sureana, F. leucontathoma, F. quercifolia, F. glomerata, F. policarpa, F. Sycomorus, F. Vagneri, F. Neumanni, F. gigantea, F. salicifolia, F. laurifolia, F. capensis and F. vasta. The periderm of the leaf petioles in every case was found to develop from the layer of cells immediately beneath the epidermis, the brown, withered walls of the epidermal cells persisting on the surface. The periderm of the branches is formed at the same time or slightly later than that of the petioles, and likewise originates from the subepidermal tissue, but continues to increase in thickness after the leaves have fallen. The early formation of periderm in the leaf petioles of exotic species of Ficus serves to limit transpiration and aid in protecting the leaf tissues from drying.-Edith K. Cash.

4146. LAVIALLE, P., et J. DELACROIX. La paroi du pistil et du fruit dans le genre Euphorbia. [The wall of the pistil and the fruit of the genus Euphorbia.] Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 175: 179–181. 1922.-Detailed descriptions of these organs are given. In the structure of the ovary and fruit, the Euphorbiaceae are believed to show a relationship to the Malvaceae, especially to the tribe Bombaceae. In like manner they seem to be related to the Rutaceae.— C. H. Farr.

4147. MIRANDE, MARCEL. Sur l'origine morphologique du liber interne des Nolanacées et la position systématique de cette famille. [The morphological origin of the internal wood of the Nolanaceae and the systematic position of this family.] Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 175: 375-376. 1922.-The vascular structure of 3 species of Nolana is described. In the characters here studied this family is more like the Solanaceae than the Convolvulaceae, and it is suggested that the family be placed between the Boraginaceae and the Solanaceae.-C. H. Farr.

4148. NEGER, F. W. Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Baues und der Wirkung der Lentizellen II. [Structure and function of lenticles II.] Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 40: 306–313. Fig. 1-2. 1922. In this 2nd paper [see Bot. Absts. 9, Entry 872] the author describes the lenticels on the aerial roots of Philodendron and discusses the literature. Lenticel-like intumescences on the lower surface of the phyllodia of species of Acacia are interpreted as adaptations which function as stomata in the exchange of gases under greenhouse conditions.-Infections were produced through lenticels on twigs of Acer and Aesculus which had been inoculated with pure cultures of conidia of Nectria cinnabarina.-W. C. Muenscher.

4149. NICOLAS, G. Contribution à l'étude des synanthies. [Contribution to the study of synanthy.] Rev. Gén. Bot. 35: 49-56. 1923.-Synanthy as found in Narcissus Tazetta was studied morphologically and anatomically. The author is of the opinion that synanthy may be caused by deficient nutrition.-J. C. Gilman.

4150. RIMBACH, A. Lebensweise von Chloraea membranacea. [Seasonal growth of Chloraea membranacea.] Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 40: 322-326. Fig. 1-6. 1922.-The author describes the growth of this orchid from seed sown in flower pots. Under natural conditions in Uruguay, the leaves appear in March on the rhizome which has remained dormant during the warm, dry January and February. In August the leaves begin to die and by October the inflorescence appears from among the dying leaves. Blossoming begins in November and lasts about 3 weeks. After the fruit matures and the seed are disseminated, in December, the fruit stalk drops off and the plant remains dormant, without aerial organs, through the summer.-W. C. Muenscher.

4151. SCHÜRHOFF, P. N. Zur Phylogenie des angiospermen Embryosacs. [Phylogeny of the embryo-sac in angiosperms.] Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 37: 161-169. 1919.-Various views regarding the significance of the contents of the mature embryo-sac of angiosperms are discussed, but none offer any explanation of the derivation of this organ from the female haploid generation of gymnosperms. According to the author the egg corresponds to the egg of gymnosperms. One synergid is the homologue of the ventral canal cell; the other is a later delimited cell of the many-nucleate prothallium. The polar nuclei are the remains of the manynucleated, cellular, undifferentiated prothallium. The antipodals correspond to the cellular prothallium of gymnosperms.-W. C. Muenscher.

