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and furnishes him with fresh matters of discovery: leave nothing to chance or humor, but are still so that if we consider the effects of his passion, one would rather think it proceeded from an inveterate hatred, than an excess of love; for certainly none can meet with more disquietude and uneasiness than a suspected wife, if we except the jealous husband.

But the great unhappiness of this passion is, that it naturally tends to alienate the affection which it is so solicitous to engross; and that for these two reasons, because it lays too great a constraint on the words and actions of the suspected person, and at the same time shows you have no honorable opinion of her; both of which are strong motives to aversion.

for deriving every action from some plot or contrivance, for drawing up a perpetual scheme of causes and events, and preserving a constant correspondence between the camp and the counciltable. And thus it happens in the affairs of love with men of too refined a thought. They put a construction on a look, and find out a design in a smile; they give new senses and significations to words and actions; and are ever tormenting themselves with fancies of their own raising. They generally act in a disguise themselves, and therefore mistake all outward shows and appearances for hypocrisy in others; so that I believe no men see less of the truth and reality of things, than these great refiners upon incidents, who are so wonderfully subtile and over-wise in their conceptions.

Nor is this the worst effect of jealousy; for it often draws after it a more fatal train of consequences, and makes the person you suspect guilty of the very crimes you are so much afraid of. Now what these men fancy they know of woIt is very natural for such who are treated ill and men by reflection, your lewd and vicious men upbraided falsely, to find out an intimate friend believe they have learned by experience. They that will hear their complaints, condole their have seen the poor husband so misled by tricks sufferings, and endeavor to soothe and assuage and artifices, and in the midst of his inquiries their secret resentments. Beside, jealousy puts so lost and bewildered in a crooked intrigue, that a woman often in mind of an ill thing that she they still suspect an underplot in every female would not otherwise perhaps have thought of, action; and especially where they see any re and fills her imagination with such an unlucky semblance in the behavior of two persons, are idea, as in time grows familiar, excites desire, apt to fancy it proceeds from the same design in and loses all the shame and horror which might both. These men therefore bear hard upon the at first attend it. Nor is it a wonder if she who suspected party, pursue her close through all her suffers wrongfully in a man's opinion of her, and turnings and windings, and are too well acquaint has therefore nothing to forfeit in his esteem, re-ed with the chase, to be flung off by any false solves to give him reason for his suspicions, and steps, or doubles. Beside, their acquaintance to enjoy the pleasure of the crime, since she must and conversation has lain wholly among the vi undergo the ignominy. Such probably were the cious part of womankind, and therefore it is no considerations that directed the wise man in his wonder they censure all alike, and look upon the advice to husbands: "Be not jealous over the whole sex as a species of impostors. But if, notwife of thy bosom, and teach her not an evil withstanding their private experience, they can lesson against thyself."* get over these prejudices, and entertain a favor. able opinion of some women; yet their own loose desires will stir up new suspicions from another side, and make them believe all men subject to the same inclinations with themselves.

Whether these or other motives are most predo

And here among the other torments which this passion produces, we may usually observe that none are greater mourners than jealous men, when the person who provokes their jealousy is taken from them. Then it is that their love breaks out furiously, and throws off all the mix-minant, we learn from the modern histories of tures of suspicion which choked and smothered it before. The beautiful parts of the character rise uppermost in the jealous husband's memory, and upbraid him with the ill-usage of so divine a creature as was once in his possession; while all the little imperfections, that were before so uneasy to him, wear off from his remembrance, and show themselves no more.

We may see by what has been said, that jealousy takes the deepest root in men of amorous dispositions; and of these we find three kinds who are most overrun with it.

The first are those who are conscious to themselves of any infirmity, whether it be weakness, old age, deformity, ignorance, or the like. These men are so well acquainted with the unamiable part of themselves, that they have not the confidence to think they are really beloved; and are so distrustful of their own merits, that all fondness towards them puts them out of countenance, and looks like a jest upon their persons. They grow suspicious on their first looking in a glass, and are stung with jealousy at the sight of a wrinkle. A handsome fellow immediately alarms them, and everything that looks young, or gay, turns their thoughts upon their wives.

