sense. In old French the word, as used by Caxton, is written quayer, cahier, a copy-book, being only the modern modification of it.

Perlequing, however, is more likely to have come from par cœur than par quair, and for this reason amongst others, that at the time to which Dr. Gloag refers the peculiar usage, to have "perlequed" par quair (from the book) would have been looked upon as an unheard-of abomination in the Presbyterian Church. Even now, although "perlequing" may be safely classed among the bygone terrors which always seem to have anointed with gloom above his fellows the true-blue Presbyterian, the reproach conveyed, in some parts of Scotland, in the dreaded epithet 'paper minister" (one who reads his sermon) is still alive and well. J. B. S.

ANODYNE NECKLACE: SUSSARARA-Mr. Austin Dobson's edition of Goldsmith's charming tale has been described in a recent number of the Saturday Review (Jan. 12, p. 60) as an ideal edition," and the editor is commended for his "accurate habit of research." Curiously enough, however, on two points which the reviewer selects for comment both he and Mr. Dobson seem to be altogether astray.

The first is the exclamation of George Primrose's cousin: "May I die by an anodyne necklace, but I had rather be an under-turnkey in Newgate [than an usher at a boarding-school]" (chap. xx. p. 43, Works, Globe ed.). Editor and reviewer agree in thinking that the allusion is to some quack charm for teething infants, though it is hard to see how this is applicable. "An anodyne necklace" is evidently that which, according to Wilyam Bullein, "light fellows merrily will call......neckweede, or Sir Tristram's Knot, or St. Andrew's Lace "-in plain English, a hempen halter, which cures all pains. As the Water Poet explains the virtue of hemp:

"Some call it neck-weed, for it hath a tricke

To cure the necke that 's troubled with the crick."

The phrase, therefore, is a cant one for "may I be hanged."

a

The second point which puzzled both editor and reviewer is the word sussarara, when Mrs. Symonds says of Olivia, "Gentle or simple, out she shall pack with a sussarara (chap. xxi. p. 51, Globe ed.). They think it may mean hard blow"! It is rather a "summary process," and the word a popular perversion of the Low Latin certiorari, as the name of a writ, which comes out more plainly in the forms siserari and siserary used by Smollett, and sisserara used by Sterne (see Davies, Supplementary Eng. Glossary, s.v. "Siserara"). Compare priminary, a popular word for a trouble or scrape, from præmunire. A. SMYTHE PALMER.

Chelmsford Road, Woodford.

ARTICHOKES. Perhaps the following scraps from Oldys's Life of Dr. Moffet, 12mo., Lond., 1746, may be thought worth a nook in "N. & Q.":

"Another early Particular he takes notice of, in the Compass of his own Time, is that, where he tells us he remember'd when Artichokes were such Dainties in England, as to have been sold for a Crown a piece; and yet we find they did grow here, some Years before he was born; tho' it appears that they were then so scarce, as to be accounted a Present fit for a King; and some of the Nobility and Gentry who raised them in their Gardens, did send them as Presents to King Henry VIII. There seems to have been settled Rewards appointed Garden-Products to the Court; particularly, in a very for the Servants who brought those, and some other curious and authentic Manuscript we have had the Opportunity of inspecting, containing the Disbursements of that King's privy Purse, for above three Years, sign'd at the End of every Month by his own Hand, one Article is this- Anno 22° Regis, March 19th, Paid to a Servant of Master Treasurer's, in Reward for bringing Archecokks to the King's Grace, to York-Place, 33. 4d.' They are otherwise written in this Book, Artichokks. The speaking whereof remembers us of having also seen an old Earl of Winchelsea, and likely to appear in Print from Painting, sometime in the Possession of Heneage late Mr. Vertue, representing that King's Sister, Mary Queen Dowager of France, with her Husband Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk; and in her Hand, an Artichoke, with a Caduceus stuck in it; how fully accounted for, we know not, by those who conceive, there is in it, rather an emblematical, than historical Signification."

J. O. H.-P.

"REMARKABLE FUNERAL IN WALES."-The following paragraph appeared under the above heading in the second sheet (p. 9) of the Shrewsbury Chronicle for Dec. 14, 1883 :

"The village of Glyndyfrdwy, half way between Llangollen and Corwen, was on Wednesday week the scene of a most remarkable funeral, which excited a great amount of interest and curiosity. The occasion was the burial of Mr. Edward Lloyd, of the Sun Inn, who died the previous Sunday at the advanced age of eighty-three. Deceased had always been regarded as a man of very eccentric tastes and habits, having devoted most of his lifetime in attempting to accomplish impossibilities in the construction of mechanical appliances, most of which turned out to be mere fruitless and abortive schemes. Years ago the invention of perpetual motion remained among his unaccomplished achievements in mechanism. His eccentricity was carried to such an extreme that long ago he had given strict injunctions as to the arrangements to be observed at his funeral, which, strange to say, were observed to the letter by his relations. A strong stone coffin, the pieces of which were properly riveted and bolted together, had been prepared years ago for the occasion, its proper

