace and rest
Ere this fair globe has grown a century older.
-From Dickens's Household Words (slightly altered).

0

Mr. Ebenezer Clarke

0 10

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Whitwell, H. M.

1 0 0

0

John F. Burgess

1 1

0

0

Dawson, Mr. Thomas Dyson, Mr. William

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Mrs. Mary Binns

1 1

0

Eddison, Mr. Edward

1 1

0

Mr. Edward White

0 10 6

Ford, Mr. Robert L.

1 1

0

Mr. Nicholas Albright

5 0

Fryer, Mr. Frederick

1 1 0

1 1 0

1 1 0

Major W.Garmul Edwards, (annual)

Ditto, (donation)

0 10 0

1 1 0

Mr. Samuel Fennell

0 10 6

penses of public meet

ing, &c., £5 2s. Od.)

Mr. Ebenezer Smith, (2

Liskeard by Mr. J. Allen.

Mr. William Astbury

0 12 0

Allen, Mr. John

0 10 6

Crouch, Mr. Edward A.

050

50

Eliott, Mary

0 10

6

Eliott, Elizabeth and Mary

0 100 0 10 0

0 10 0

Mr. William Alexander

Mr. William Doubleday

0 10 6

1 0

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Mr. Robert Horne

0 10 6

050

1 1 0

1 0

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Fox, Jane G.

1 1

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Fox, Mr. Robert Were

Sansom, Mary, Tideford

Falmouth, by Mr. L.

Rogers, Mr. Thomas

Jowitt, Mary
Kaye, Mr. Joshua
Kitching, Mr. Joseph

Lupton, C. and H. Marshall, Mr. William Payne, Mr. Richard E. 050 Pease, Mr. Thomas 0 10 0 Tatham,

0 10 0 Tatham,

Squire.

1
Mary Ann
Tatham, Ann, Rawden
Walker, Mr. Thomas
Walker, Mr. Robert

1 0 0 Walker, Elizabeth,
1 0 0

0 5 0 Walker, Mr. Joseph 0 1

Southampton, by Mr. J. E. Lury.

Hotham, Mrs. Sarah

Eliza

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Darley

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Walker, Mr. Benjamin

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Walker, Mr. Thomas, flax

0 10 0

Leeds, by Mr. T. Walker.

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Whiting, Mr. John

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Armistead, Mr. William .

1 1 0

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Wickstead, Mr. Charles Wilson, Mr. John

0 5 0

0 10 0

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5 0

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Bowly, Mr. W. C.

0 10 0

Wilson, Anna, Raw

Cirencester, by Mr. J.

Alexander, Mr. Henry

Bowly, Mr. David.

0 10

1 0 0 Brown.

0 10 0

100

0 15 0

THE

THE ANNUAL MEETINGS OF THE PEACE SOCIETY. The larger portion of the Herald for this month is occupied with a full account of the Annual Meetings. We trust that it will not on that account be less interesting to our readers. Never, certainly, were our anniversary assemblies more satisfactory and encouraging. The meeting for members, on the morning of the 20th, was pervaded by a most genial and kindly feeling, and gave rise to many useful practical suggestions. We heartily wish, indeed, that a larger number of our friends could make it convenient to attend on these occasions. We think that they would find it gratifying to themselves as it would be most pleasant and inspiriting to the Committee and officers, affording as it does an excellent opportunity for friendly interchange of sentiment and feeling on all matters connected with the progress of our great cause.

The meeting at Finsbury Chapel will, we believe, be admitted by all who were present, to have been one of the very best ever held in connection with the Society. The spacious building was well filled in every part by a most intelligent and respectable audience. The speeches were all excellent, and pertinently to the point, and the interest did not flag to the last moment. A very considerable number of foreigners were present, who had been invited to attend by the following notice, which the Committee had issued some days before, in the French, German, and Italian languages, and caused to be widely distributed in such places as they were most likely to attract the attention of those for whom they were intended.

