United Kingdom, who met in Manchester and Duval, taking 1007. only, allowed the to celebrate the centenary of methodism. coach to proceed on its way. His gallantry Among his best-known productions in this notwithstanding, the name of Duval soon branch of art are likenesses of the chief became a terror to travellers, and large remembers of the Anti-Cornlaw League, which wards were offered for his capture. So hot were afterwards engraved. He had a large was the pursuit that Duval was compelled to practice in Liverpool and Manchester, and flee to France; but after a few months' time also in London. All his work was marked he returned, and shortly afterwards was by great taste and beauty. Throughout his taken, while drunk, in the Hole-in-the-Wall, artistic career he never wholly abandoned sub- Chandos Street. On 17 Jan. 1669-70 he was ject picture painting. One of his first and arraigned at the Old Bailey, and being found best known works in this line is 'The Ruined guilty on six indictments out of a much Gamester.' It was purchased by a Manches- greater number, which could have been proved ter print-seller named Dewhurst, and en- if necessary, was condemned to death. Many graved, earning for itself so great a popu- great ladies are said to have interceded for larity that a cartoon in Punch,' caricaturing his life, but the king, on Duval's capture, had Sir Robert Peel, was drawn from it, and an expressly excluded him from all hope of etching from the picture and some clever pardon, and on the Friday following (21 Jan.) verses (both by the artist) appeared in the he was executed at Tyburn. His body was 'North of England Magazine' for June 1842. cut down and laid in state at the Tangier He afterwards exhibited 'The Giaour,' 1842, Tavern, St. Giles's, where it was visited by 'Columbus in Chains,' 1855, 'The Dedication great crowds of all ranks, amid such unof Samuel,' 1858, 'The Morning Walk,' 1861, seemly demonstrations that the exhibition and many others in local exhibitions. He was stopped by a judge's order. Duval was also painted during his later years some clever buried in the centre aisle of Covent Garden sea pieces. Church, under a stone inscribed with an epitaph beginning:

Duval was a witty and accomplished writer. Many papers by him will be found in the pages of the North of England Magazine,' and in 1863 he published five pamphlets on the struggle then taking place in the United States between the North and South. [Manchester Examiner and Times, 17 June 1872; Art-Treasures Examiner; personal knowledge.]

A. N.

DUVAL, CLAUDE (1643-1670), highwayman, was born of poor parents at Domfront, Normandy, in 1643. A report which was current during his lifetime, that he was the son of a cook in Smock Alley, Without Bishopsgate, is sufficiently discredited. At the age of fourteen he was sent to Paris, where he remained in service till the Restoration, when he came to England in attendance on the Duke of Richmond. It was not long before he joined the ranks of the highwaymen, and in that capacity became notorious throughout the land, his fame resting hardly less on his gallantry to ladies than on his daring robberies. It is related, for instance, among many similar exploits, that on one occasion he stopped a coach in which a gentleman and his wife were travelling with 4007. in cash. The lady, with great presence of mind, began to play on a flageolet, whereupon she was asked by Duval to dance with him on the roadside turf. His request was granted, and a coranto solemnly executed, the husband looking on. The latter was then asked to pay for his entertainment,

Here lies Du Vall: Reader, if male thou art, Look to thy purse; if female, to thy heart. The only full account of the life and adventures of Duval is the Memoirs of Du

Vall: containing the History of his Life and Death' (4to, 19 pp., reprinted in Harleian Miscellany,' iii. 308), published immediately after his execution, and ascribed to the pen of William Pope. This pamphlet was copied almost literally by Alexander Smith in his Lives of the Highwaymen,' and is also reproduced in Celebrated Trials,' vol. ii.; but some of the incidents narrated in it, especially those dealing with Duval's relations with ladies of rank, appear unworthy of credence -a view which is to some extent borne out by the author's declaration on the title-page, that his work was intended as a severe reflexion on the too great fondness of English ladies for French footmen; which at that time of day was a too common complaint.' The tradition, however, that Duval was particularly successful in winning the favour of women is supported by Titus Oates (Eikòv Barλiký, 2nd edit. 1696, pt. i. p. 4), who sneers at the 'divers great personages of the feminine sex that on their knees made supplication for that insipid highwayman,' adding, it is true he was a man of singular parts and learning, only he could neither read nor write.' The same characteristic of Duval is also dwelt on at length by Samuel Butler in the satiric glorification of the highwayman