"This Accompt-Book of K. Henry VIII. from the 17th of November in the 20th Year, to the 21st of December, the 23d of his Reign, tho' a little imperfect at the Beginning and End, contains 298 Pages in large Folio, and has many observable Particulars in it. In the Year 1634 it fell by chance into the Hands of Sir Orlando Bridgman, afterwards Lord Keeper of the Great Seal; who probably bound it in that fine, gilded, blue Turky-leather Cover it wears. In his Family it continued, till it was lately sold, among the Books, Curiosities, &c. of the late Mrs. Bridgman.

dimensions having been several times tested by deceased lying in it. This was placed in a grave in the parish churchyard, dispensing with the ordinary coffin. The body, tightly bandaged in calico, was, mummy-like, placed on a board, being fastened thereto by means of a piece of black cloth securely nailed all round. Another piece of black cloth extended loosely over the shoulders and the head, an aperture being left for the face. A white collar and black tie completed the apparel. In this state, and covered by a pall, it was conveyed to the churchyard and deposited in the stone coffin prepared for its reception, after which a large, thick flagstone was placed over it and the earth filled in. The utmost decorum was observed in the conduct of all the funeral arrangements, the vicar of the parish and two Dissenting ministers taking part in the service."

Queen's College, Oxford.

C. J. D.

A PLEA FOR BOOK-BUYING.-The following is by the celebrated author Marc Monnier, and I trust will succeed in finding a place in "N. & Q.," thereby catching the eye of many bibliophiles, to whom, I think, it will give much amusement:"Le Libraire aux Chalands. "Pour faire un livre, ami lecteur, Il faut un auteur; à l'auteur, S'il veut dîner à la fourchette, 11 faut un libraire-éditeur; A l'éditeur, fût-il Hachette, Il faut avant tout l'acheteur : Achète donc, lecteur, achète ! Comme l'auteur sans l'éditeur, Comme le livre sans l'auteur, Ainsi le lecteur sans le livre N'existe pas.-Si tu veux vivre, Achète et paie, ami lecteur !"

Geneva.

CH. TR.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF EPITAPHS.-In the recently published volume Curious Epitaphs, by William Andrews, F.R.H.S. (Hamilton, Adams & Co.), sixteen pages are devoted to a list of the various publications that deal with the bibliography of the subject. It must have cost Mr. Andrews and his coadjutor Mr. W. G. B. Page, of the Hull Subscription Library, considerable pains to compile such a list, which, although possibly incomplete, is, I believe, the first that has ever been attempted, and is, therefore, worthy of a note for reference. The little volume, despite its grave subject, is in itself most entertaining and amusing.

CUTHBERT BEDE. UNDERTAKERS' HERALDRY OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.-Amateurs of heraldry will find great interest in the position of a hatchment erected not one hundred miles from Queen Street, Mayfair. The widow's half is placed in chief, and a red lion is to be seen kicking his heels in the air, while the deceased husband's coat is lying on its side. M. E. B.

NEW YEAR'S DAY CUSTOM. The Berlin correspondent of the Standard reports that

during the dinner of the Imperial family the descendants of the first workers in the salt mines of Halle, Saxony, a family named Halloren, exercised the privilege which they have claimed for centuries of offering to the members of the reigning family the new year's congratulations, together with presents, of which salt and eggs are the chief features. These Halloren are renowned for their gigantic stature and their great strength. They continue to cling religiously to the customs of their ancestors, and their dress is that of two centuries ago? On subsequent days they will wait upon the other members of the Imperial family. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

HUNTINGDON CASTLE.-Can any contributor to "N. & Q." give me information concerning the old castle of Huntingdon, long the home of the descendants of Siward? It was a Saxon stronghold, built by Edward the Elder, and held during the reign of Edward the Confessor by Siward, the Anglo-Danish Earl of Northumbria, who led

"The moving wood to Dunsinane." Every reader of Shakespeare will remember the father's question, "Has he his hurts before?" when he is told that his son has fallen in the strife with Macbeth. His other son, Waltheof, was a child when his father died, and still a boy when the Conqueror first shook his lance on English soil. He was left by Morcar and Edwin as a hostage in the Normans' hands, but escaped to join the men of Northumbria in their struggle for England's liberty. Inheriting the lofty stature and bodily prowess of his father, he won all hearts. "Who is this that fights like Odin ?" asked his Danish kinsmen, who crossed the northern seas to lend their aid. When William saw him keeping the gates of York single handed against his advancing host, slaying Norman after Norman with his battle-axe, he strove to win him with bribes and promises, giving him back his father's earldoms as a feudal fief, together with the hand of his niece Judith.

