254. Hoseas Propheta. Introductionem præmisit, vertit, commentatus est Joannes Christianus STUCK. Lipsiæ, 1828. 8vo.

A valuable help to the study of the writings of Hosea. The Introduction contains a history of the prophet, and of the time when he lived; disquisitions on the genius and argument of his prophecy, and on some particular portions of it; philological observations on the prophet's style, and the history of his predictions, which are divided by Dr. Stuck into nineteen sections. He professes to have consulted the labours of preceding commentators and critics, especially Eichhorn, Kuinöel, Boeckhel, Rosenmüller, Gesenius, and De Wette.

JOEL.

255. Caroli Philippi CoNz Dissertatio de charactere poetico Joelis, cum animadversionibus philologico-criticis. Tubinga, 1783. 4to.

256. A Paraphrase and Commentary on the Prophecy of Joel. By Samuel CHANDLER. London, 1735. 4to.

257. Joel, Latine versus, et notis philologicis illustratus, ab A. SVANBORG, Lingg. 00. Professoris in Academia Upsaliensi. Upsaliæ, 1806. 4to.

AMOS.

258. Amos Propheta, expositus, interpretatione nova Latina instructus, amplissimo commentario ex theologia Ebræa ac Israelitica illustratus, cum quatuor appendicibus. Cura et studio J. Ch. HARENBERGII. Lugd. Bat. 1763. 4to.

259. Oracula Amosi. Textum, et Hebraicum, et Græcum Versionis Alexandrinæ, notis criticis et exegeticis instruxit, adjunctaque versione vernacula [i. e. Germanicâ] edidit Joannes Severinus VATER. Hala, 1810.

4to.

260. Disputatio Academica de Amoso. Quam .publico examini submittit Theodorus Gulielmus Johannes JUYNBOLL. Lugduni Batavorum,

1828. 4to.

OBADIAH.

261. Friederici PLUM Observationes in Textum et Versiones, maximè Græcas, Obadiæ et Habacuci. Hauniæ. 1796. 8vo.

262. Obadiæ prophetæ Oraculum in Idumæos, hujus populi historiâ perscriptâ, et versionibus antiquissimis commentariisque tam patrum ecclesiasticorum quam interpretum recentium adhibitis, in Linguam Latinam translatum et enucleatum a Carolo Ludovico HENDEWERK. Regiomonti Prussorum, 1836. 8vo.

JONAH.

263. Aug. PFEIFFERI Prælectiones in Prophetiam Jonæ, recognitæ et in justum commentarium redactæ, quibus emphases vocum eruuntur, verus sacræ Scripturæ sensus exponitur, sententiæ variæ et Judæorum et Christianorum adducuntur, falsæ refelluntur, et quæstiones dubiæ resolvuntur. Wittebergæ, 1671, 1706; Lipsiæ, 1686. 4to.

This commentary is also extant in the collective edition of Pfeiffer's works, printed at Utrecht, in two volumes 4to. in 1704. See tom. ii. pp. 1131-1165.

264. Jonah: a faithful translation from the original, with philological and explanatory Notes; to which is prefixed a preliminary discourse, proving the genuineness, the authenticity, and the integrity of the present text. By George BENJOIN. Cambridge, 1796. 4to.

Literally good for nothing. — In proof of this remark, see the British Critic, vol. x. O. S. pp. 493-506., 622-636.

265. Jo. Theophili LESSINGII Observationes in Vaticinia Jonæ et Nahumi. Chemnitii, 1786. 8vo.

266. De vera libri Jonæ interpretatione Commentatio Exegetica. Quam ......scripsit Godofredus LABERENZ. Fuldæ, 1836. 8vo.

MICAH.

267. Johannis TARNOVII in Prophetam Micham Commentarius. Rostochii, 1632. 4to.

NAHUM AND HABAKKUK.

268. Adami WILDII Meditationes Sacræ in Prophetam Nahum. Francofurti, 1712. 4to.

A learned and elaborate work, which contributes greatly to the elucidation of the prophet Nahum. (Walchius.)