A second sort of men, who are most liable to this passion, are those of cunning, wary, and distrustful tempers. It is a fault very justly found in histories composed by politicians, that they

Ecclesiasticus, ix, 1.

America, as well as from our own experience in this part of the world, that jealousy is no northern passion, but rages most in those nations that lie nearest the influence of the sun. It is a misfortune for a woman to be born between the tropics; for there lie the hottest regions of jealousy, which as you come northward cools all along with the climate, till you scarce meet with anything like it in the polar circle. Our own nation is very temperately situated in this respect; and if we meet with some few disordered with the violence of this passion, they are not the proper growth of our country, but are many degrees nearer the sun in their constitutions than in their climate.

Be

After this frightful account of jealousy, and the persons who are most subject to it, it will be but fair to show by what means the passion may be best allayed, and those who are possessed with it set at ease. Other faults indeed are not under the wife's jurisdiction, and should, if pos sible, escape her observation; but jealousy calls upon her particularly for its cure, and deserves all her art and application in the attempt. side she has this for her encouragement, that her endeavors will be always pleasing, and that she will still find the affection of her husband rising toward her in proportion as his doubts and suspicions vanish; for, as we have seen all along, there is so great a mixture of love and jealousy as is well worth the separating. But this shall be the subject of another paper.-L.

Credula res amor est

Love is a credulous passion.

OVID. Met., vii, 823.

No 171 SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1711. will believe there is more in it than there should be. And here it is of great concern, that you preserve the character of your sincerity uniform andi of a piece; for if he once finds a false gloss put. upon any single action, he quickly suspects all. the rest; his working imagination immediately takes a false hint, and runs off with it into several. remote consequences, till he has proved very ingebious in working out his own misery.

HAVING in my yesterday's paper discovered the nature of jealousy, and pointed out the persons who are most subject to it, I must here apply my self to my fair correspondents, who desire to live well with a jealous husband, and to ease his mind of its unjust suspicions.

The first rule I shall propose to be observed is, that you never seem to dislike in another what the jealous man is himself guilty of, or to admire anything in which he himself does not excel. A jealous man is very quick in his applications; he knows how to find a double edge in an invective, and to draw a satire on himself out of a panegyric on another. He does not trouble himself to consider the person, but to direct the character; and is secretly pleased or confounded, as he finds more or less of himself in it. The commendation of anything in another stirs up his jealousy, as it shows you have a value for others beside himself; but the commendation of that, which he himself wants, inflames him more, as it shows that in some respects you prefer others before him. Jealousy is admirably described in this view by Horace in his ode to Lydia:

Quum tu, Lydia, Telephi

Cervicem roseam, et cerea Telephi
Laudas brachia, va mecum

Fervens difficili bile tumet jecur:
Tunc nec mens mihi, nec color

Certa sede manet; humor et in genas
Furtim labitur, arguens

Quam lentis peditus macerer ignibus.

1 Od., xiii, 1.

When Telephus his youthful charms,
His rosy neck and winding arms,
With endless rapture you recite,
And in the pleasing name delight;
My heart inflamed by jealous heats,
With numberless resentments beats:
From my pale cheek the color flies,
And all the man within me dies:
By turns my hidden grief appears
In rising sighs and falling tears,
That show too well the warm desires,
The silent, slow, consuming fires,
Which on my inmost vitals prey,
And melt my very soul away.

The jealous man is not indeed angry if you dislike another; but if you find those faults which are to be found in his own character, you discover not only your dislike of another but of himself. In short, he is so desirous of engrossing all your love, that he is grieved at the want of any charm, which he believes has power to raise it; and if he finds by your censures on others that he is not so agreeable in your opinion as he might be, he naturally concludes you could love him better if he had other qualifications, and that by consequence your affection does not rise so high as he thinks it ought. If therefore his temper be grave or sullen, vou must not be too much pleased with a jest, or transported with anything that is gay and diverting. If his beauty be none of the best, you must be a professed admirer of prudence, or any other quality he is master of, or at least vain enough to think he is.