"The Annual Meeting of the Society for the promotion of permanent and universal Peace, will take place at Finsbury Chapel, Moorfields, City, on Tuesday, the 20th of May, at half-past six o'clock. Charles Hindley, Esq., M.P., will take the Chair. As the objects of this Society are such as concern all nations, and are strikingly in harmony with the great pacific enterprise which is now attracting all the peoples of the earth to London, the Committee respectfully invite such foreigners as may be now in the Metropolis to be present on the occasion. Addresses will be delivered in French, German, and Italian. Seats will be specially reserved for the accommodation of foreigners."

In accordance with this announcement, short, but very appropriate and effective addresses were given in the above languages, which added greatly to the interest of the evening. We are happy in being now able to present these to our readers as part of our report. The meeting was, in fact, a sort of Peace Congress in miniature. Not only were France, Germany, Italy, and America represented by men worthy of their respective countries, but the injured race of Africa was most enthusiastically welcomed into the wide brotherhood of humanity in the person of Mr. Garnett. To avoid consuming the time of the meeting, the report of the Society's operations was not read, but a brief oral statement given by the Secretary instead. That document is now, however, printed in full, and will be found, we trust, as well as the proceedings and speeches not without sufficient interest to deserve and repay a careful perusal.

MEETING OF THE MEMBERS, AT THE WHITE HART, BISHOPSGATE STREET, MAY 21ST, 1851.

The attendance was not large numerically, but it comprised some of the most earnest and influential friends of the cause from various parts of the country. EDWARD SMITH, Esq., was voted to the Chair.

The CHAIRMAN remarked, he might have regretted that there were comparatively so few present, did we not know that all great undertakings were worked by a few earnest men. He was gratified by knowing that he was surrounded by such on the present occasion, and he felt convinced that they would prove themselves able to work the enterprise well. The signs around them were very encouraging, for when had there been such a collection of the nations? And there were commercial and other influences at work in their favour, which were evidently teaching mankind that it was their interest to be at peace. He avowed, however, that he had not much confidence in mere commercial influence, for their only solid hope was in the Christian doctrine of Peace; but he felt convinced that influences arising from the present interests of humanity would operate efficiently as auxiliaries to the higher principle on which the cause is based. He thought that one of the most excellent means of spreading our principles, and directing attention to the work in which we are engaged, was one so effectively employed by Elihu Burritt, in obtaining the insertion of suitable paragraphs in the papers on the Continent. These silent communications would appeal to the eye and instruct the minds of thousands, and by making them familiar with the subject of peace, would gradually prepare them for an entire change of opinion regarding the practice of war. He was convinced that the great industrious communities of the country, such as his own town (Sheffield), and others in the North, were alive to the importance of continued peace; for they saw clearly that war would not be merely a severance of family ties, but by cutting off of monetary supplies it would involve many of the largest mercantile houses in confusion, if not in total ruin. Had there been a war with America, as there was reason to apprehend some few years ago, what would have been the condition of the large houses that depended on the American trade, with bills dishonoured and monetary supplies deranged? He also thought that sowing the seeds of peace in the minds of children was one powerful means of advancing the cause; for they would receive the impressions at a time when they would be most effective. He looked to the training of the youthful mind more than to any other as a means of accomplishing the object, and hoped that the earnest labourers in this cause would not overlook this important mode of working. He would not, however, detain them longer, but would call on their active, indefatigable, and excellent Secretary to read the report.