4152. SCHÜRHOFF, P. N. Zur Polyembryonie von Allium odorum. [Polyembryony in Allium odorum.] Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 40: 374-381. 1923.-A large number of embryos occur in the antipodal end of many embryo sacs of Allium odorum which possess the diploid number of chromosomes, in contrast with the haploid condition present in the normal embryo-sac nuclei. These antipodal embryos are adventitious embryos originating from the vegetative budding of the outer layers of the inner integument of the nucellus.-M. E. Stratton.

4153. SOUÈGES, RENÉ. Embryogénie des Caryophyllacées. Les premiers stades du développement de l'embryon chez le Sagina procumbens L. [Embryogeny of the Caryophyllaceae. The early stages in the development of the embryo of Sagina procumbens.] Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 175: 709-711. Fig. 1-18. 1922.-A figure of each successive cell-division is given accompanied by a careful description of each stage. [See also following entry.] -C. H. Farr.

4154. SOUÈGES, RENÉ. Embryogénie des Caryophyllacées. Les derniers stades du développement de l'embryon chez le Sagina procumbens L. [Embryogeny of the Caryophyllaceae. The later stages in the development of the embryo of Sagina procumbens.] Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 175: 894-896. Fig. 19-34. 1922.-This continuation [see preceding entry] carries the embryo to the final stage, as it is found in the seed.-C. H. Farr.

4155. SOUÈGES, RENÉ. Embryogénie des Malvacées. Développement de l'embryon chez le Malva rotundifolia L. [Embryogeny of the Malvaceae. Development of the embryo of Malva rotundifolia.] Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 175: 1435-1436. Fig. 1–14. 1922.— The author describes and figures the development of the embryo of this species. This is found to be absolutely identical with that of Senecio vulgaris and Urtica pilulifera.-C. H. Farr.

4156. SOUÈGES, RENÉ. Recherches embryogéniques sur l'Hippuris vulgaris L. [Embryological researches on Hippuris vulgaris.] Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 175: 529–532. Fig. 1-17. 1922.-The development of the embryo of this plant is much like that of Veronica arvensis.-C. H. Farr.

4157. SPESSARD, Earl AUGUSTUS. Prothallia of Lycopodium in America II. L. lucidulum and L. obscurum var. dendroideum. Bot. Gaz. 74: 392-413. Pl. 16-18. 1922.-Prothallia of L. lucidulum were found in quantity at certain stations in Michigan. They occur in small patches from 1 of which 153 individuals were taken. The habitat is drier than that occupied by the adult sporophytes. The sporophytes migrate to moister conditions through gemmae originating from occasional survivals of egg-initiated sporophytes in wet years. Histological studies of the prothallia are presented. The prothallia are monoecious, the sex organs appearing in acropetal succession. The prothallia of L. obscurum var. dendroideum are much rarer, only 37 being found here. They occur in soils very diverse with regard to humus content, but soils which the author believes to be slightly drier than those carrying the sporophytes. The antheridia, and to a less extent the archegonia, occur in unusually large masses, the excess size of which may be related to the influence of the symbiotic fungus which was noted to invade this region. In L. lucidulum spore-like bodies of an endophytic fungus are present in half of the cells, the other half carrying the mycelium. This condition does not obtain in L. obscurum, where all the cells bear mycelial material. The taxonomic position of the fungi is still in doubt but the writer regards them as Ascomycetes rather than Oomycetes, as others have heretofore done.-B. W. Wells.

4158. STOMPS, THEO. J. Blattbecher, Sprossbecher und Stengelbecher. [Leaf-pitchers, shoot-pitchers and stem-pitchers.] Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 40: 264–268. 1922.-A brief discussion is given of what appear to be misinterpretations of some of the author's views regarding the nature and origin of certain pitcher-like modifications of some plant organs.-W. C. Muenscher.