269. Symbolæ Criticæ ad Interpretationem Vaticiniorum Habacuci, etc. Auctore Henr. Car. Alex. HAENLEIN. Erlang. 1795. 8vo.

270. Chabacuci Vaticinium Commentario Critico atque Exegetico illusEdidit B. P. KoFOD. Göttingæ, 1792. 8vo.

tratum.

271. Prolusio ad Interpretationem tertii capitis Habacuci. Auctore Joanne Gustavo STICKEL. Neostadii, 1828. 8vo.

HAGGAI.

272. Haggeus, the Prophet; whereunto is added a most plentiful Commentary gathered out of the Publique Lectures of Dr. J. J. Gryneus, faithfully translated by Christopher FEATHERSTONE. London, 1586. 12mo.

273. An Exposition upon the Prophet Aggeus. By James PILKINGTON, Master of St. John's College, Cambridge. London, 1560. 8vo.

ZEPHANIAH.

274. Spicilegium Observationum Exegetico-criticarum ad Zephania Vaticinia. Auctore Dan. à COELLN. Breslau, 1818. 4to.

ZECHARIAH.

275. Hermanni VENEMA Sermones Academici, vice Commentarii ad Librum Prophetiarum Zachariæ. Leovardiæ, 1787. 4to.

276. Zechariah: a New Translation, with Notes critical, philological, and explanatory, etc. By Benjamin BLAYNEY, D.D. Regius Professor of Hebrew. London, 1797. 4to.

This work is executed on the same plan as the author's version of Jeremiah, already noticed in p. 289. suprà. "We think it our duty to say, that Dr. Blayney has produced a valuable illustration of Zechariah, and afforded great assistance to the biblical student." (British Critic, O. S. vol. xiii. p. 655.) See also the Monthly Review, N. S. vol. xxviii. pp. 26-28.

277. F. B. KOESTER Meletemata Critica et Exegetica in Zachariæ Prophetæ partem posteriorem, cap. ix-xiv. pro tuenda ejus authentia. Göttingæ,

1818. 8vo.

278. A Commentary on the Vision of Zechariah the Prophet, with a corrected Translation and Critical Notes. By John STONARD, D.D. London, 1824. 8vo.

"The specimens we have given will sufficiently recommend the volume to the perusal of our readers, as highly deserving of their most careful perusal, and as entitling the learned author to the cordial thanks of every biblical student." (Eclectic Review, N. S. vol. xxiii. p. 416. See also the Quarterly Theological Review, vol. i. pp. 329–347.)

279. An Amicable Controversy with a Jewish Rabbi on the Messiah's Coming. With a New Exposition of Zechariah on the Messiah's Kingdom. By J. R. PARK, M.D. London, 1832. 8vo.

MALACHI.

280. A Commentary upon the whole Prophesye of Malachy. By Richard STOCK. London, 1641. folio.

This work was recommended by Bishop Wilkins as the best extant in his day on the prophet Malachi.

281. A Brief and Plain Commentary, with Notes not more useful than seasonable, upon the whole Prophecie of Malachy; delivered sermonwise divers years since at Pitminster in Summerset. By William SCLATER, D.D. London, 1650. 4to.

282. Salomonis VAN TIL Malachias Illustratus. Lugd. Bat. 1701. 4to. 283. Hermanni VENEMA Commentarius ad Librum Elenchtico-Propheticum Malachiæ; quo variis simul aliis Scripturæ Sacræ locis nova lux infunditur. Leovardiæ, 1759. 4to.

284. C. F. BAHRDT Commentarius in Malachiam, cum Examine Critico Versionum Veterum, et Lectionum Variarum Houbigantii. Accedit Specimen Bibliorum Polyglottorum. Lipsiæ, 1768. 8vo.

§ 5. COMMENTATORS ON THE APOCRYPHAL BOOKS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT. 1. A Critical Commentary on such Books of the Apocrypha as are appointed to be read in Churches: viz. Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, Tobit, Judith, Baruch, History of Susannah, and Bel and the Dragon. With two Dissertations on the Books of Maccabees and Esdras. By Richard ARNALD, B.D. Second Edition, corrected. London, 1760, folio; also various editions in 4to.