If both these methods fail, the best way will be to let him see you are much cast down and afflicted. for the ill opinion he entertains of you, and the disquietudes he himself suffers for your sake. There are many who take a kind of barbarous. pleasure in the jealousy of those who love them, that insult over an aching heart, and triumph in their charms, which are able to excite so much. uneasiness:

Ardeat ipsa licet, tormentis gaudet amantis.

Juv., Sat. vi, 208.. Though equal pains her peace of mind destroy, A lover's torments give her spiteful joy. But these often carry the humor so far, till their affected coldness and indifference quite kills all the fondness of a lover, and are then sure to meet in their turn with all the contempt and scorn that is due to so insolent a behavior. On the contrary, it is very probable a melancholy, dejected carriage, the usual effects of injured innocence, may soften. the jealous husband into pity, make him sensible of the wrong he does you, and work out of his mind all those fears and suspicions that make you both unhappy. At least it will have this good effect, that he will keep his jealousy to him-self, and repine in private, either because he is sensible it is a weakness, and will therefore hide it from your knowledge, or because he will be apt to fear some ill effect it may produce in cooling. your love toward him, or diverting it to another.

There is still another secret that can never fail, if you can once get it believed, and which is often. practiced by women of greater cunning than virtue. This is to change sides for a while with the jealous man, and to turn his own passion upon himself; to take some occasion of growing jealous of him, and to follow the example he himself hath set you. This counterfeited jealousy will bring him a great deal of pleasure, if he thinks it real; for he knows experimentally how much love goes along with this passion, and will beside feel something like the satisfaction of a revenge, in seeing you undergo all his own tortures. But this, indeed, is an artifice so difficult, and at the same time so disingenuous, that it ought never to be put in practice but by such as have skill enough to cover the deceit, and innocence to render it ex. cusable.

I shall conclude this essay with the story of Herod and Mariamne, as I have collected it out of Josephus ;* which may serve almost as an example to whatever can be said on this subject.

Mariamne had all the charms that beauty, birth, wit, and youth, could give a woman, and Herod all the love that such charms are able to raise in a warm and amorous disposition. In the midst of this his fondness for Marianine, he put her brother to death, as he did her father not many years after. The barbarity of the action was represented to Mark Antony, who immediately summoned Herod into Egypt, to answer for the crime that was there laid to his charge. Herod attributed the summons to Antony's desire of Mariamne, whom, therefore, before his departure, he gave into the custody of his uncle Joseph, with private

In the next place, you must be sure to be free and open in your conversation with him, and to let in light upon your actions, to unravel all your designs, and discover every secret, however triding or indifferent. A jealous husband has a particular aversion to winks and whispers; and if he does not see to the bottom of everything, will be sure to go beyond it in his fears and suspicions. He will always expect to be your chief confidant; and where he finds himself kept out of a secret, chap. 7, sect. 1, 2, etc.

*Antiquities of the Jews, book xv, chap. 3, sect. 5, 6, 9,

Herod

orders to put her to death, if any such violence who now lay under the same suspicions and sen was offered to himself. This Joseph was much tence that Joseph had before hini, on the like ocdelighted with Mariamue's conversation, and en-casion. Nor would Herod rest here; but accused deavored, with all his art and rhetoric, to set out her with great vehemence of a design upon his the excess of Herod's passion for her; but when life, and, by his authority with the judges, had he still found her cold and incredulous, he incon- her publicly condemned and executed. siderately told her, as a certain instance of her soon after her death grew melancholy and dejected, lord's affection, the private orders he had left be- retiring from the public administration of affairs hind him, which plainly showed, according to into a solitary forest, and there abandoning himJoseph's interpretation, that he could neither live self to all the black considerations, which natunor die without her. This barbarous instance of rally arise from a passion made up of love, rea wild unreasonable passion, quite put out, for a morse, pity, and despair. He used to rave for his time, those little remains of affection she still had Marianne, and to call upon her in his distracted for her lord. Her thoughts were so wholly taken fits: and in all probability would soon have folup with the cruelty of his orders, that she could lowed her, had not his thoughts been seasonably not consider the kindness that produced them, called off from so sad an object by public storms, and therefore represented him in her imagination, which at that time very nearly threatened him.--L. rather under the frightful idea of a murderer than a lover.

