under the Roman emperors, although without a portrait, as the name Demetrius, as prætor, occurs on a coin of Commodus struck in this city. Seven new types of the coins of Cyzicus in Mysia. The author observes, that of all the ancient Græcian cities of Asia, Cyzicus is the most famous for the number and variety of its coinage in the precious metals. One with a Victory with expanded wings, holding the acrostolium, the author believes alludes to the naval action between the Athenians under Alcibiades and the Peloponnesians under Mindarus, fought near Cyzicus.

The stater of Cyzicus and the daric appear to have formed the circulating medium of Asia Minor. The former is of gold of reduced standard, whilst the daric is of pure gold. The daric, according to some of the Greek historians, was of the same value as the Athenian χρουσους. Mr. Borrell weighsd 125 darics found in the bed of the Canal of Xerxes, near Mount Athos, and found the average weight to be 129 grains: the average weight of some gold Athenian coins was 130 grains. The author then proceeded to describe new types discovered by him in coins of Adramytium, Antandus, Assus, Astyra, Cisthene, &c.

ΤΟ

LONDON ANTIQUITIES.

Since my last communication on this subject, the various excavations still going on in the City of London continue to afford increasing evidence of the great extent of Roman occupancy in the Metropolis.

Fragments of Samian pottery, cinerary urns, coins, &c. have been found in Shoemaker Row, Carter Lane, Broad Street, Liverpool Street, and Moorgate Street.

At the corner of King's Arms Yard, on the east side of Moorgate Street, in digging out the foundation for building, have been found fragments of black cinerary urns, and a portion of a tessellated pavement, composed of the common red brick squares, and the small white and grey tesseræ. The labourer who discovered it has, with a taste not often observable among his fraternity, carefully collected all the fragments and laid them down in front of his own humble dwelling. There appears to have been a large cess-pool here, from which have been taken a number of copper pans of various sizes much corroded, and other fragments of the same metal; also two half-glazed coarse earthenware bottles of curious form, capable of holding about five or six quarts; the mouths are about one quarter inch diameter, and the bottoms perforated with a number of small holes. These vessels, which are oc

9

casionally met with, are supposed to have been used by our ancestors of the 17th and perhaps 16th century, as a species of shower bath. The mode of filling it was by immersing it in water, and when filled closing the orifice at the neck; thus, by preventing the admission of the air, the vessel could be raised without the escape of its contents. By this ingenious adaptation of the well-known principle of hydraulics our ancestors were enabled to enjoy the luxury of a shower bath of a very simple description.

In a further excavation in this locality were found three mutilated specimens of Etruscan art; one is the remains of a lamp, the other two (varying in form) are cups (holding about three quarters of a pint), with the remains of handles on either side. Several cherry stones and other seeds were found intermixed with earth and charcoal, adhering to the inside of the lamp. These vessels are composed of the usual pale red clay, with that fine black glaze so distinguishable in Etruscan pottery.

In Liverpool Street. Samian pottery and coins (one of Aurelian, reverse "Hilaritas," a beautifully executed female figure holding a palm branch and cornucopia); a tradesman's token, "John Sinnock, of Colchester. His Halfpenny, 1670." &c.

In Half Moon Street, Bishopsgate. Samian pottery and small glass Lachrymatory, &c.

In West Smithfield, at the entrance of Cloth Fair, was found an urn of the usual dark grey colour, containing burnt bones and fragments of charcoal. The possessor, Mr. W. D. Saull, F.S.A. is of opinion that they are the remains of a child or youth, judging from the size of some portions of the skull and ribs. This, with a fragment of Samian ware (found in Cloth Fair, about twenty feet distant), are all the indications of Roman London in this district that have fallen under my notice.

As Cloth Fair occupies the ancient site of part of the Priory of St. Bartholomew (the north transept of which extended across it), the late excavation has disturbed the remains of many of its ancient tenants, numerous skulls and bones having been disinterred. Many glazed tiles, evidently of early workmanship, have been found; on one is represented a crowned head, probably Edward the Second; also a part of a stone coffin lid, with a beautifully carved cross and inscription, which from style and workmanship may be assigned to the same reign, or the early part of the succeeding one. By permission of Mr. W. Chaffers, jun. (who

has the stone, and communicated its discovery to the Society of Antiquaries a few weeks back) I am enabled to furnish you with a drawing of this interesting specimen of early art.

Mr. Chaffers, with great probability, conjectures that HWE is intended for HVGH, who appears from Dugdale's Monasticon to have died Prior of this establishment in 1295, but whose surname is unknown. It may very probably have been Hugh de Hendon, and the inscrip. tion may have originally run:

HWE: DE: HENDON: GIST: ICI: DIEV:

DE: SON: ALME: EIT: MERCI. + which words will be found to exactly fill up the proportionate length of the moulding.