The Rev. HENRY RICHARD then read the report. (See p. 139.) J. T. PRICE, Esq., then moved the first resolution: "That the Report now read be adopted, printed, and circulated, under the direction of the Committee; that it be presented to the public meeting which shall be held in Finsbury Chapel this evening; and that the following be the officers and Committee of the Society for the year ensuing :

"President,-Charles Hindley, Esq., M.P. Vice-Presidents,George W. Alexander, Esq.; Rev. John Jefferson; Edward Smith, Esq.; Rev. John Harris, Principal of the New College, London. Treasurer,-Samuel Gurney, Esq. Secretary,Rev. Henry Richard. Assistant-Secretary,-Mr. Alexander Brockway. Com

mittee; with power to fill up vacancies, and to add to their number, according to Rule VIII. of the Constitution of the Society-General Committee,-William Albright, Esq.; R. D. Alexander, Esq.; Christopher Bowly, Esq.; Samuel Bowly, Esq.; Charles Brewin, Esq.; Rev. John Burnet; Joseph Christy, Esq.; Joseph Cooper, Esq.; Rev. Clement Dukes, M.A.; Joseph Eaton, Esq.; Josiah Forster, Esq.; William Forster, Esq.; William Grimshaw, Jun., Esq.; Robert Jowitt, Esq.; Joseph T. Price, Esq.; Richard Rathbone, Esq.; Henry Sterry, Esq.; Rev. Charles Stovel; John Warner, Esq.; Rev. John Woodwark. Executive Committee,-Mr. Robert Alsop, Jun.; Mr. Joseph Barrett; Mr. R. S. Bendall; Rev. A. Good; Mr. Russell Jeffrey; Mr. John Jones; Mr. John Morland; Mr. Edward Perry; Mr. J. T. Tyler; Mr. A. B. Stevens; Mr. James Wickson. Travelling Agent, Mr. William Stokes.

Mr. PRICE, in moving the resolution, briefly remarked on the desirableness of reading the leading portions of the report at the public meeting in the evening. He thought it a very excellent document.

The cash account was then read by Mr. RICHARD.

ANTHONY WIGHAM, Esq., of Aberdeen, seconded the resolution. He would not detain them more than a few moments. They had heard the very excellent report, and he could not adequately express the sense he had of its value. He had noticed during the reading of the report, that the lecturers and agents of the Society had been confined almost exclusively to England, and he regretted that Scotland and Ireland had been comparatively neglected. In Scotland a door was opened for extensive labour, and he had enjoyed numerous opportunities of noticing how widely the work was progressing in that part of the kingdom. He was pleased to hear, a short time ago from two ladies who were active in collecting for the object, that some officers in the army had most generously subscribed to the cause. It was hardly to be expected that all who favoured the object had come up to their great Christian principle; but, notwithstanding this, there was a growing conviction in favour of peace, and a process was going on that would finally secure the object. A circumstance in favour of this had come to his knowledge. A foreigner of the name of Leoni Levi had been labouring some years in preparing a code of laws for the regulation of commerce among all nations. He had collected a large amount of materials, -had visited various foreign courts,-arranged side by side the laws affecting commerce, and showed the advantages that would result could there be adapted a general code of laws for the regulation of commerce throughout the world. Men of high standing, and eminently qualified to judge of such a work, had spoken highly of it. Its diligent author had sought and obtained an interview with Prince Albert, who, in a most condescending manner, sat down side by side with him, looked over the work with care, and then ordered his secretary to prepare a letter strongly recommending the book. The Prince further assured the author that he would exert his influence among foreign courts to obtain for him any information that he might require. Leoni Levi had also introduced his subject to the Town Council of Glasgow, before whom he delivered, he (Mr. W.) believed, his first lecture. Such was the effect produced upon them by this lecture, that they formed themselves into a Committee to carry out its views. The gentleman is now in London, and has been successful in obtaining the sanction of the house of Baring, and the first merchants in the City; and he could not but rejoice in the success of an object which would conduce so greatly to the advancement of the cause of Peace. RICHARD FRY, Esq., expressed his great gratification at the minence given to the Christian principle of peace in the report. In his opinion this added greatly to its excellence.