No. 172.] MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1711.

tudinis- -PLATO apud TULL.

As knowledge, without justice, ought to be called cunning, rather than wisdom; so a mind prepared to meet danger, if excited by its own eagerness, and not the public good, deserves the name of audacity, rather than that of fortitude.

Herod was at length acquitted and dismissed by Mark Antony, when his soul was all in flames for his Mariamue; but before their meeting he was Non solum scientia, quæ est remota a justitia, calliditas not a little alarmed at the report he had heard of potius quam sapientia est appellanda; verum etiam animus his uncle's conversation and familiarity with her paratus ad periculum, si sua cupiditate, non utilitate com in his absence. This therefore was the first dis-uni, impellitur, audaciæ potius nomen habeat, quam forts course he entertained her with, in which she found it no easy matter to quiet his suspicions. But at last he appeared so well satisfied of her innocence, that from reproaches and wranglings he fell to tears and embraces. Both of them wept very tenderly at their reconciliation, and Herod poured out his whole soul to her in the warmest protestations of love and constancy; when amidst all his sighs and languishings she asked him, whether the private orders he left with his uncle Joseph were an instance of such an inflamed affection. The jea lous king was immediately roused at so unexpected a question, and concluded his uncle must have been too familiar with her, before he would have discovered such a secret. In short, he put his uncle to death, and very difficultly prevailed upon himself to spare Marianne.

THERE can be no greater injury to human society than that good talents among the men should be held honorable to those who are endowed with them without any regard how they are applied. The gifts of nature and accomplishments of art are valuable but as they are exerted in the interest of virtue, or governed by the rules of honor. We ought to abstract our minds from the observation of an excellence in those we converse with till, we have taken some notice, or received some good information of the disposition of their minds: otherwise the beauty of their persons, or the charms of their wit, may make us fond of those whom our reason and judgment will tell us we ought to abhor.

After this he was forced on a second journey into Egypt, when he committed his lady to the care of Sohemus, with the same private orders he When we suffer ourselves to be thus carried had before given his uncle, if any mischief befell away by mere beauty or mere wit, Omniamante, himself. In the meanwhile Mariamne so won with all her vice, will bear away as much of our upon Sohemus by her presents and obliging con- good will as the most innocent virgin, or discreetversation, that she drew all the secret from him, est matron; and there cannot be a more abject with which Herod had intrusted him; so that after slavery in this world, than to dote upon what we his return, when he flew to her with all the tran- think we ought to condemn. Yet this must be sports of joy and love, she received him coldly our condition in all the parts of life, if we suffer with sighs and tears, and all the marks of indiffe- ourselves to approve anything but what tends to rence and aversion. This reception so stirred up the promotion of what is good and honorable. If his indignation, that he had certainly slain her we would take true pains with ourselves to conwith his own hands, had not he feared he himself sider all things by the light of reason and justice, should have become the greater sufferer by it. It though a man were in the height of youth and was not long after this, when he had another vio- amorous inclinations, he would look upon a colent return of love upon him: Mariamne wasquette with the same contempt, or indifference, as therefore sent for to him, whom he endeavored to he would upon a coxcomb. The wanton carriage soften and reconcile with all possible conjugal car- in a woman would disappoint her of the admiraesses and endearments; but she declined his em- tion she aims at; and the vain dress or discourse braces, and answered all his fondness with bitter of a man would destroy the comeliness of his invectives for the death of her father, and her shape, or goodness of his understanding. I say brother. This behavior so incensed Herod, that he the goodness of his understanding; for it is no very hardly refrained from striking her; when in less common to see men of sense commence coxthe heat of their quarrel there came in a witness. combs, than beautiful women become immodest. suborned by some of Mariamne's enemies, who When this happens in either, the favor we are accused her to the king of a design to poison him. naturally inclined to give to the good qualities Herod was now prepared to hear anything in her they have from nature should abate in proportion. prejudice, and immediately ordered her servant to But however just it is to measure the value of men be stretched upon the rack; who in the extremity by the application of their talents, and not by the of his torture confessed, that his mistress's aver-eminence of those qualities abstracted from their sion to the king arose from something Sohemus had told her; but as for any design of poisoning, he utterly disowned the least knowledge of it. This confession quickly proved fatal to Sohemus,