The few years of Waltheof's married life were passed in the old keep of Huntingdon Castle, where wife and neighbour compassed his destruction. He was one among the guests at the fatal marriage feast at Colchester, and his unguarded

words over the wine-cup were reported by his treacherous wife. The young and gallant life was ended by the axe of the executioner. Waltheof's infant heiress became a ward of the crown, and was given in marriage to Simon St. Liz, or Lis, a crookedbacked soldier in the Conqueror's train. After his death she married the prince of Scotland. The name of Simon St. Liz occurs among the signatures to Stephen's charter of liberties. This is most probably her son by her first marriage, who espoused the cause of Stephen whilst the Scottish king held to Matilda. Henry II. dismantled the castle of Huntingdon as a nest of rebellion in the beginning of his reign, when Waltheof's eldest grandson was undoubtedly outlawed. The earldom of Huntingdon was claimed by Waltheof's Scottish descendants, and the old castle was enlarged by David le Scot. In this younger St. Liz we recognize the outlawed Earl of Huntingdon, to whom tradition points as the father of Robin Hood, who was born, as one of the oldest ballads assures us :—

"In the good green wood,

Among the lily flower."

Is not this a play upon the name St. Liz-lily, as obvious to the Englishmen of the fourteenth century as the Jacobite ballads, "Over the water to Charlie," &c., were to the men of the eighteenth? I have already traced the relationship of Robert Fitz-Walter to the St. Liz of Huntingdon in my essay on "The Moldekin of the Fourteenth Century," which appeared in the Antiquary, May, 1882, and shall gladly receive any information, local, incidental, or traditionary, which can throw light upon the fortunes of this heroic race. E. STREDDER.

The Grove, Royston. "CHILDE ROWLAND ΤΟ THE DARK TOWER CAME."-This striking passage in King Lear, III. iv., occurs, irrelevantly to the play generally, in a speech of Edgar. It has thoroughly the ballad ring about it, but I believe has never yet been traced to its source. Ritson suggests that the line is part of a translation of some Spanish, or perhaps French, ballad." If so-and I certainly think that Ritson points to the true quarter to which we should look-the ballad, whether Spanish or French, should belong to the Roland epic. Is there any among the Shakespearians of "N. & Q." who can suggest the possible original? The line was quoted with much effect in a sermon by Canon Farrar on the subject of temperance, preached, if I remember rightly, in Westminster Abbey.

C. H. E. CARMICHAEL.

Royal Society of Literature.

SACKVILLE STREET.-Sackville Street had the reputation of being the longest street in London without a crossing or break in the pavement. Whether it still deserves this reputation I know

not; but it has a peculiarity, and perhaps some of the readers of "N. & Q." can give the reason. There is not a single lamp-post in it. All the gaslamps are projected by iron rods from the walls of the houses, as the old oil lamps were a century ago. To what cause is this peculiarity attributable ? G. F. BLANdford.

BAKER FAMILY.-Can any of your readers inform me of the antecedents of Richard Baker, the purchaser of Orsett Hall, Essex? also of Thomas Baker, of Muscovy Court, Tower Hill, who died in 1793, aged fifty-nine? also of Philip Baker, Rector of Michelmarsh, Hants, who died in 1796 ? also the descendants of William Baker, sometime one of the coroners for Worcestershire, who resided at Fakenham in 1683? also of John Baker, who removed from Canterbury and resided at Bewdley in 1683? also of Charles Baker, of the Inner Temple, who lived in 1683 (vide Visitation of Worcester for 1683)? They bore for their arms, A greyhound courant between two bars sable, and crest, a cockatrice double wattled gules. Any information respecting the above family will be acceptable. C. E. BAKER.

May Villa, Humberstone, Leicester.

"PARADISI IN SOLE PARADISUS TERRESTRIS " is the title of a noted folio on gardening, published by John Parkinson, apothecary, of London, 1629. Will some learned scholar favour me with a translation of the title, and oblige many besides ?

H. T. ELLACOMBE.

fortress on the Firth of Forth having borne an BLACKNESS.-Is there any record of this old earlier name; and if so, what was it?

W. M. C. SHAKESPEARIAN QUERY.-Is not the word lend, in the Lover's Complaint (1. 26), a mistake_for tend? C. J.

Samian Ware.—Will any of your readers tell me the best work on Samian ware ? W. G. P.