The resolution was then put and carried unanimously.

pro

The Rev. Mr. GooD moved the second resolution :-"That this Meeting rejoices in the increased circulation which has attended the enlargement and improvement of the Heraid of Peace, and would commend it to the continued exertions of the friends of the cause in order to secure for it a still wider influence, and also congratulates the Committee on the greater accommodation obtained by the recent addition to the Society's premises for the more efficient management of its rapidly growing business, and hopes that the remaining liabilities may be speedily removed by the generosity of its friends." He undertook to move this resolution without hesitation, not that he had expected to be called upon to speak, but that he felt he was bound to do all he could to forward the cause. The resolution divided itself into two parts: First, it referred to the Herald,

which had been greatly improved. He could affirm this with confidence, having read and examined it attentively since it appeared in its improved form. It referred, in the second place, to the building; to the enlargement of the premises; and he sincerely hoped that the debt would soon be paid off, and the burden removed. Regarding the question of Peace, he was no less attached to it now than when he first became associated with it. He could not but admit that the Hungarian war deeply excited his sympathies, and another circumstance had much affected him during the past week, a sentiment uttered at a public meeting, that "there were worse things in the world than war;" and that this should be put forth by ministers of the Gospel of Peace, excited his utmost regret. The Ilungarian war did not shake his faith in Peace principles, nor did such sentiment of some ministers of the Gospel affect his confidence of the truth of his convictions. He alluded to these matters for practical purposes, and not merely to state his personal opinions; for they had led him to review the ground of his own conclusions, and he believed that frequently to review their convictions would tend to confirm their principles and increase their influence. He also thought that we should do well to take little children by the hand, and indoctrinate their minds with peaceful sentiments, for, after all, we must look to the rising generations to complete the work which we had begun.

RICHARD FRY, Esq. seconded the resolution.

HENRY PEASE, Esq. could confirm the opinions of those who had already spoken, of the utility and improvement of the Herald of Peace, and thought that the Committee deserved their thanks for the improvement they had made in that publication.

JOSEPH STURGE, Esq., (who, on Mr. Smith's being obliged to leave, had taken the chair), expressed the pleasure he felt at the remarks of Mr. Pease. Some friends of his had thought that the Herald might be made still more useful if a cheaper edition were prepared for sale at railway stations; and it appeared to him, that paragraphs occasionally inserted in the newspapers would aid considerably in furthering the cause.

Mr. L. CHAMEROVZOW recommended that means should be adopted to interest the booksellers in the sale of the Herald.

Mr. STOKES could bear testimony to the readiness with which booksellers engaged to sell and circulate the publications of the Peace Society. He had waited on gentlemen in that branch of trade in most parts of England, and while he had never in any one instance met with a refusal, he had received numerous and gratifying proofs of an earnest desire to co-operate in disseminating peaceful principles throughout the land.

Mr. BARRETT strongly recommended that Mechanic and Literary Institutions should be interested in the Herald of Peace, and he thought it would be well if the friends of the cause would supply those important bodies with copies of that work.

The resolution was put from the chair and carried unanimously. The third resolution was moved by Dr. Lovel :-" That this Meeting fully approves of the decision of the Committee in securing the entire services of their able and valued Secretary, and trusts that the devotion of his undivided energies to the duties of the Society will be productive of beneficial results to its widely extending operations." The Dr. remarked, that were the Secretary not present he should say more on this subject than he could on this occasion. No one who knew that gentleman, and was at all acquainted with his industry and abilities, could for a moment question the propriety of this resolution; he therefore had great pleasure in moving its adoption.

EDWARD THOMAS, Esq. would cheerfully second the resolution. He could support it with great propriety; for when a gentleman at Bristol had delivered a lecture in favour of war, and it was thought desirable that it should be answered, they looked round for a suitable person to do this work, and they could not select a gentleman so fitted in all respects for the undertaking as Mr. Richard. His services were obtained, and he could speak to the highly satisfactory manner in which the duty had been discharged.

RICHARD FRY, Esq. was able to confirm the remarks of Mr. Thomas as to the excellence of the reply of Mr. Richard to the Bristol lecturer, and he could scarcely conceive of a greater benefit that could be conferred upon the Peace cause than circulating the Bristol lecture, with Mr. Richard's reply.

