Dr. Short, in 1734, thus describes the Sulphur Wells,"Near five hundred yards east of the Bogg, over a small dry hill, lies the first of the three Sulphur Wells, on the north side of the village. A yard east of this is the second; and five yards and a half east of this rises up the third. These three being the only springs of this kind in use here; they have very pretty little stone basons laid for the water to rise up into, and are each enclosed in a small neat building of stone and lime, about a yard square on the insides, and nearly two yards high, covered over with two thick smooth flag stones laid shelving."*

To these wells another was added in 1746, "by a person who, by lease from the earl of Burlington, had acquired a right of searching for minerals in the Forest of Knaresborough, made a show as if he had a real intention of digging for coal, on the very spot where the sulphur wells were situated. This attempt alarmed the innkeepers and others at Harrogate, who were interested in the preservation of the wells: they gave him what legal opposition they could, and all the illegal that they durst. At length for the sum of £100, which they raised amongst themselves, the dispute was compromised, and the design, real or pretended, of digging for coal was abandoned. Sulphur water, however, had risen up where he had begun to dig. They enclosed the place with a little stone edifice, and putting down a bason made a fourth well."†

gentleman, and of a great estate. Talking of the spaw waters of Knaresbrough, but especially the Sulphur Well, and of the great virtue it has. Amongst other things he told me that he was there this year, and had a waiting boy with him, that for about a month before had been subject betimes to have something to rise up in his throat, and then to vomit blood. He carried the boy to the Sulphur Well, and having made him drink heartily of the water, he vomited up a skin, somewhat like a bladder, full of clotted blood. It came up, he says, by pieces, at three or four vomits. This is very strange, and well worth taking notice of."—p, 70. • History of Mineral Waters, p. 285.

+ Observations on the Sulphur Wells at Harrogate, by the Rt. Rev. R. Bishop of Llandaff, 1786.

The next improvement was made in 1804, when an improved stone basin was made as a receptacle of the waters, covered by a dome supported by eleven stone pillars, surrounded with a stone table, on which the water was served by female attendants. This arrangement continued until 1842, when the present pump room was erected. The water is now raised from the spring, by means of an air pump, into the room, along porcelain pipes, into vases of marble, from which it is drawn by taps, and served to the drinkers on a long semicircular mahogany table.

THE CRESCENT WATERS.

These springs were discovered in 1783; and that event is thus described by Dr. Walker, "The master of the Half Moon Inn, at Low Harrogate, had occasion this year, 1783, to dig for fresh water in the field behind his house, but, contrary to his expectations, the water he met with was so far from being pure, that it very nearly resembled the water of the Sulphur

The arrangements at this time are thus described in a tract published in 1841, entitled, Sketches of Harrogate; by a citizen of the world." "Most of the visitors are early risers. At seven o'clock, or soon after, they flock down to the Old Sulphur Well, the waters of which are distributed by some eight or ten nymphs, whose personal attractions are not calculated to make one insensible to the nauseous flavour of the draught which they bestow. The lady paramount of the fount is an old dame, styled indifferently Old Betty,' and The queen of Harrogate,' over whose head some eighty summers have passed, without diminishing her activity or garrulity. She is a privileged person, and dispenses the waters and quips and quodlibets with equal liberality. It is curious to observe the various effects which these draughts produce upon the countenances of those who partake of them. Disgust is expressed in a thousand ludicrous ways, and those who have accomplished the task may generally be observed consoling themselves with the somewhat uncharitable contemplation of the ludicrous distress of others. The scene is not unfrequently heightened by the very unsophisticated exclamations of some burly novice from the wilds of Yorkshire, or the classic districts of Bolton, Oldham, &c., who imbibes the waters for the first time."

+ Essay on the waters of Harrogate and Thorp Arch, p. 97.

Wells both in taste and smell." This spring was first analysed by Dr. Garnett, in 1790, who wrote a treatise on its virtues. It is now principally used for bathing purposes. In the same year another spring was found in the cellar of the same inn, which is yet occasionally used, and is said to resemble the Leamington water in its composition as well as in its effects.

Dr. Granville speaking of it, says, "As it neither contains sulphur nor a single trace of iron, with the largest proportion of carbonated soda of any of the springs of Harrogate, the water is in my opinion a most valuable one, and might be rendered useful in a variety of complaints in which no other of the Harrogate waters is suitable."

As this water was not analysed by Professor Hofmann, we append that of Mr. William West, of Leeds, as the most recent.

This Spa, which consists of a saline chalybeate, or chloride of iron spring, and a pure chalybeate, was added from the great laboratory of nature, in 1818. Dr. Adam Hunter, the first writer on their virtues, thus describes the event,two springs were discovered by boring in search of sulphur

"These

water to supply the increasing demand for the baths. The alluvial earth having been removed, a stratum of clay presented itself, beneath which lay a bed of sand, and this was found to cover a dark bluish aluminous earth, from under which the water issued. Three borings were made, each to the depth of eight yards; the first and third in the lowest part of the valley, and a few yards distant from the fence adjoining the road. In the first the water was found impregnated with salt. This was subsequently abandoned upon the discovery of the third, or Saline Chalybeate Spring,' which supplies the well now in use. The second boring, on the rising ground, in a line at right angles with the first and third, and at a distance of sixteen yards from the latter, is the Chalybeate Spring,' the water of which is conveyed in proper pipes down the declivity, and issues through a parapet wall into a basin placed for its reception.*

These waters are now served in an elegant building of iron and glass, attached to the concert room.

The Saline Chalybeate Spring has been frequently subjected to analysis, and with varying results. Dr. Adam Hunter, in his treatise on the mineral waters of Harrogate, gives the following as the solid contents per imperial gallon.

The analysis of Professor Hofmann will be found among that

of the other Harrogate waters, made in 1854.

"Essay on two mineral springs recently discovered at Harrogate."— p. 9-10.

THE MONTPELLIER SPRINGS.

These springs are situate in a most delightful piece of pleasure ground called the Montpellier gardens, which is one of the spots most highly favoured by nature, as it contains all the kinds of water most in request-strong sulphur, mild sulphur, saline chalybeate, and pure chalybeate; the three first kinds are brought by means of glass tubes into a neat little pump room, built in the Chinese style (soon to be exchanged for a more lofty and elegant building), where they are served to the drinkers. Dr. Hunter, writing on this spring in 1830, says," Thackwray's Garden Spring, or Crown Spa, is situated about two hundred yards distant from the Old Sulphur Well, nearly on a line with it, and in the lowest part of the valley,