DEVICES WANTED.-Upon an old leaden spout on a building which was formerly the Post Office and afterwards the Excise Office, Hull, there are two stamps or devices, which, alternating, run from the top to the bottom of the building. They are in raised relief. One design is a knight's helmet in profile, having as its crest a five-point rose with two leaves; the other is an eagle displayed. Both the devices are shown upon ornamental shield-like

tablets.

Can any one tell me what is the actual or probable meaning of the stamps? The building dates from the reign of Henry VIII., and is the traditional residence of the Suffragan Bishops of Hull. T. T. W.

WATKINSON OF Yorkshire.-Dr. Henry Watkinson, Chancellor of York 1664, had three sons,

Harry, Edmond, and William. I shall be glad of any information respecting Harry and Edmond, to whom they were married, &c., and to know if any memorial tablets exist in churches in Leeds or the

what arms do they possess, and are they descended from Argyll or Breadalbane? J. M. C.

E. J. ROBERTS.

are

We also have that they shall go into such lands as .......and there to watch for the sayd Fish and to Balke, "fit, convenient, and necessary to watch and balke in Hue, Conde, Direct and Guide the Fishermen which shall be upon the sayd Sea and Sea Coasts." And we have besides "Balking, Huing," &c. I would, therefore, ask for the exact senses of to balke and to conde.

Indulging in conjecture, "to conde" may be a variant of to con, to know, or as in the nautical phrase "to conn or cunn the ship "to direct the helmsman (or make him to know), and its position in our texts goes to confirm this. Similarly, "C to balke," occurring as it does before "Hue," and judging so far as one can from the West Riding phrase (Halliwell-Phillipps's Archaic Dictionary), To be thrown ourt balk to have one's banns published," might be a variant of to bawl or shout. But I wish to learn more accurately from their etymology, or from their other uses, provincial or otherwise, what their true meanings are.

BR. NICHOLSON. REGIOMONTANUS PREDICTED THE ARMADA.Where shall I find the prediction? All his works, as enumerated in the English Cyclopædia, appear to be either mathematical, chronological, or astronomical. C. A. WARD.

Haverstock Hill.

OLD EMERALD RING.-In the jewellery exhitwo relics of the Stuarts, one having a portrait of the old Pretender and the other a good-sized emerald engraved with a portrait of King James II., highly polished. They have since parted company, and I should very much like to know what has become of the latter, which belonged to the Cardinal of York.

RING COLLECTOR.

LADY F. Anna Cooke, daughter of Sir Anthony Cooke, and afterwards wife of Sir Nicholas Bacon and mother of Lord Bacon, speaks in 1550 of her own mother as Lady F. What does F. stand for? V.H.I.L.I.C.I.V.

"L. E. L."-In the Literary Sketch-Book (London, 1825, printed for Wm. Crawford), at p. 232, They are called, respectively, "All over the World are two short pieces of poetry signed "L. E. L." ing?" They seem to have been sent to the editor with thee, my Love," and "What was Oar Partlines have already appeared in the Literary Gazette. by a correspondent, "S. S. W."; and to the former pcem is appended a foot-note, to the effect that the Are these two of the early efforts of the unhappy Letitia E. Landon, whose melancholy death by poison at Cape Coast Castle, soon after her marriage to Mr. Maclean, caused much grief and many suspicions of unfair play in October, 1838; and are they republished in her collective works? E. WALFORD, M.A. 2, Hyde Park Mansions, N.W. ROMAN LEGION.-Can you or any of your readers kindly inform me if there is a work published wherein I can find a description of the routine or every-day life of a Roman legion-a description of its interior economy, duties in camp, exercises, &c.? Is there any brochure, or even novel, illustrating this published?

MALISE JAMES.

PORTRAITS AT EATON HALL.-Perhaps G. D. T. will be good enough to tell me, as he seems to have a knowledge of the portraits at Eaton Hall, if there is a picture there of Lady Grosvenor, the mother of the first Earl Grosvenor. LAD.

JOHN FORSTER.-What family did the man spring from of whom the following entry is registered in Trinity College ?

"John Forster, Pens", entered Trinity College on 26 February, 1724, son of James Forster, gentleman, Born at Enniskillen, Educated in Dublin by Mr. Grat tan, Tutor Mr. Rodgers, Junior Fellow 1734, Senior Fellow 1743, Rector of Tollyich mish, co. Donegal, 1750, will proved 13 October, 1788. In said will he leaves to Rector of Drumragh and Killyhagh 1757, Died 1788, a Mrs. Bollingbrook, of Dublin, 1,000l.; to Henry Grattan,