use: I say, however just such a way of judging is, in all ages as well as this, the contrary has prevailed upon the generality of mankind. How many lewd devices have been preserved from one

age to another, which had perished as soon as they site delight to say to yourself, you have done well, were made, if painters and sculptors had been than to hear the whole human race pronounce you esteemed as much for the purpose as the execution glorious, except you yourself can join with them of their designs? Modest and well-governed im- in your own reflections. A mind thus equal and aginations have by this means lost the represen-uniform may be deserted by little fashionable adtation of ten thousand charming portraitures, mirers and followers, but will ever be had in revfilled with images of innate truth, generous zeal,erence by souls like itself. The branches of the courageous faith, and tender humanity; instead oak endure all the seasons of the year, though its of which satyrs, furies, and monsters are recom- leaves fall off in autumn; and these too will be mended by those arts to a shameful eternity. restored with the returning spring.-T

The unjust application of laudable talents is tolerated in the general opinion of men, not only in such cases as are here mentioned, but also in

-Remove fera monstra, tuæque Saxificos vultus, quæcunque ea, tolle Medusa. OVID. Met., v, 215. Hence with those monstrous features, and, O! spare That Gorgon's look and petrifying stare.-P. In a late paper I mentioned the project of au ingenious author for the erecting of several handicraft prizes to be contended for by our British artisans, and the influence they might have toward the improvement of our several manufactures. I have since that been very much surprised by the following advertisement, which I find in the Postboy of the 11th instant, and again repeated in the Postboy of the 15th:

matters which concern ordinary life. If a lawyer No. 173.] TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1711. were to be esteemed only as he uses his parts in contending for justice, and were immediately despicable when he appeared in a cause which he could not but know was an unjust one, how honorable would his character be? And how honorable is it in such among us, who follow the profession no otherwise, than as laboring to protect the injured, to subdue the oppressor, to imprison the careless debtor, and do right to the painful artificer? But many of this excellent character are overlooked by the greater number; who affect covering a weak place in a client's title, diverting the course of an inquiry, or finding a skillful refuge to palliate a falsehood; yet it is still called eloquence in the latter, though thus unjustly employed: but resolution in an assassin is according to reasou quite as landable, as knowledge and wisdom exercised in the defense of an ill cause. Were the intention steadfastly considered as the measure of approbation, all falsehood would soon be out of countenance; and an address in imposing upon mankind, would be as contemptible in one state of life as another. A couple of courtiers making professions of esteem, would make the same figure after a breach of promise, as two knights of the post convicted of perjury. But conversation is fallen so low in point of morality, that as they say in a bargain, "let the buyer look to it "so in friendship, he is the man in danger who is most apt to believe. He is the more likely to suffer in the commerce, who begins with the obligation of being the more ready to enter into it.

"On the 9th of October next will be run for upon Colsehill-heath, in Warwickshire, a plate of six guineas value, three heats, by any horse, mare, or gelding, that hath not won above the value of 51., the winning horse to be sold for 10, to carry ten stone weight, if fourteen hands high; if above or under to carry or be allowed weight for inches, and to be entered Friday the 5th at the Swan in Colsehill, before six in the evening. Also a plate of less value to be run for by asses. same day a gold ring to be grinned for by men."