4159. VUILLEMIN, PAUL. La petalosteme. [The petalostem.] Compt. Rend. Acad Sci. Paris 175:558–561. 1922.—The portion of the flower which the petals and stamens comprise is termed the petalostem. It is considered to originate from the frond, rather than from the leaf, as do the sepals and floral bracts. Petals and stamens may intergrade, but their metamorphoses into sepals is regarded as illusory. An evolutionary series of floral types is given which sets forth the transformations of the petalostem.-C. H. Farr.

MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF ALGAE

E. N. TRANSEAU, Editor

L. H. TIFFANY, Assistant Editor

(See also in this issue Entries 3747, 3772, 3779, 3814, 4187, 4232, 4234, 4471, 4488, 4510, 4566, 4585, 4629, 4634, 4683, 4705, 4713)

4160. HAMEL, G. Sur quelques particularités de la flore algologique de Saint-Malo. [On certain particulars in the algal flora of Saint-Malo.] Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 175: 1091-1093. 1922.-Codium Bursa, Cladophora prolifera, and Solieria chordalis are reported for this locality and their distribution is discussed. Certain other species are reported from this vicinity as their northern limit, such as Gelidium sesquipedale, Gigartina Teedii, Polysiphonia subulifera, and Zanardinia collaris.-C. H. Farr.

4161. NICOLAS, G. Un nouvel hôte du Phyllosiphon Kühn. [A new host for Phyllosiphon.] Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 175: 46-47. 1922.-This siphonaceous alga is a parasite on the leaves of certain aroids. Phyllosiphon Arisari has been known to occur on 2 species of Arisarum and on Arum maculatum. It is now found in Algeria on Arum italicum. A description of the appearance of the parasite and the host is given.-C. H. Farr.

4162. PUYMALY, A. DE. Adaptation à la vie aérienne d'une Conjuguée filamenteuse (Zygnema peliosporum Wittr.). [The adaptation to aerial life of a filamentous conjugate, Zygnema peliosporum.] Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 175: 1229–1231. 1922.-This alga, resembling Zygnema Ericetorum var. terrestre, grows on the ground forming a webby structure. The filaments secrete a gelatin which agglutinates the threads together and effectively resists desiccation. Reproduction is by akinetes; zygospores are rare.-C. H. Farr.

4163. TAYLOR, WM. RANDOLPH. Recent studies of Phaeophyceae and their bearing on classification. Bot. Gaz. 74: 431-441. 1922.-After a review of recent work on the life histories of Phaeophyceae by Sauvageau, Drew, Killian, Williams, Kylin, Kuckuck, Pascher, and Ikari, the author proposes a classification of the group based on the newer morphological findings. The orders Phaeosporales and Cyclosporales are retained. The former is divided into 3 suborders, (1) Ectocarpineae (8 families), with morphological alternation of similar generations shown or inferred to be present; (2) Dictyosiphonineae (1 family), with morphological alternation of dissimilar generations present or inferred, the sporophyte exceeding the game tophyte in size; (3) Cutlerineae (1 family), with morphological alternation of similar or dissimilar generations present, gametophyte, when different, larger thanthe sporophyte, growth trichothallic. The order Cyclosporales is divided into 3 suborders each with one family: (1) Dictyotineae, with morphological alternation of similar generations; (2) Laminarineae, with morphological alternation of dissimilar generations, gametophyte smaller than the sporophyte; (3) Fucineae, with only cytological alternation of generations.-I. F. Lewis.

MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF BRYOPHYTES

ALEXANDER W. EVANS, Editor

(See also in this issue Entries 3754, 3755, 3779, 4246, 4629, 4634, 4683)

4164. AMANN, J. Fissidens Mnevidis Amann, sp. nova. Rev. Bryologique 49:51. 1922. -The new species described under the above name was based on material collected by P. Jaccard in the valley of the Nile, Egypt. It is assigned to the section Bryoideum C.M.-A.W. Evans.