DUVAL, LEWIS (1774–1844), the eminent conveyancer, born at Geneva on 11 Nov. 1774, was the second son of John Duval of Warnford Court, Throgmorton Street, London, a well-known diamond merchant of Genevese origin, by his wife Elizabeth Beaufel de Vismes of the Nowell, York. He was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he took the degree of LL.B. in 1796, and was soon afterwards elected a fellow of his college. Duval was admitted a student of

Lincoln's Inn on 18 June 1793, and on leav

DUVAL, PHILIP (d. 1709 ?), painter, is stated to have been a native of France, a pupil of Charles le Brun, and to have studied painting in Venice and Verona, forming his style on the great painters of those towns. He settled in England about 1670, and practised for some years in London. In 1672 he painted for the Duchess of Richmond a picture of Venus receiving from Vulcan the armour for Eneas.' Having a taste for chemistry, he wasted most of his time and substance in the practice of it. He was asing Cambridge became a pupil of Charles sisted by the Hon. Robert Boyle [q. v.], who Butler (1750-1832) [q.v.], in whose chambers gave him a small annuity, but after that gentleman's death he fell into great want, he remained for rather more than two years. and his mind became disordered. He is He then commenced practice as a convey- stated to have died in London about 1709, ancer, and in the early years of his profes- and to have been buried at St. Martin's-insional career was much employed by Butler, the-Fields. In the gallery of M. Boyer who entertained the highest opinion of the talents of his old pupil. Duval was after- d'Aguilles were two pictures by Duval, rewards called to the bar in Trinity term presenting Europa' and 'Leda' (both engraved by J. Coelemans). Mariette attri1804. Unlike many eminent conveyancers, butes these to Philip Duval, but it is prohe owed his rise in the profession entirely to bable that they should be ascribed to ROBERT his skill as a chamber practitioner. He never DUVAL (1644-1732), born at the Hague, and published any legal work, and the hesitation a pupil of N. Wieling, who studied at Rome in his speech, to which he was subject, pre- and Venice, especially in the style of Pietro vented him from practising in court with any da Cortona. He married a daughter of one of chance of success. Upon the retirement of But- William III's chaplains, through whose inler, Preston, and Sanders, Duval became the fluence he obtained the direction of the royal acknowledged head of his particular branch of learning. Though not an original member of collections, and the superintendence of the the real property commission, he was subse-buildings at the royal palace of Loo. He was sent over to England to assist in cleaning and quently appointed a commissioner, and wrote the greater portion of the second report, which repairing the cartoons of Raphael and other pictures; he returned, however, to the Hague, related entirely to the establishment of a gene where in 1682 he was admitted a member of ral registry of deeds (Parl. Papers, 1830, xi. the Academy, and subsequently became di1-81). As a draughtsman Duval to a great ex-rector. The ceiling of the hall in the Academy tent followed Butler's forms; and being 'enwas painted by him. He died 22 Jan. 1732, dowed with a nice appreciation of language, aged 88. and a clear understanding of the objects of legal instruments, he did much to improve their perspicuity and precision' (DAVIDSON, Precedents and Forms in Conveyancing, 1874, i. 8). Among his more distinguished pupils were Sugden, Christie, Bellenden Ker, Tierney, Loftus Wigram, Joshua Williams, and Charles Hall, who married Duval's niece, and afterwards became a vice-chancellor.

Duval died at St. Petersburg House, Bayswater Hill, on 11 Aug. 1844, in his seventieth year, and was buried at St. George's Chapel in the Bayswater Road. His portrait by Sir George Hayter and a bust by Sievier are in the possession of his nephew, Mr. Lewis Duval.

[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Dussieux's Les Artistes Français à l'Etranger; Abecedario de P. J. Mariette; Vertue's MSS. (Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 23069); Immerzeel's Levens en Werken der Hollandsche en Vlaamsche Kunstschilders; Descamp's Vies des Peintres, vol. iii.; Galerie de M. Boyer d'Aguilles.]

L. C.

DWARRIS, SIR FORTUNATUS WILLIAM LILLEY (1786-1860), lawyer, eldest son of William Dwarris of Warwick and Golden Grove, Jamaica, by Sarah, daughter of W. Smith of Southam in Warwickshire, was born in Jamaica, 23 Oct. 1786, where he inherited a considerable property, but left the island in infancy, and was entered at