The

The first of these diversions that is to be exhibited by the 101. race-horses, may probably have its use; but the two last, in which the asses and men are concerned, seem to me altogether extraordinary and unaccountable. Why they should keep running asses at Colsehill, or how making mouths turn to account in Warwickshire, more than in any other parts of England, I cannot comBut those men only are truly great, who place prehend. I have looked over all the Olympic their ambition rather in acquiring to themselves games, and do not find anything in them like an the conscience of worthy enterprises, than in the ass-race, or a match at grinning. However it be, prospect of glory which attends them. These ex- I am informed that several asses are now kept in alted spirits would rather be secretly the authors body-clothes, and sweated every morning upon of events which are serviceable to mankind, than, the heath; and that all the country fellows within without being such, to have the public fame of it. ten miles of the Swan grin an hour or two in Where therefore an eminent merit is robbed by their glasses every morning, in order to qualify artifice or detraction, it does but increase by such themselves for the 9th of October. The prize endeavors of its enemies. The impotent pains which is proposed to be grinned for has raised which are taken to sully it, or diffuse it among a such an ambition among the common people of crowd to the injury of a single person, will na-out-grinning one another, that many very discernurally produce the contrary effect; the fire will blaze out, and burn up all that attempt to smother what they cannot extinguish.

There is but one thing necessary to keep the possession of true glory, which is, to hear the opposers of it with patience, and preserve the virtue by which it was acquired. When a man is thoroughly persuaded that he ought neither to admire, wish for, or pursue anything but what is exactly his duty, it is not in the power of seaons, persons, or accidents, to diminish his value. He only is a great man who can neglect the applause of the multitude, and enjoy himself independent of its favor. This is indeed an arduous task; but it should comfort a glorious spirit, that it is the nighest step to which human nature can arrive. Triumph, applause, acclamation, are dear to the mind of man; but it is still a more exqui

ing persons are afraid it should spoil most of the
faces in the county; and that a Warwickshire
man will be known by his grin, as Roman Catho-
lics imagine a Kentish man is by his tail. The
gold ring, which is made the prize of deformity,
is just the reverse of the golden apple that was
formerly made the prize of beauty, and should
carry for its posy the old motto inverted :
"Detur tetriori."

Or, to accommodate it to the capacity of the com-
batants,

The frightfull'st grinner
Be the winner.

In the meanwhile I would advise a Dutch painter to be present at this great controversy of faces, in order to make a collection of the most remarkable grins that shall be there exhibited.

I must not here omit an account which I lately treating after this manner the "human face received of one of these grinning matches from a divine," and turning that part of us, which has gentleman, who, upon reading the above-men- so great an image impressed upon it, into the im tioned advertisement, entertained a coffee-house age of a monkey; whether the raising such silly with the following narrative:-Upon the taking competitions among the ignorant, proposing prizes of Namur, amidst other public rejoicings made for such useless accomplishments, filling the com on that occasion, there was a gold ring given by mon people's heads with such senseless ambitions, a whig justice of peace to be grinned for. The and inspiring them with such absurd ideas of sufirst competitor that entered the lists was a black periority and pre-eminence has not in it something swarthy Frenchman, who accidentally passed that immoral, as well as ridiculous.--L. way; and being a man naturally of a withered look, and hard features, promised himself good success. He was placed upon a table in the great point of view, and looking upon the company like Milton's Death,

Grinn'd horribly a ghastly smile :

His muscles were so drawn together on each side of his face, that he showed twenty teeth at a grin, and put the country in some pain, lest a foreigner should carry away the honor of the day; but upon a farther trial they found he was master only of the merry grin.

No. 174.] WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 19, 1711.

Hæc memini et victum frustra contendere Thvrsin.
VIRG. Eel, vii, 09.

The whole debate in memory I retain,
When Thyrsis argued warmly, but in vain.-P.
THERE is scarce anything more common than
animosities between parties that cannot subsist
but by their agreement: this was well represented
in the sedition of the members of the human body
in the old Roman fable.* It is often the case of
lesser confederate states against a superior power,
which are hardly held together though their una-
nimity is necessary for their common safety; and
this is always the case of the landed and trading
interests of Great Britain: the trader is fed by
the product of the land, and the landed man can-
not be clothed but by the skill of the trader; and
yet those interests are ever jarring.