4165. AMANN, J. Le Cinclidotus danubicus en Suisse. [Cinclidotus danubicus in Switzerland.] Rev. Bryologique 49: 49, 50. 1922.-The discovery of Cinclidotus danubicus Schiffner & Baumgartner, a species new to Switzerland, is announced on the basis of specimens collected by E. Seiger at Basel. The species is briefly characterized, and the cellular indices of the various European species of Cinclidotus are tabulated.-A. W. Evans.

4166. ANDREWS, A. LEROY. Additions to the bryophyte flora of Iceland. Bryologist 26: 4. 1923.-The author reports 1 hepatic and 2 mosses as additions to the list given by Hesselbo in the Bryophyta of Iceland [see Bot. Absts. 1, Entries 470, 1040].—E. B. Chamberlain.

4167. ANDREWS, A. LEROY. The status of Gyroweisia in North America. Bryologist 25: 97-100. 1922.-Gyroweisia as a generic name has no valid status as it is antedated by Weisiodon Schimp. Gyroweisia tenuis Schimp. does not occur in North America, reports of it being due to errors in determination. G. Barbula (Schwaegr.) Par., G. brevicaulis (Hpe.) Broth., G. obtusifolia (Hpe.) Broth., and G. barbulacea (C. M.) Broth., all species of tropical America, do not belong in the genus, and their exact status is at present uncertain. If Weisiodon is extended beyond its original application, it should probably include Dactylhymenium Pringlei (E. G. Britton) Card. of Mexico, Gyroweisia boliviana R. S. W. of the Andes, and Didymodon tophaceus (Brid.) Jur. of western North America.-E. B. Chamberlain.

4168. ANDREWS, A. LEROY. Two additions to the Bermuda flora. Bryologist 26: 6. 1923. The author reports Octoblepharum albidum (L.) Hedw. and Bryum murale Wils. as additions to the flora of Bermuda and notes new localities for 2 other mosses and for 2 hepatics.E. B. Chamberlain.

4169. BRITTON, ELIZABETH G. Notes on Fissidens, II. Bryologist 26:1. 1923.-Fissidens palmatus (Sw.) Hedw. is apparently endemic in Jamaica and known only from the original collection. Material from St. Thomas and Cuba reported under the above name belongs to Fissidens Kegelianus C. M., a common species of subtropical and tropical America. The synonymy and distribution of the latter species are outlined.-E. B. Chamberlain.

4170. CONKLIN, GEO. HALL. Report of the Curator of the Hepatic Herbarium. Bryologist 26: 10-11. 1923.—In recapitulating the additions to the herbarium of the Sullivant Moss Society, the author mentions localities for a few uncommon hepatics.-E. B. Chamberlain.

4171. DISMIER, G. Note sur le Zygodon conoideus (Dicks.) Hook. et Tayl., d'après le travail M. N. Malta. [Note on Zygodon conoideus, based on the work of Mr. N. Malta.] Rev. Bryologique 49:61-64. 1922.-The author reviews a recent paper by Malta on the distribution of Zygodon conoideus [see Bot. Absts. 11, Entry 2671] and cites the species from several additional localities in France, 7 different departments being represented. He calls particular attention to the propagula of Zygodon, as described by Malta, and emphasizes the importance of these organs in distinguishing closely related species.-A. W. Evans.

4172. Локтуровскій, В. С. [DocTUROWSKY, W. S.] Мхи торфяныхъ болотъ Полѣсья Минской и Волынской губ. [The mosses of the peat bogs of Polesia in the Provinces Minsk and Wolyn.] Выстникь торяного Лbла [Reports on Peat] 3/4. 1916. [With French summary.]-In this paper 111 species of mosses are listed, 23 belonging to the genus Sphagnum, and their distribution in various associations is described. The determinations were made by V. F. Brotherus and H. Lindberg.-W. S. Docturowsky.

