of the Carlovingian line; and of the conquests of the Lombards by Charlemagne, which gave him possession of Italy. Mahomet also lived during this period; his successors conquered Persia, Syria, Palestine, Sicily, the northern parts of Africa, and settled in Spain.

ELEVENTH PERIOD.

The eleventh period comprehends two hundred and ninety-seven years, and extends from the time that Charlemagne received the imperial crown from the hands of the Pope to the first crusade, A. D. 1097.

It contains the history of the loss of Italy and Germany, and also of Burgundy, by the successors of Charlemagne; of the power which the Popes now began to acquire over the clergy, and even over the princes, of Europe, and of the disputes between the Popes and the Patriarchs of Constantinople; the extinction of the Carlovingian race by the election of Hugh Capet to the throne of France; and the conquest of England by William, duke of Normandy; the conversion of the Danes and Swedes to Christianity, which first began to be known during this period.

TWELFTH PERIOD.

The twelfth period comprehends three hundred and three years, and extends from the beginning of the Crusades to the year 1400, which finishes the middle ages.

It contains the history of the crusades, or the expedition of the Europeans to recover the holy land from the Turks, who had conquered it; of the disturbances between the Guelphs and Gibellines; the disputes which arose in the Christian church, and occasioned the election of two popes at the same time; and of the Latin emperors at Constantinople; of the conquests of Ireland and Wales by the English; and of their victories in France during the reign of Edward the Third; of Margaret of Waldemar, the Semiramis of the North; and of the conquests of Zengis Khan, and his suç, cessors, in Asia.

MODERN HISTORY,

THIRTEENTH PERIOD.

THE thirteenth period comprehends one hundred and nineteen years, and extends from the year 1400 to the election of Charles the Fifth, as emperor of Germany, A. D. 1519.

It contains the history of Tamerlane and Bajazet, and the taking of Constantinople by the Turks; the invasion of France by Henry the Fifth; the wars between the houses of York and Lancaster; and the election of Henry the Seventh to the throne of England: of the Russians having shaken off the yoke of the Tartars; of the rise of several of the Italian states; of the family of the Medici; of the union of the crowns of Arragon and Castile by the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella; and the subjection of the Moors in Spain; the discovery of America by Columbus; and of the Cape of Good Hope by the Portuguese.

FOURTEENTH PERIOD.

The fourteenth period comprehends one hundred and twenty-four years from the reign of Charles the Fifth in Germany, to the beginning of that of Louis the Fourteenth of France, in the year 1643.

It contains the history of Charles the Fifth, emperor of Germany; of Francis the First, king of France; of Henry the Eighth, of England; and of the reformation in England, and in several kingdoms in Europe; of Pope Leo the Tenth; of the reign of Elizabeth, and the succession of James the First to the throne of England; and of Henry the Fourth of France, assassinated by Ravillac; the revolt of the United Provinces under the prince of Orange, from Philip the Second, of Spain; of the delivery of Sweden from the Danish yoke by Gustavus Vasa; and of the recovery of Portugal from the Spaniards by the duke of Braganza.

FIFTEENTH PERIOD.

The fifteenth period comprehends one hundred and fifty-eight years, from the beginning of the reign of Louis the Fourteenth in France, to the peace of Amiens, A. D. 1802.

It contains the history of the death of Charles the First, who was beheaded in England; the death of the usurper, Cromwell; the restoration of Charles the Second, son of Charles the First; and the revolution, which placed William, Prince of Orange, on the throne. Of the reign of Louis the Fourteenth in France. Of the succession of the house of Bourbon to the throne of Spain, in the person of Philip the Fifth. The conquests of Charles the twelfth of Sweden, and of Peter the Great, emperor of Russia. The succession of George the first to the throne of England, at the death of Queen Anne. The history of Maria Theresa, empress of Germany, and queen of Hungary; of Frederick the Great, king of Prussia, and of Catharine, 2d empress of Russia; of the revolt of the United States of America from Great Britain; of the conquests of the English, in the East Indies; of the partition of Poland between Russia, Prussia, and Austria; of the French Revolution; of the death of Louis the sixteenth of France, and of the peace of Amiens, which was concluded A. D. 1802.