JUD

victory at Beth-horon, 321; defeat and
death at Beer-Zâth, 323; history of his
exploits in 2 Macc., 465 sqq.
Judas, son of Simon, 339; imprisoned

and executed by Ptolemæus, 342, 343
Judas, an Essee, 373 note 5; his predic-

tion about Antigonus, 386 note 4
Judas, son of Sariphai, a teacher of the
law at Jerusalem, executed by Herod,
448

Judas, son of Hezekiah, heads a rising
against Archelaus, 453

Judeans, at court during the exile, 8;
position of the, in the eastern countries,
131 sq.; application of the name, 199
note 3; deported to Hyrcania, 206; to
Egypt, ibid.; transported from Meso-
potamia into Lydia and Phrygia, 238;
dispersion of, 239 sq.; alliances with
foreign nations, 245; in Egypt, their
sufferings under Ptolemy Philopator,
283; at the courts of the Ptolemies
and the Cæsars, 289 note 1; narrative
of, in 3 Macc., 469 sq.; in Gilead, op-
pressed by the Ammonites, and rescued
by Judas Maccabæus, 313; in Galilee,
314; their devotion to commerce, 363;
in Asia Minor and Greece, become
Roman citizens, 364; three sects of,
according to Josephus, 276 note 1, 365
note 2; led as captives in Pompey's
triumph, 401

Judith, story of, a young widow, kills
Holofernes, 477

Judith, book of, artificial names in, 189
note 1; its date and composition, 345,
474 899.

MAL

133 sq.; re-established by Ezra in Je-
rusalem, 135; anxiety to carry it out,
172; relation of the Sadducees to, 279;
of the Pharisees, 367 sqq.; and of the
Essees, 372 sqq.; its position in the
later Greek age, 489

Lebanon, cedar wood ordered from, for
the second temple, 101

Legio, a fortress built by Herod, 430
Leontopolis, the temple at, 354 sqq.; its
situation, 356

Levites, the small number who returned,
85; take part in the erection of the
second temple, 101 sq.; re-established
when the temple service was reor-
ganised, 113; their place in the public
services under Ezra, 146; more com-
pactly organised by Nehemiah, 160
Lights, feast of, origin of the, 312
Literature, increased activity in, during
the Persian age, 185 sqq.; in the Mac-
cabean period, 288 note 1; develop-
ment of, in the later Greek age, 461
sqq.

Lydda, a Samaritan district attached to
Judah, 228; restored to Judea by
Cæsar, 406

Lysanias, son and successor of Ptolemæus,
411; put to death at the instigation of
Cleopatra, 425

Lysias, appointed governor of Syria by
Antiochus Epiphanes, 310; despatches
troops for a second campaign against
Judas Maccabæus, 311; has Antiochus
Eupator crowned, on the death of Antio-
chus Epiphanes, 316; conducts a cam-
paign against Judas Maccabæus, 317
sq.; makes peace with the Judeans,
318; puts Menelaus to death, and ap-
points Alcimus as high-priest, 318; is
himself killed, ibid.

Lysias, situation of, 404 note 1
Lysimachus, brother of Menelaus, attacks
the people in Jerusalem, 295
Lysimachus, execution of, by Herod, 429

note 1

Maccabees, the, 306 sqq.; meaning of the
name, 309 note 1; referred to, in the
book of Enoch, 347 note 2; the books
of, 462 sqq., 471 note 2; first book of,
463 sq.; second book of, 162, 464 sqq.;
third book of, 283, 468 sqq.; fourth
book of, 484 sq.

Macedonia, Judeans in, 239

Machæras, an officer sent into Judea by
Antony, 414 sq.

Machærús, castle of, 394; on the east of
the Jordan, 403

Maked, captured by Judas Maccabæus,
314

Malachi, the prophet, denounces the priests,

MAL

174; character of his ministry, 176;
meaning of the name, 177 note 2; lan-
guage of, 182; evidence afforded by
his book of the prevailing spirit of in-
quiry, 194; denounces indifference, 200
Malich, having been advanced by Anti-

pater, murders him, 408; his own fate,
ibid.