Several ancient abbey tokens or counters have also been found at this spot, together with a copper coin of Louis XIV. 1665, a silver groat of Eliz. 1564, &c.

At the western extremity of East Passage, near Long Lane, at a depth of upwards of 16 feet, a skull was taken up singularly discoloured, and of unusual size and shape, presenting in every respect a curious contrast to the numerous other relics of mortality, of which so many have been disinterred during the early part of the excavation. In Middle-st. about 20 or 30 feet from Aldersgate-street, a thick chalk wall presented itself, running north and south, doubtless the ancient boundary wall of the Priory. E. B. PRICE.

(Some discoveries in Blackfriars will be noticed in our next Number.)

ROMAN ANTIQUITIES AT BATH.

Feb. 25. Workmen employed for improving the drainage in the neighbourhood of Bath Abbey, have discovered in the Orange-grove, about eight feet below GENT. MAG. VOL. XIX.

the surface, several interesting remains of Roman sepulture especially a stone coffin of unusual form, but of so crumb. ling a material that it could not be removed entire: it was therefore covered up, with the skeleton it contained. Various fragments of pottery and ornamental glazed tiles were also found, (but these were mediæval.) Some of the fragments of vases found in the vicinity of the coffin are such as have usually been denominated British. One of the specimens is remarkable, having numerous minute chippings of quartz and garnets imbedded in it. A few models of tessellated pavement have also been discovered, formed of the blue and white lias, like the more perfect floors of the baths, discovered four years ago at Twerton. Besides human bones, have been found those of the horse, the stag, and other domestic animals. The remains are deposited for public inspection, in Mr. Empson's Museum, on the Walks.

NORTHERN ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

At the annual meeting of this Society at Copenhagen, the most interesting proceedings were the presentation and explanation of several monuments recently discovered in America, corroborative of the view of its early intercourse with Europe, long before the days of Columbus. These monuments were,-1. a stone slab, bearing an inscription composed of twentyfour Runic characters, discovered in the valley of the Ohio; 2. a pair of pincers, of massive silver, found in the Brazilian province of Bahia, exactly resembling those of the same kind, in bronze, so often met with in the tumulary mounds of Scandinavian countries; 3. arrows, with heart-shaped heads in rock crystal, saws made with the teeth of sharks and fragments of flints, discovered in California, and resembling in all respects those used by the ancient Greenlanders; and 4. three very ancient Peruvian vases. The Chaplain to the frigate Bellona, during her last voyage of circumnavigation, announced that the Brazilian government had taken steps for exploring the ground on which so many ruins have been found, which appear to announce the former existence of a Scandinavian colony. This ground is situate in the southern portion of the province of Bahia, on the left bank of the Braco-do-Cinçora, to the south of the Sierra-do-Cinçora. The Society has also received intelligence of the discovery of the foundations of a church in Greenland, the existence of which has, hitherto, been unsuspected.

BURY ABBEY.

Mr. L. N. Cottingham, F.S.A. has published a very interesting print, 26 in. 3 X

by 17, giving a North-West View of the Abbey Gate, original boundary wall, and parish churches of St. James and St. Mary in the olden time. The print is embellished with numerous groups in ancient costume. How additionally beau. tiful must have been the scene with the abbey church of St. Edmund rising up in the centre, with the numerous other surrounding abbatial buildings!

A number of skeletons have been lately found in a field in the Tollgate Lane, Bury St. Edmund's, belonging to Mr. Thomas Fenton, of this town. They were turned up by the spade at about one foot below the surface; were at least 20 in number; and appeared to have been deposited with great care, as they were lying at full length and in a row. With them was a small urn of coarse ware and rude workmanship, but quite empty.

ANCIENT BOAT.

In January last, as two labouring men were casting about on the beach at the west end of Worthing, for something to engage their attention, at last they were recommended by way of employment, to go and dig up a plank, which was seen portruding through the sands, 120 yards from the shore at Heene. Acting upon the suggestion they proceeded to the spot and set to work. By degrees, as they removed the sand, the object of their labour was found to extend some distance downwards and to present a shape which indicated that it was not a mere plank, as they at first thought. At length they drew out an ancient boat, of considerable length, formed out of an oak tree. It has ridges across the floor to give it strength, and is square at both ends; it has no kcel, and is sloped away under the ends to the bottom. Around the sides, some pieces of wood were pegged on, and in one place in the side, a small piece of sliding wood was fitted in. The soil in which it was imbedded, was one of black mud, and has imparted its own colour to the boat, which yields to the pressure of the finger. In 1834, a similar boat was dug up at North Stoke. It is said that at various times, for twenty or thirty years past, the upper end of the boat had been seen above the sands, and that it was always supposed to have been the stump of an old groyne pile. The lower end was five feet beneath the surface. It was bought by Mr. Tuff of the Spaniard inn.