The next that inounted the table was a malcontent in those days, and a great master in the whole art of grinning, but particularly excelled in the angry grin. He did his part so well, that he is said to have made half a dozen women miscarry; but the justice being apprised by one who stood near him, that the fellow who grinned in his face was a Jacobite, and being unwilling that a disaffected person should win the gold ring, and be We had last winter an instance of this at our looked upon as the best grinner in the country, he club, in Sir Roger de Coverley and Sir Andrew ordered the oaths to be tendered unto him upon Freeport, between whom there is generally a conhis quitting the table, which the grinner refusing, stant, though friendly, opposition of opinions. It he was set aside as an unqualified person. There happened that one of the company, in an historiwere several other grotesque figures that pre-cal discourse, was observing that Carthaginian sented themselves, which it would be too tedious faith was a proverbial phrase to intimate breach to describe. I must not however omit a plow- of leagues. Sir Roger said it could hardly be man, who lived in the further part of the country, otherwise: that the Carthaginians were the greatest and being very lucky in a pair of long lantern- traders in the world; and as gain is the chief end jaws, wrung his face into such a hideous grimace, of such a people, they never pursue any other; that every feature of it appeared under a different distortion. The whole company stood astonished at such a complicated grin, and were ready to assign the prize to him, had it not been proved by one of his antagonists, that he had practiced with verjuice for some days before, and had a crab found upon him at the very time of grinning; upon which the best judges of grinning declared it as their opinion, that he was not to be looked upon as a fair grinner, and therefore ordered him to be set aside as a cheat.

the means to it are never regarded: they will, if it comes easily, get money honestly; but if not, they will not scruple to attain it by fraud, or cozenage: and indeed, what is the whole business of the trader's account, but to overreach him who trusts to his memory? But were that not so, what can there great and noble be expected from him whose attention is forever fixed upon balancing his books, and watching over his expenses? And at best, let frugality and parsimony be the virtues of the merchant, how much is his punctual dealing below a gentleman's charity to the poor, or hospi

The prize, it seems, at length fell upon a cobbler, Giles Gorgon by name, who produced seve-tality among his neighbors! ral new grins of his own invention, having been used to cut faces for many years together over his last. At the very first grin he cast every human feature out of his countenance, at the second he became the face of a spout, at the third a baboon, at the fourth the head of a bass viol, and at the fifth a pair of nut-crackers. The whole assembly wondered at his accomplishments, and bestowed the ring on him unanimously; but what he esteemed more than all the rest, a country wench, whom he had wooed in vain for above five years before, was so charmed with his grins, and the applauses which he received on all sides, that she married him the week following, and to this day wears the prize upon her finger, the cobbler having made use of it as his wedding-ring.

This paper might perhaps seem very impertinent, if it grew serious in the conclusion. It would nevertheless leave to the consideration of those who are the patrons of this monstrous trial of skill, whether or no they are not guilty, in some measure, of an affront to their species, in

Captain Sentry observed Sir Andrew very diligent in hearing Sir Roger, and had a mind to turn the discourse, by taking notice-in general, from the highest to the lowest parts of human society, there was a secret, though unjust way, among men, of indulging the seeds of ill-nature and envy, by comparing their own state of life to that of another, and grudging the approach of their neighbor to their own happiness; and, on the other side, he, who is less at his ease, repines at the other, who he thinks has unjustly the advantage over him. Thus the civil and military lists look upon each other with much ill-nature; the soldier repines at the courtier's power, and the courtier rallies the soldier's honor; or. to come to lower instances, the private men in the horse and foot of an army, the carmen and coachmen in the city streets, mutually look upon each other with ill-will, when they are in competition for quarters, or the way in their respective motions.

* Livii. Hist. Dec., 1, lib. ii, espi

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