Malich, or Malchus, successor of Aretas,
refuses to aid Herod, 412; war of
Herod with, 426; proposed flight of
Alexandra to. 427

Malthacê, mother of Archelaus, 449
Manahem, an Essee, 373 note 5; how
treated by Herod, 438

Manasseh, son of high-priest John, mar-
ries the daughter of Sanballat, 213;
flees to Samaria, 214, 216

Manasseh, uncle of Eleazar, high-priest,
271

Manasseh, husband of Judith, 476 note 3
Mareotis, lake, west of Alexandria, set-

tlement of Therapeutæ near, 376
Mareshah, or Marissa, defeat of priests at,
by Gorgias, 315; subdued by John
Hyrcanus, 350; inhabitants of, mal-
treated by the Samaritans, 353; de-
stroyed, 412

Mariamne, daughter of Alexandra, 408;
betrothed to Herod, ibid.; marriage
with Herod at Samaria, 416; shut up
in the Alexandreum, 427; executed, 428
Mariamne, a tower at Jerusalem erected
by Herod, 435

Marion, despot of Tyre, 408
Marriages, mixed, opposition of Ezra to,

139; dissolved, 142 sq.; opposition of
Nehemiah to, 160; prohibited by the
Covenant, 166

Masada, fortress of, on the south-west of
the Dead Sea, 382; flight of Herod to,
412; besieged by Antigonus, 413; re-
lieved by Herod, 414; Herod shuts up
his Idumean relations in, 427; refitted
by Herod, 435

Masaloth, Syrian troops at, 323
Masôra, the, supposed origination of, by
Ezra, 161

Maspha, captured by Judas Maccabæus,

314

Massêpha, or Mizpah, 310

Mattathias, a priest, of the family of

Joarib, 306; retires to Môde'îm, 307;
and flees into the wilderness, ibid.; his
death, 308

Mattathias, son of Simon, imprisoned by
Ptolemæus, 342 sq.; and murdered by
him, 343

Mattathias, name assumed by Antigonus
with the high-priesthood, 412, 416. See
Antigonus

Matthias, high-priest, deposed by Herod,

448

VOL. V.

NEH

Matthias, son of Margaloth, a teacher of
the law at Jerusalem, executed by
Herod, 448, 450

Mêdeba, formerly a Moabite city, Johanan
slain at, 324; captured by John Hyr-
canus, 349; situation of, 397 note 6
Medes, designation employed by Eschy-
lus and Aristophanes, 40 note 1
Mediterranean, the, residence of Israelites
on, 4; of Judeans, 239 sq.
Megillath Ta'anith, the, 381
Memphis, Israelites in, 3 note 1
Menelaus, brother of Simon, one of the
sons of Tobias, obtains the high-priest-
hood, 295; made prisoner, and then
liberated, 296; maintains himself in
Jerusalem, ibid.; put to death by Lysias,
319
Messianic hopes, of the Judeans in Baby-
lon, 67; Cyrus regarded as the instru
ment of their accomplishment, 69;
around Zerubbabel, 117; in Ecclesias-
ticus, 263; in the days of Simon, 361;
in the book of Enoch, 348 sq.; in the
Wisdom of Solomon, 481, 484
Michmash, on the north of Jerusalem,
Jonathan settles at, 326

Migdol, Israelites in, 3 note 1
Miletus, Judeans in, 239

Mithra, worship of, among the Persians,

40 note 2

Mizpah, on the north of Jerusalem, the
faithful assemble at, 310

Môde'îm, a town west of Jerusalem, 307;
monument erected in, by Simon, 337
Mordecai, a Chaldean name, 33 note 2;
a Medo-Persian name, 230 note 3. See
Book of Esther

Moses, the Ascension of,' 479, 496, 498
Music, influence of Greek, 267

Nabateans, the foundation of their power,
153; east of the Jordan, 314, 324;
the extent of their rule, 351
Nabuchodrozzor, his treatment of Israel,
2; account of his madness in Daniel,
2 note 2; his death, 18