The resolution was put from the chair and passed with warm unanimity.

Mr. RICHARD proposed, and Mr. JONES Seconded, that the name

of the Rev. Mr. Good should be added to the Executive Committee.

Carried unanimously.

Thanks were voted to the Chairman, and the Meeting closed.

THE REPORT.

GREAT moral reforms that are to be wrought by the diffusion of truth and the power of principle must, from their very nature, be of slow and gradual growth. Dependent for their success upon winning the intelligent suffrage of men's minds and hearts, they must be content with a process which is painful and protracted; but they have an ample compensation for this comparative tardiness of development, in the deep and lasting nature of the results they produce. Revolutions effected by physical force may rush over the earth with the sudden and desolating sweep of the tornado. But their effects are, happily, as evanescent as they are violent. But the conquests of truth, if slow, are far more enduring, and resemble rather the genial and expansive power of vernal vegetation, which works silently and imperceptibly, but with a permeating and resistless energy, which day by day upheaves and spreads its countless delicate blades to the sun until the whole earth is covered with verdure and fruitfulness. Those who are engaged in an enterprise like ours have need to be perpetually reminded of this, lest we be betrayed into premature despondency. Immediate, visible, results is what the sarcastic incredulity of foes, and sometimes the petulant impatience of friends demand. But we know that the seed-time and harvest are separated by a long interval, and though we may have to tarry for a while, as sure as there is an undying vitality in truth as sure as the ordinances of God are immutable as his nature, so sure is it that in due season we shall reap if we faint not." The Committee would now present the record of their operations for the past year in as clear and condensed a form as possible. Almost immediately after the last annual meeting it became necessary to commence preparations for the Peace Congress that was to be held at Frankfort-on-the-Maine, in the month of August, according to the resolution of the Paris Congress in the year preceding. Acting, as heretofore, in concert with other friends not immediately belonging to the Peace Society, the Committee deemed it right to concentrate all their efforts for the time to secure the successful accomplishment of this important undertaking.

On the 12th of June, a Conference of the friends of Peace was held at the Hall of Commerce, when the Peace Congress Committee was re-constituted, and immediate steps recommended to be taken for beginning operations in Germany. That meeting

having appointed Mr. Elihu Burritt and your Secretary as the joint Secretaries of their Committee; these gentlemen, in accordance with the resolution of the Conference, soon after proceeded to the Continent. They first visited Paris and Brussels, to confer with the friends of Peace in those cities, in reference to the approaching Congress, and there they had the happiness of meeting a large number of distinguished men, whom they found full of earnest and unabated zeal in relation to the great enterprise to which they had previously committed themselves.

Encouraged by these indications of sympathy, and the cordial promise of co-operation they received, they reached Frankfort towards the latter part of June, and entered without delay upon the work committed to their care. Many circumstances concurred to make them feel deeply how anxious and arduous was the enterprise in which they were engaged. Intense political excitement prevailed throughout Germany. War-clouds were gathering thick and fast on the Northern_horizon, which in a few weeks burst with desolating fury over Denmark and SchleswigHolstein. The governments of the country were sensitive and alarmed, and looked with jealousy and apprehension on anything approaching to a popular assembly. Frankfort itself was filled with Austrian, Prussian, and Bavarian troops. The minds of the people were every where greatly agitated and inflamed, and it was doubtful how far it would be possible, amid the gathering tumult, to win a calm audience for the still small voice of peace and love, which the deputation were commissioned to speak. In addition to all which they were utter strangers to the city, having scarcely a single personal acquaintance amongst its inhabitants. And yet, inauspicious as were these appearances, by the blessing of Him in whose hands are the hearts of all men, they and their mission met,