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ANCIENT GAULISH MONUMENTS.

In digging some foundations, near the village of Nenoux, on the Haute-Saône, there have recently been discovered some

antique tombs similar to those which have been heretofore found in various parts of that department and in Switzerland, which antiquaries have agreed in pronouncing to be Gaulish. In them were swords with the short broad blade, daggers, spears, and the iron head of a small axe, believed to be the ancient Francisque used by horsemen in battle; also some plates of giralles, one of which is of bronze, bearing the representation of some symbolical animal, others being of iron inlaid with silver. Besides these, are several urns of gray clay of various shapes, some adorned with sculpture. In them were articles made of glass and small bones. The tombs bear no mark of Christianity.

ANCIENT COINS.

In the cathedral of St. Pol de Léon in

Britany, a curious deposit of mediæval coins has been lately found. Some workmen occupied in repairing the vaulting of the church discovered, on the top of one of the capitals of the shafts whence the vaulting ribs spring, a vase in earthenware, containing thirty coins of the 14th century. This vase seems to have formed the last member of the shafts where they run to a centre on the top of the capital; and its contents were no doubt designed to commemorate the epoch of the roof being built. This is known to have been built by Bishop Guillaume de Rochefort, who was consecrated bishop of Léon in A.D. 1349. The greater portion of the coins are of the Dukes of Britany, John III. (ob. 1341), and John IV. his nephew, who, however, did not come into full possession of the duchy till 1364. There is a coin of John Count de Montfort (ob. 1345), father of John IV.; and another of his father-in-law Louis, Count of Flanders and Nevers, who was killed in the battle of Cressy. There is a coin of Edward III. of England, one of David of Scotland, one of Phillippe de Valois, and several of Charles V. of France.

A society has recently been formed at Wörgl, in the Tyrol, for excavating a spot where the old Roman town of Masciacum is supposed so have stood.-The Continental papers mention the discovery of a great quantity of old Roman silver coins in the Island of Gothland; that many Roman antiquities have been dug up near Utrecht; and that two small marble columns have lately been discovered in the ruins of Tusculum, with an inscription in old Latin, relating to a donation, at the consecration of a temple, from one of the family to which the celebrated Camillus belonged,

HOUSE OF COMMONS, March 24. Sir J. Graham, in moving the second reading of the FACTORY EDUCATION BILL, proposed that the labour clauses should go through Committee on an early day, but that the education clauses should be postponed till after Easter. The principle was to be extended to children engaged in lace works, &c. and to children in the workhouses of large towns. Mr. Hawes, Mr. Hindley, Mr. Harvey, and Mr. Ewart, protested against committing the entire control of national education to the clergy of the Church of England. The Earl of Surrey and Mr. G. Knight approved of the measure. Sir J. Graham said that it was intended to inforce the attendance of the children belonging to the Establishment at Church, not that of the children belonging to Dissenters. This measure could no longer be delayed with safety--the disturbances of last autumn had been chiefly brought about by young persons under 22 years of age.

HOUSE OF LORDS, March 27.

In reply to the Marquess of Lansdowne, the Earl of Aberdeen said that information had been received of the OCCUPATION OF TAHITI by the FRENCH, and he was not of opinion that the commercial or political interests of England would be at all interfered with by the measure, but on the contrary was inclined to anticipate advantageous results from it. The French Government were not to take absolute possession of the islands, but they were to be placed under the protection of that power; and the French guaranteed that protection should be extended to all places of religious worship, and the missionaries.

HOUSE OF COMMONS, March 28. Mr. Duncombe moved for a Select Committee to inquire into and report upon the petitions of several CHARTISTS to that House. The Hon. Gent. then gave a narrative of the late disturbances, and inferred that many of the Chartists had been unjustly imprisoned.-Gen. Johnson seconded the motion. The Attorney-General said that the proposed committee would have no means for arriving at the truth of the facts alleged, and defended the course which had been pursued by the advisers of the Crown. Considering the magnitude of

the crime and of the danger, it was a little too much that the prisoners, who might fitly have been indicted for high treason, should now, because they had been indicted but for misdemeanour, and treated with mercy, turn round and say that the whole accusation against them had come to nothing. A lengthened debate followed, after which the House divided; for the motion, 32; against it, 196.

April 4. Lord Ashley condemned the continuance of the trade in OPIUM with China, and proposed that steps be taken to abolish the evil. Mr. Brotherton seconded the motion.-Sir R. Peel pointed out the necessity of extreme caution in the adoption of the proposed resolutions. Admitting the humanity which characterised the proposal, he thought that the noble lord ought to have inquired whether or not negotiations were pending with the Chinese government on the subject. Sir Henry Pottinger had made a respect.. ful communication, the object being to induce the Chinese government to deal with the subject in the same way as European governments are compelled to do, to place the trade on a free and legalised basis, not approving of it, but removing the temptations to the evils of smuggling. It would be the wisest course to leave the subject in the hands of the executive government. Lord Ashley withdrew his motion.