Nabuchodrozzor, name of a king in the
book of Judith, 475

Nabunid, the last king of Babylon, 52
Nahum, the prophet of Elkosh, 93
Nasi, i.e. royal prince of Judah, a title
applied to Zerubbabel, 87 note 7
Nazirites, at Mizpah, 310; compared with
the Essees, 371, 373

Nectanebus, king of Egypt, alliance of
Judeans with, 206

Nehemiah, his resemblance to Ezra, 147;
cup-bearer to Artaxerxes I., 148; his
behaviour on hearing of the ruinous
condition of Jerusalem, 149; obtains
leave to rebuild the city walls, 150;

NEH

arrival at Jerusalem, ibid.; difficulties
in his way, 151 sqq.; not to be in-
timidated, 154; organises the defence
of Jerusalem, 155 sq.; invited to con-
ference at Ono, 156; his life aimed at,
157; distributes the work of rebuild-
ing, and takes part in the consecration
of the walls, 158; his rigorous ad-
ministration, 159; revisits the Persian
court, 160; returns to Jerusalem, ibid.;
later representation of, 161 sqq.; in
the book of Enoch, 162; recovers the
holy fire, 162; renders Ezra aid in
establishing the covenant, 167
Nehemiah, book of, purity of its lan-

guage, 182, 190; iii. 1-32, 82 note 3,
86 note 4, 151 note 4, 158 note 2; vii.,
82 note 3; viii.-x., 147 note 3, 161 note
3, 165 note 1; xi. 3-xii. 26, 159 note
2; xi. 25-35, 82 note 3; xii. 27-43,
158 note 7

Neriglissor, king of Babylon, 52 note 1
Nicanor, a Syrian general, his campaign
against Judas Maccabæus, 310; sent
by Demetrius against Jerusalem, 321;
is defeated at Capharsalama, and falls
at Beth-horon, 321

Nicaso, daughter of Sanballat, 213
Nicolaus of Damascus, a historian, 395,
471; secretary of Herod, 417; sent to
Rome by him, 443; convicts Antipater,
447; intrigues for Archelaus in Rome,
451; his attitude towards the Judeans,
458; and towards heathenism, 459
Noadiah, a prophetess, bribed against
Nehemiah, 157

Nobles, the, or free men, 87
Numenius, son of Antiochus, sent by
Jonathan as ambassador to Rome,
332; despatched again to Rome by
Simon, 336

Obadiah, a fragment of an oracle of, re-
produced by a later prophet, 15
Obedas or Obodas, an Arabian king, de-
feats Alexander Jannæus, 389; 442
Octavian, favours Herod at Rome, 413;

his war with Antony, 425; his recog-
nition of Herod, 427. See Augustus
Old Testament, feelings to which it owed
its formation, 280

Olympus, chamberlain of Herod, 443
Onias I., high-priest, son of Jaddûa, 270
Onias II., high-priest, son of Simon I.,
271

Onias III., high-priest, son of Simon II.,
274; resists the efforts of Simon to
crush him, 292; is assassinated, 295,
355; called the 'prince of the cove-
nant,' 296 note 2

Onias, son of Onias III., takes refuge in
Egypt, 355; obtains permission to

PHA

build the temple at Leontopolis, 356;
resists Ptolemy Physcon, 357; his
position in Egypt, 383

Onias, of Jerusalem, famous for his
magical powers, his fate, 398
Onion, the town and district of the temple
at Leontopolis, 356

Ono, west of Jerusalem, Nehemiah invited
to a conference at, 156

Oracle, the, of the high-priest, fell into
disuse, 171

Oriental Philosophy, influence of, 184
sq.; in the Wisdom of Solomon, 480
note 1

Ormiza, a village, east of the Jordan, 426

Pacha, an Assyrian title, applied to Zerub-
babel, 87 notes 5, 7
Pachath-Moab, the governor of Moab, 86
note 4

Pacorus, a Parthian prince, 410
Pacorus, a Parthian officer, 411
Palestine, origin of the name, 235 note 1
Paneas, the ancient Dan, 236; Scopas
defeated at, 284; temple near, built by
Herod, 436