from the very first, with only favour and success from all the parties to whom they applied for aid. The official authorisation of the Frankfort senate for holding the Congress was instantly and unhesitatingly given. A body of highly respectable gentlemen in the city most readily formed themselves into a committee of preparation; the Consistory of the Lutheran Church generously granted the use of St. Paul's Church for the meetings; the Governments of France, Belgium, and Prussia, with graceful and ready courtesy accorded permission for the whole Peace party from England to traverse their respective territories, without passports or customhouse inspection, and every thing concurred so auspiciously as to disappoint the fears of the most timid and to exceed the hopes of the most sanguine. The needful preliminary arrangements having been made at Frankfort, Mr. Burritt and Mr. Richard, joined for a part of the journey by that devoted friend of the cause, Mr. Visschers of Brussels, visited most of the leading German cities, including Darmstadt, Heidelberg, Manheim, Worms, Giessen, Cassel, Halle, Leipsic, Dresden, Berlin, Potsdam, Hamburg, Hanover, Cologne, Bonn, Bamberg, Nuremburg, Augsburg, Munich, Ulm, Stuttgard, and others. During this tour they had an opportunity of bringing the subject of their mission before the minds of a large number of men of high character and influence, some of whom were induced by that means to come to the Congress, and a much larger number, we hope, led to look on the question of international peace with new and deeper interest.

Of the Congress itself, it is not too much to say, that it was a magnificent and memorable assembly. Within the marble columns of that majestic edifice, once consecrated to the idea of German unity, but then filled with the embodiment of a far nobler idea, were seen the representatives of almost all the civilized nations of the world: French, English, Germans, Italians, Belgians, Dutch, Danes, Swedes, Americans, white and black, gathered, not as they had been often wont in former times, actuated by mutual hatred, and intent on mutual destruction, but mingling their sympathies and counsels in the most perfect harmony, and feeling that even amid all the diversity of tongues which prevailed in the assembly they understood each other's thoughts by a language more quick, and thrilling, and eloquent than that of words, which ran like the electric spark through all hearts and fused them

into one.

The ordinary operations of the Society in holding public meettings, delivering lectures, distributing tracts, and conducting an extensive correspondence with the friends of Peace, in all parts of the world, have been carried on during the past year with great diligence. The usual course of winter lectures in London has been delivered at the Hall of Commerce, to respectable and attentive audiences, by Mr. Samuel Bowly of Gloucester, Rev. Thomas Spencer, Rev. Dr. Massic, and the Secretary of the Society. Το the gentlemen who so ably and promptly rendered this valuable service to the cause of Peace, the Committee would offer their most earnest thanks. Mr. Stokes has continued his labours throughout the year with unabated vigour. At the period of the last annual meeting, he was engaged in the populous district of Lancashire and Cheshire, among the large towns of which, such as Liverpool, Manchester, Warrington, &c., he was still actively employed when his services were required in London, by the pressure of business arising out of the approaching Congress at Frankfort. The Secretary being engaged on the Continent in preparing for that assembly, his duties at home devolved upon Mr. Stokes, who was thus occupied until some time after the close of the Congress. He then resumed his engagements in the provinces, commencing with Oxfordshire, and holding meetings in the towns of Banbury, Shipstonon-Stour, Chipping-Norton, Brailes, and Moreton-in-the-Marsh. He then proceeded to lecture in various towns of Lincolnshire, Yorkshire, and Durham, and subsequently joined the Secretary in meetings at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and other populous places in the North. At the commencement of the present year, he took an extensive tour in the West of England, and on his way lectured to large audiences at Worcester, Gloucester, Cirencester, and Bath, where his services were received with great kindness and cordiality. In Somersetshire, Devonshire, and Cornwall, he lectured in no less than twenty-four of the largest towns, and visited a considerable number more in order to prepare places for future operations. On the termination of this long tour, he renewed his exertions in the Midland Counties, by delivering several lectures at Birmingham, and at Bilston, Wolverhampton, and Shiffnall; but the increasing business occasioned by the approaching Congress in London, has