HOUSE OF LORDS, April 7.

On the motion of Lord Brougham, the House assented to his motion approving the manner in which the recent TREATY OF WASHINGTON had been negociated, and expressing entire satisfaction with respect to the terms on which it had been arranged.

HOUSE OF COMMONS, April 10.

On the motion for the second reading of the ECCLESIASTICAL COURTS BILL, Sir R. Inglis opposed it. Sir J. Graham spoke in its favour. It was then adjourned by a majority of 136 to 51.

April 11. Mr. W. Cowper moved for a Select Committee to consider the expediency of allotting to the labourers of the respective districts a portion of all WASTE LANDS hereafter to be enclosed by Act of Parliament. The motion was agreed to. The House adjourned until the 24th inst.

INDIA.

One of the professed objects for which the expedition to Affghanistan was undertaken, was to open the Indus for the transit of British merchandise, and ren. der it one of the great highways of Asia. This object has not been lost sight of, though Affghanistan has been abandoned; and the Bombay Government has lately directed its attention to getting from the Ameers of Sinde such a treaty as would secure the safe navigation of that great river. In December, Maj. Outram was despatched to Hyderabad to conclude the best terms in his power with the native chiefs. A demand was made on the Ameers of Hyderabad to give up for the use of the navigation certain strips of land lying along the river. They, feeling that they could not immediately refuse, temporised until at length their troops were collected, when on the 14th of February they sent word to Major Outram to retire from their city. Major Outram, who did not suppose that they would proceed to extremities, delayed. On the 15th the residence of the British Political Agent was attacked; it was gallantly defended by 100 men for several hours; but at length, their ammunition having been expended, the British soldiers retired with a small loss to the steamers, and proceeded to join Sir Charles Napier, then at the head of about 2,700 men, at a distance of about 20 miles from the capital of the Ameers. The latter hastened at the head of 22,000

men to attack the British force. On the 17th a battle took place, in which, after a severe struggle of three hours, the Ameers were totally routed, although the British force was not one-seventh that of the Ameers. The loss of the British troops was considerable. The Ameers on the following day surrendered themselves prisoners of war, and Hyderabad was occupied by the conquerors. The capture of this important position is of immense value.

At Affghanistan anarchy continues to prevail. Akbar Khan is said to be master of Cabul. Sufter Jung has been compelled to quit Candahar, and to seek safety in flight.

The Courts-martial on the officers engaged in the proceedings at Cabul have terminated in the acquittal of all.

SOUTH AMERICA.

General Oribe, the commander of the victorious army of Buenos Ayres, has crossed the river Urnguay, and was within

three days march of Monte Video. The British merchants were preparing to leave the city and embark. This advance of Oribe is in defiance of the demand of the English and French Ambassadors.

THE PACIFIC.

The inhabitants of Tahiti and the So

ciety Islands have been converted to Christian belief, habits, and civilization, by English missionaries; while the Sand

wich Islands have been indebted for the same boon to American missionaries. On the arrival of some Roman Catholic missionaries from France, the chiefs of the remain. latter islands would not permit them to

This was in 1837; and Admiral Dupetit Thouars himself admitted the right of the chiefs of the Sandwich Islands to send away missionaries, or any other persons, who disturbed the public peace.

It happened that the Queen of Tahiti, followed precisely the same conduct as the chiefs of the Sandwich Islands. She sent out of her country two French missionaries, who came to preach and to introduce religious dissension. Admiral hiti, in 1837, and exacted 2,000 piastres Dupetit Thours came on purpose to Taindemnity from the Queen for having so done. The precise aim of these mis. ́sionaries is clearly stated by Admiral Dumont D'Urville. 66 They thought," he said, "the moment arrived to make the lic church, in lieu of the doctrines of natives adopt the principles of the CathoThis policy has for

Protestantism."

the present prevailed.

HAYTI,

This noble island, which has been the scene of so many extraordinary changes of another political revolution, which, unlike government, has been lately disturbed by those that have preceded it, has been accomplished without bloodshed. The ex-President, Jean Pierre Boyer, with thirty-two of his adherents, having sought shelter in one of her Majesty's ships, arrived at Jamaica, March 19, on board the Scylla. He had been driven to this step by the resistance offered to the means he had adopted to get rid of the opposition to his government in the national legislature. At the head of this opposition was the Senator Dumeille, the representative of the province of Aux Cayes, who on five different occasions had been forcibly expelled from the Senate Chamber at the point of the bayonet, and on