Pappus, sent by Antigonus against Ma-
chæras, 415

Parthian Judeans, their contributions to
the temple, 131 note 4

Parthians, the, described in the book of
Enoch, 347 note 2; advance of, 403;
overrun Syria, 410

Patriarchs, the, history of, 473

Pella, one of the cities of the Decapolis.
on the east of the Jordan, 236; reduced
by Alexander Jannæus, 391; Pompey
marches through, 399

Pentateuch, the Samaritan, 217, 281
Perdiccas, restores Samaria, 227, 236
Peræa, left to Herod Antipas, 449
Pergamus, Judeans in, 239; the king of,

seeks alliance with the Judeans, 245;
its alliance sought by John Hyrcanus,
364

Peripatetics, among the Judeans, 257
Persian terms, introduced into Judea,
180

Persian power, the, in Syria, overthrown,
214, 222

Persians, nature of their religion, 39 sq.;

first occurrence of the name, 40 note 1
Petra, the seat of the Nabatean kings,
412. See Sela
Petronius, Roman governor of Egypt,

assists Herod during a famine, 432
Phalion, an Idumean of the time of
Herod, 421 note 2

Pharisees, the, 365 sqq.; their abuse of
prayer, 24, 366; their number, 367;
their philosophical views, 368; meaning
of the name, 369; promote the intro-

PHA

duction of new annual feasts, 380 sq.;
their hostility to John Hyrcanus, 382,
384; their discontent with Alexander
Jannæus, 388 sq.; their ascendency
after his death, 392 sqq.; treatment
of, by Herod, 438; refuse to take the
oath of allegiance to him, 445; their
degeneration towards the time of Christ,

498

Pharos, the island of, 358

Phasael, eldest son of Antipater, 406;
seeks the Parthians, 411; made priso-
ner, 412; kills himself, ibid.
Phasaêlis, a city erected by Herod near
Jericho, 435; bequeathed by Herod to
Salômê, 450

Phasaêlis, a tower at Jerusalem, 435;
Sabinus takes refuge in, 452
Pheroras, youngest brother of Herod,
414; put in charge of the kingdom by
Herod, 427; laments Mariamne, 428;
made tetrarch of Peræa, his suspicions
of Alexander and Aristobulus, 439,
441; connection of his wife with the
Pharisees, 445; his death, 446
Philadelphia, formerly Rabbath-Ammon,
236, 343; Herod's contest at, 426
Philip, appointed by Antiochus Epiphanes
guardian of his son, 316; seeks aid
from Egypt, 317

Philip, son of Herod by Cleopatra, 449;
tetrarch of north-eastern provinces,
450; left in power by Archelaus, 451;
taxes demanded by Augustus, 455
Philistines, their territory occupied by
the Idumeans, 81; of Ashdod, their
league with Sanballat and Tobiah, 155
Philo, author of an epic poem on Jerusa-
lem, 260

Philo, of Alexandria, his description of
the Basket-feast, 358; and of the
Therapeutæ, 375 sqq.

Philosophy, influence of Oriental, 184
sq.; new Scholastic language of, 189;
sceptical tendencies of, in the book of
Koheleth, 193 sq.; influence of Greek,
256 sqq., 275; among the Samaritans,
279; among the Pharisees, 368; in
the Wisdom of Solomon, 480
Philostephanus, an officer of Ptolemy
Lathurus, 387

Philoteria, a city on the lake of Galilee,

236

Phoenicia, occupied by Ptolemy Lagi,
225; Judeans in, 239

Phoenicians, alliance of Judeans with, 206
Phylacteries, origin of, 367 note 3
'Pilgrim songs,' in the Psalter, 102
Pious, the, see Chasidees and Pharisees
Pitholaus, an officer of Aristobulus, 403,
408; put to death by Cassius, 403
Platonic school, the, among the Judeans,
257