This valuable Commentary on the Apocryphal Books originally appeared at different times it is frequently bound up with the Commentaries of Patrick, Lowth, and Whitby on the Canonical Books of Scripture, and is deservedly held in high estimation.

2. Jo. Phil. BAUERMEISTERI Commentarius in Sapientiam Salomonis, Librum Veteris Testamenti Apocryphum. Göttingæ, 1828. 8vo.

3. De Libri Sapientiæ Alexandrina Indole perperam asserta. Scripsit Carolus Ludovicus Wilibaldus GRIMM. Jenæ, 1833, 8vo.

Some Commentaries, annexed to critical editions of particular Apocryphal Books, will be found in p. 141, suprà.

§ 6.

PRINCIPAL COMMENTATORS ON THE NEW TESTAMENT, AND ON
DETACHED BOOKS THEREOF.

[i] Commentators on the entire New Testament.

1. Laurentii VALLE Annotationes in Novum Testamentum, ex diversorum utriusque linguæ, Græcæ et Latinæ, codicum collatione. Parisiis, 1505. 8vo.

Valla held a distinguished rank among the revivers of literature, and was one of the first who considered the sense of the New Testament as a critic rather than as a divine; whence he was led to make many corrections in the Latin Vulgate translation. His annotations were first edited by Erasmus: they are also to be found in the Critici Sacri.

2. Desiderii ERASMI Paraphrasis in Novum Testamentum. Basilea, 1524. folio.

"Not inferior to any of the old commentators in sensible and ingenious remarks." (Dr. Harwood.) An edition of Erasmus's Paraphrase was printed at Berlin, 1777-1780, in 3 vols. 8vo. Erasmus was also author of a Latin version of the New Testament, which, together with his annotations, is printed in the sixth volume of Le Clerc's edition of his

works, in 10 vols. folio. Lugduni, 1703. The notes are chiefly grammatical, and designed to excite his contemporaries to the study of the New Testament in the original Greek.

3. Augustini MARLORATI Novi Testamenti Catholica Expositio Ecclesiastica: sive Bibliotheca Expositionum Novi Testamenti, id est, Expositio ex probatis omnibus Theologis collecta, et in unum corpus singulari artificio conflata, quæ instar bibliothecæ multis expositoribus refertæ esse posset. Apud Henricum STEPHANUM, 1561, 1564, 1570. Genevæ, 1583, 1585, 1593, 1596, 1620. Heidelbergæ, 1604. folio.

The multiplicity of editions, through which this work passed, attests the high and deserved estimation in which it was formerly held, though it is now but little known. It contains Erasmus's Latin version of the New Testament, together with various expositions, collected from the writings of the fathers of the church as well as from later interpreters, whether of the Reformed or Lutheran communions, with which the author has intermixed his own observations.

4. Yoμvημara in omnes Libros Novi Testamenti, in quibus et genus sermonis explicatur, et series concionum monstratur, et nativa sententia testimoniis piæ antiquitatis confirmata. Edita a Victorino STRIGELIO. Lipsia, 1565. 2 vols. 8vo.

"This is another of the most valuable books of sacred criticism. The observations are neat, and the critical judgment of Victorinus Strigelius is excellent." (Dr. Harwood.)

5. Jesu Christi Domini Nostri Novum Testamentum, cujus Græco contextui respondent interpretationes duæ ; una, vetus; altera Theodori Bezæ; cum ejusdem Theod. BEZÆ annotationibus. Accessit etiam Joachimi Camerarii in Novum Foedus Commentarius, in quo et Figuræ Sermonis, et Verborum Significatio, et Orationis Sententia, ad illius Fœderis intelligentiam certiorem, tractantur. Cantabrigiæ, 1642. folio.

The best edition of a most valuable work. Greek language of any commentator we have.