4173. GARDET, G. Sur l'extension vers l'Est, d'une bryacée d'allure méridionale: Conomitrium Julianum Montagne. [On an extension toward the East of a bryophyte having a southern appearance: Conomitrium Julianum.] Rev. Bryologique 49: 65, 66. 1922.-The author records the discovery of the aquatic Conomitrium Julianum at Jussey (Haute-Saône) and at Voisy (Haute-Marne), these stations extending the known range of the species into the eastern part of France.-A. W. Evans.

4174. LOESKE, L. Haplolepideen und Diplolepideen in bryo-systematischer Beziehung. [Haplolepideae and Diplolepideae fron the standpoint of moss taxonomy.] Bot. Archiv 4: 110-112. 1923.-The distinctions between the Haplolepideae and the Diplolepideae are based on differences in the peristome and were first pointed out by Philibert in 1884. In the typical Haplolepideae the peristome is single and each tooth is derived from 1 external row of cells and 2 internal rows; in the typical Diplolepideae the peristome is double and each tooth of the outer peristome is derived from 2 external rows and 1 internal row. In the author's opinion these distinctions have been much overrated by taxonomists, and peristomes of identical structure may sometimes be found in genera that would not be considered closely related, if their gametophytic characters were taken into consideration. Similarity in the structure of the peristome may therefore represent a convergence-phenomenon and have but little phylogenetic significance.-A. W. Evans.

4175. LORENZ, ANNIE. Some Hepaticae from Grand Manan N. B. Bryologist 26: 5. 1923.-A list of 25 species from the island of Grand Manan, New Brunswick, is given, the local distribution of each species being indicated. The report is based on a collection made in 1922 by W. R. Taylor and the only rarity included is Diplophyllum albicans (L.) Dum.-E. B. Chamberlain.

4176. NICHOLSON, W. EDW. Mosses and hepatics near Aviemore, East Inverness. Rev. Bryologique 49:54-58. 1922.—The region reported upon was explored by the author and H. H. Knight during July, 1921. It is situated about midway between the east and west coasts of Scotland and is too dry to yield a full representation of the so-called Atlantic species, only 3 of which were collected. The mosses enumerated number 34 and the hepatics 58. Each species is accompanied by data regarding stations, and occasional critical remarks are interpolated.— A. W. Evans.

4177. PEARSON, WM. HY. Swiss hepatics. Rev. Bryologique 49: 59–61. 1922.—A small collection of Hepaticae made in July, 1922, by P. G. M. Rhodes in the St. Bernard region of Switzerland is reported upon. The species listed number 15 and are accompanied by full data regarding localities and occasionally by critical remarks. Under Lophozia Lyoni (Tayl.) Steph. the new variety subaequiloba Meylan is described.-A. W. Evans.

4178. TRABUT, L. Deux Funariacées nouvelles. [Two new Funariaceae.] Rev. Bryologique 49: 64, 65. 2 fig. 1922.-The author describes and figures 2 new Algerian mosses under the names Funaria deserticola and Physcomitrium longicollum, comparing the Funaria with F. attenuata and the Physcomitrium with P. acuminatum.-A. W. Evans.

4179. WILLIAMS, R. S. Brachymenium condensatum, sp. nov. Bryologist 26:2-3. Pl. 1. 1922. A new moss from Mexico is described and figured under the above name. The species was based on material collected by C. G. Pringle at Patzuaro (No. 762) and is allied to B. imbricatifolium C. M.-E. B. Chamberlain.

Proc.

4180. YUNCKER, T. G. Additions and corrections to the list of Indiana mosses. Indiana Acad. Sci. 1921: 155, 156. 1922.-The author's list of Indiana mosses has already been abstracted [see Bot. Absts. 10, Entry 997]. In the present paper 7 additional species and varieties for Indiana and 18 for Monroe County are enumerated, and 6 records in the earlier list are corrected. The additions are taken from a paper published by F. L. Pickett in 1915.—F. C. Anderson.