PSA

Pollio, a Pharisee, teacher of Sameas, 413,
423

Pompey, arrives at Damascus, 398;

marches through Jericho to attack
Jerusalem, 399; his triumph, 401
Prayer, power of, during the Captivity,
23; abuse of, in the age of the Phari-
sees, 24; in public worship, 145; prac-
tice of, among the Pharisees, 366
Priesthood, the, its position under the
Hagiocracy, 204

Priests, the, their activity in the return
from the Captivity, 84; their share in
the erection of the second temple, 101,
102; twenty-four divisions for the
temple-service, 113; their immunity
from taxes, requested by Ezra, 136;
assist Ezra in the public services, 146;
their behaviour denounced by Malachi,
174

Pronunciation, difference between the
Hellenistic and that of the Masôra, 132
note 2

Prophecy, its position during the exile,
35 sq.; causes of its extinction, 175
sqq.

Prophetic teaching, cessation of, during
the Captivity, 9 sq.

Prophetic books, re-edited in the Persian
age, 191

Prophetic-poetic compositions in the later
Greek age, 473 sqq.

Prophets, during the second generation
of the exiles, 41 sq., 46 sq.; assembled
round the new sanctuary, 102; bribed
against Nehemiah, 157

Proselytes, of the first degree, 28 note 2;
their importance in the history of
Israel, 31

Proseuchæ, established in heathen coun-
tries, 23, 242 note 8

Proverbs, book of, xxxi. 10-31, 189 note
2

Psalms, the later, composition of, 191
Psalms, the book of, xiv. (liii.), 7 note 3,
42, 102 note 7; xxiii., 187 note 2;
xxvii. 1-6, 187 note 2; xxx., 112 note
4; xxxiii., 187 note 3; xxxv., 188 note
2; xliv., 120 note 1; xlvii., 112 note 4 ;
liii., 7 note 3, 42; lvi.-lviii., 16 note 4;
lx., 120 note 1; lxvi. 1-12, 112 note 4,
187 note 3; lxvii., 112 note 4, 187 note
3; lxviii., 98 note 1, 112 note 4; lxix.,
16 note 3, 188 note 2; lxxi., 16 note 3,
188 note 2; lxxiii., 16 note 3; lxxiv.,
120 note 1, 188 note 3; lxxvii., 16 note
3, 98 note 1, 192 note 1; lxxviii., 121
note 4, 191 note 6; lxxix., 120 note 1,
188 note 3; lxxx., 98 note 1, 120 note
1, 188 note 3; lxxxi., 98 note 1, 187
note 3; lxxxii., 16 note 4; lxxxiii., 148
note 3, 153 note 4, 155, 188 note 3;
lxxxv., 120 note 1; lxxxvi., 187 note

PSA

188 note 4;

4; lxxxvii., 102 notes 6, 7,
lxxxix., 119, 120; xc.-cl., 187 note 3;
xci., 62 note 1, 114 note 3, 187 note 1;
xciii., 112 note 4; xciv., 16 note 3;
Xcv., 112 note 4; xcvii., 54 note
xcviii., 54 note 2; xcix., 191 note 6;
cii., 16 note 3, 188 note 2; ciii., civ.,
114 note 3; cv., 191 note 6; cvi., 173
note 1, 191 note 6; cvii., 173 note 1;
cviii., 187 note 4; cix., 188 note 2;
cxi., cxiii., 188 note 1; cxi.-cxiv., 173
note 1; cxv., 101; cxvi., 101, 182 note
2, 187 note 1; cxviii., 101; cxix., 172,
188 note 1, 189; cxx., 188 note 4;
cxx.-cxxxiv., 102 note 7; cxxi., 44 note
2; cxxiii., 7 note 3; cxxiv., 7 note 2;
cxxvi., 115 note 1; cxxix., 7 note 2;
cxxxi., 44 note 2; cxxxii., 102 note 7,
119, 191 note 6; cxxxiii., 44 note 2;
cxxxiv., 114 note 1; cxxxvi., 191 note
6; cxxxvii., 7 note 3, 102 note 7, 115
note 2; cxxxviii., 125; cxxxix., 62 note
1, 114 note 3, 182 note 2, 187 note 1;
cxliv., 187 note 4; cxlvii., 148 note 3,
161 note 1; cxlvii., cxlviii., 173 note
2; cxlix., 148 note 3, 161 note 1; cl.,
191 note 5