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supreme court of the state of New York, Albany, New York, 1871. A standard work of high authority. 4. 'Alberic, Consul of Rome,' an historical drama in five acts (anon.), 1832. 5. 'Railway Results, or the Gauge Deliverance;' a dramatic sketch, 1845. A Skit on the Railway Mania,' 'Young England,' &c. 6. Some New Facts and a Suggested New Theory as to the Authorship of Junius,' privately printed, 1850. The opinion of Dwarris was that the letters were written by several persons, of whom Sir Philip Francis was the chief. This volume, with other works on the same subject, was reviewed by Mr. C. W. Dilke in the Athenæum' for 1850 and 1851, and the articles are reproduced in his 'Papers of a Critic,' vol. ii. 7. 'A Letter to the Fellows of the Royal Society of Antiquaries on the Present Condition and Future Prospects of the Society,' privately printed, 1852; an argument in favour of a reduction in the

Rugby School 23 Oct. 1801. He proceeded thence to University College, Oxford, and took the degree of B.A. on 1 March 1808. Having determined upon adopting the law as his profession, he was called to the bar at the Middle Temple on 28 June 1811, and in the same year (28 Feb.) married Alicia, daughter of Robert Brereton, a captain in the army. Through his connection with Jamaica, he was appointed in 1822 one of the commissioners to inquire into the state of the law in the colonies in the West Indies, and on the passing of an act founded upon his report (he being the only surviving commissioner), his services were acknowledged by knighthood, an honour which was bestowed upon him at St. James's Palace on 2 May 1838. Numerous official appointments were conferred upon him. He was a member of the commission for examining into the municipal corporations, a master of the queen's bench, recorder of Newcastle-under-rate of subscription and on the necessity for Lyme, and counsel to the board of health. In 1850 he was elected a bencher of the Middle Temple, and in 1859 he was appointed its treasurer, when he was called upon to take the chief part in the ceremony of laying the foundation-stone of its new library. He was both F.R.S. and F.S.A., a vice-president of the Archæological Association, and a member of the Archæological Institute. Dwarris died at 75 Eccleston Square, London, on 20 May 1860, and was buried in Woking cemetery on 26 May; his wife died in the same house on 10 June 1856, and her remains were placed in the same cemetery on 16 June. Their family consisted of four sons and two daughters.

Allibone assigns to Dwarris the authorship of a volume entitled 'Juvenile Essays in Verse, 1805;' the volume is not to be found in the British Museum, and is unknown to his surviving children. His other publications were: I. 'Substance of the Three Reports of the Commissioner of Inquiry into the Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice in the West Indies; extracted from the Parliamentary Papers,' 1827. 2. The West India Question plainly stated, and the only Practical Remedy briefly considered,' 1828, in which Dwarris argued in favour of an improvement in the condition of the slaves and the gradual abolition of slavery. His views on these questions are also set out in a long letter which he addressed from Barbadoes in January 1823 to Dr. Parr (PARR, Works, viii. 25-8). 3.' A General Treatise on Statutes,' 1830-1, two parts; 2nd ed., assisted by W. H. Amyot, barrister-at-law, and the son-in-law of Dwarris, 1848; another ed. by Platt Potter, LL.D., one of the justices of the

VOL. XVI.

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increased energy in the society's operations. 8. A Letter to the Lord Chancellor on his Proposed Scheme for the Consolidation of the Statute Law,' 1853. 9. The Widow's Rescue,' 'Select Eulogies,' Schooled or Fooled,' a tale, 'Collected and Recollected,' 1855. To the 'Journal of the British Archæological Association' he contributed the following papers: On the Local Laws, Courts, and Customs of Derbyshire,' vii. 190-9; 'The Forest Laws, Courts, and Customs and the Chief Justices in Eyre, North and South of the Trent,' viii. 172-83; 'The Privileges of Sanctuary,' xiv. 97-110. In the 'Archæologia,' xxxiii. 55, is a paper by Dwarris 'On the History of one of the Old Cheshire Families,' the Breretons, with whom his wife was connected.

[Law Times, xxxv. 141 (1860); Rugby School Register, i. 86; Gent. Mag. June 1860, p. 646; Journal of Brit. Archæol. Assoc. (by T. J. Pettigrew), xvii. 182-3 (1861); information from his son, Canon Dwarris.] W. P. C.

DWIGHT, JOHN (A. 1671-1698), potter, is said to have been a native of Oxfordshire; to have proceeded B.C.L. from Christ Church, Oxford, 17 Dec. 1661; and to have been secretary to Bryan Walton, Henry Ferne, and George Hall, successively bishops of Chester. But if the statement be true that he succeeded as early as 1640 in making a few pieces of imperfect porcelain' (METEYARD, Life of Wedgwood, i. 188), he must have soon begun his experiments in ceramics. The first date in his history of which we can be certain is 13 April 1671, when Charles II granted him his first patent; the next is the death of his daughter Lydia, 3 March 1673. In 1684 a new patent was granted him on

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