General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications

allometric animals appears applied approach aspects atoms basic Bertalanffy biological catabolism causality cell characteristics chemical classical closed systems complex components concept consideration considered constant contrast cultural cybernetics defined differential dynamic elements energy entities entropy equations equifinality equilibrium essentially evolution example existence experience expressed fact feedback fields formulation function game theory growth curves homeostasis homeostatic human behavior important increase individual information theory interaction isomorphic kinetics language laws living organism Lotka machine mathematical means mechanisms mechanistic mental metabolic rate modern nature º º open systems organismic phenomena philosophy physical chemistry physics physiological possible present principle problems processes protein psychology psychophysical quantitative reaction reality regulations relations scheme schizophrenia scientific sense servomechanisms similar so-called sociology specific steady structure symbolic system theory teleology theoretical theory of open thermodynamics tion vitalistic Volterra whole world picture