Psalms of Solomon, 301 sq.
Ptolemæus, son of Dorymenes, his
campaign against Judas Maccabæus,
310

Ptolemæus, son of Chabûb, son-in-law of
Simon, 341; murders Simon, 342; im-
prisons Mattathias and Judas, 342 sq.;
and their mother, 343; executes them,
and flees across the Jordan, ibid.
Ptolemæus, son of Mennæus, oppresses
Damascus, 391, 394; marries the widow
of Aristobulus, 404; brings back
Antigonus, 408

Ptolemæus, minister of Herod, 417
Ptolemais, the ancient Accho, 314; Alex-

ander Balas in, 327; Jonathan appears
before Demetrius at, 330; Jonathan
made prisoner at, 333; besieged by
Alexander Jannæus, 387; but not re-
duced, 392; besieged by Tigranes, 393;
Herod lands at, 413; Herod accom-
panies Octavian to, 427

Ptolemy Lagi, occupies Phoenicia and
Cole-Syria, 225; and Jerusalem, 226
Ptolemy I., concedes the Macedonian
Isopolity to the Judeans in Egypt,
237

Ptolemy Philadelphus, liberates the Ju-
deans in Egypt, 226 note 2, 244; sends
to Jerusalem for a copy of the law,
250; consequences of his death, 282
sq.; narrative of, in the book of Aris-
teas, 472
Ptolemy Euergetes, his expedition against
the Syrian kingdom, 283

Ptolemy Philopator, 227; his wars with

RUT

Antiochus the Great, 283 sq.; narrative
of him in 3 Macc., 469 sq.
Ptolemy Epiphanes, his agreement with
Antiochus the Great, 284; plunges
Egypt into embarrassments, 291
Ptolemy Philomêtor, attains independent
power, 294 note 5; captured by An-
tiochus Epiphanes, 296; settles a dis-
pute about the pre-eminence of Jerusa-
lem or Gerîzîm, 353 sq.; grants &
sanctuary at Leontopolis to Onias, 356;
his death, 357

Ptolemy Physcon, sends Alexander Zebina
to the Syrians, 352; advances from
Cyrênê after the death of his brother
Ptolemy Philomêtor, 357

Ptolemy Lathûrus, intended to come to
the rescue of Samaria, 353; attacks
Asôchis, 387; advances through the
country, 388

Punctuation, connection between the
Hebrew and Syriac, 132 note 2

Pûrîm, feast of, first celebrated in Persia,
231; not long kept up in Egypt, 358;
celebration of, in distant lands, 380; a
preliminary celebration of the Passover,
380 note 7

Raepta, an Arabian fortress, taken by
Herod, 443
Ragaba, in the territory of Gerasa, be-

sieged by Alexander Jannæus, 392
Rages, a city of Media, 212 note 2
Ramathem, a Samaritan district attached
to Judah, 228

Raphael, delineation of, in the book of
Tobit, 211

Raphia, victory of Ptolemy Philopator at,
283; captured by Alexander Jannæus,
388
Raphôn captured by Judas Maccabæus,
314

Rehum, a Persian councillor in Samaria,
107

Rêssa, a fortress, south of Jerusalem, 414
Return from the Captivity, number of

those who accompanied Zerubbabel, 82

sq.
Rhesa Meshullam, said to have succeeded
Zerubbabel, 118 note 7

Rhinocolûra, on the Egyptian boundary,

392

Rhodes, Herod visits Octavian in, 427
Rome, community of Judeans in, 240;
attitude of, to the Syrian disputes, 316;
league with, 322; Jonathan despatches
ambassadors to, 332; Numenius sent
with gifts to, by Simon, 336; embas-
sies of John Hyrcanus, 352, 364; final
supremacy of, 456

Rufus, an officer of Archelaus, 452
Ruth, book of, 211