European Civilization: A Political, Social and Cultural History

administration Archbishop army Athens Austria authority barons became bishops Byzantine Byzantine Empire Carolingian Catholic century Charlemagne Charles Christian Church cities civil clergy coast colonies conquered conquest Constantinople court crown crusades culture Danube defeated died duchies Duke Dutch East ecclesiastical economic Egypt emperor England English established Europe feudal Flanders France Frankish Frederick French Gaul German Greek Hellenic Henry Henry III Henry IV Holy imperial important invaders Italian Italy Jerusalem king king's kingdom Kingdom of Jerusalem land Latin literature Lombard Louis XIV medieval Mediterranean Middle Ages military Mohammedan monarchy monasteries monks Netherlands nobles Norman Normandy Norsemen North papacy papal Paris Parliament peace Persian Philip political pope princes Protestant provinces reform reign religion religious Renaissance revolution Roman Empire Rome royal rule ruler Russia Saxons Senate Sicily Spain Spanish Spanish Netherlands taxes territory tion towns trade victory West western William