"Beza is undoubtedly the best critic on the There is no translation that I know of equal to his and his remarks on Erasmus and the vulgar Latin are wrought up to the utmost degree of exactness. On the whole, it is an invaluable treasure, and deserves to be read with the utmost attention." (Dr. Doddridge.) The Commentaries of Joachim Camerarius, which form a part of this work, are very useful: in them, the learned author expounds the text in a grammatical and critical manner only, according to the genius of the original languages, and without entering into any disputed points of doctrine. They are a reprint of Camerarius's Notatio figurarum sermonis in libris quatuor evangeliorum, et indicata verborum significatio et orationis sententia, ad illorum scriptorum intelligentiam certiorem. Lipsiæ, 1572. 2 vols. 4to. 6. Lucæ BRUGENSIS Commentarius in Quatuor Jesu Christi Evangelia. Antwerp, 1606. 3 vols. folio.

"A beautifully printed book, very scarce and valuable." (Dr. Harwood.)

7. Joannis MALDONATI Commentarii in Quatuor Evangelia. Paris, 1617. folio.

"A very ingenious commentator, distinguished for his elegant and neat Latinity." (Dr. Harwood.)

Ɛ. Joannis PRICEI Commentarii in varios Novi Testamenti Libros. Londini, 1660. folio.

These notes are inserted in the fifth volume of the Critici Sacri: they are greatly valued as containing "many valuable observations, particularly illustrating the modes of diction which occur in the sacred classics, from profane writers." (Dr. Harwood.)

9. Joh. Christoph. WOLFII Curæ Philologicæ in Novum Testamentum. Basil, 1741; the best edition, 5 vols. 4to.

This is a very valuable compilation; as "Wolfius does not simply relate the sentiments of others, but frequently animadverts upon them with great critical discernment." (Dr. Williams.) A continuation of this work was published by John Christopher Koecher, entitled "Analecta Philologica et Exegetica in Quatuor Evangelia." Altenburgi, 1766. 4to.

10. Le Nouveau Testament de N. S. Jésus Christ, traduit en François, sur l'Original Grec, avec des notes littérales, pour éclaircir le texte : par Messieurs de BEAUSOBRE et L'ENFANT. Amst. 1741, best edition, 4to.

To complete this excellent work, there should be added, " Remarques historiques, critiques, et philologiques sur le Nouveau Testament, par M. Beausobre, 4to. à la Haye, 1742. Though a posthumous work, it is very valuable, and contains many judicious observations briefly expressed, but which nevertheless comprise the substance of remarks offered by the best interpreters. An English translation of St. Matthew's Gospel from this French version, was printed in 4to. several years since, which was republished in 8vo. London, 1816.

11. Novum Testamentum Græcum editionis receptæ cum Lectionibus variantibus Codicum manuscriptorum, Editionum aliarum, Versionum, et Patrum, necnon commentario pleniore ex Scriptoribus veteribus Hebræis, Græcis, et Latinis, historiam et vim verborum illustrante. Opera et studio Joan. Jacobi WETSTENII. Amtelædami, 1751, 1752. 2 vols. folio. Editio altera, aucta et emendata, curante J. A. Lotze. Tom. i. Quatuor Evangelia complectens. Roterodami, 1832. large quarto.

The critical merits of these editions of the New Testament are considered in p. 18. suprà. As a merely critical comment, this of Wetstein is unquestionably one of the most valuable: "almost every peculiar form of speech in the sacred text he has illustrated by quotations from Jewish, Greek, and Roman Writers." (Dr. A. Clarke.) Almost every modern commentator of note has largely availed himself of the previous labours of Wetstein.

12. Joannis BENGELII Gnomon Novi Testamenti, in quo, ex nativâ Verborum Vi, Simplicitas, Profunditas, Concinnitas, et Salubritas sensuum cœlestium, indicatur. Ulmæ, 1763. 4to. Tubingæ, 1835. 2 tomis 8vo.

"This work contains an instructive preface, a perspicuous analysis of each book, with short notes, in the true taste of judicious criticism. His plan is a perfect contrast to that of Wolfius. Simplicem fere veritatem, sine sylva multarum opinionum, propono." (Dr. Williams.) Bengel's Gnomon is a very valuable substitute for the more expensive critical commentaries on the New Testament; he excels in showing the connexion and harmony of Scripture, and how Scripture is to be interpreted by Scripture. The generally cheap price of this book greatly enhances its value.

13. 'H KAINH AIAOHKH. Novum Testamentum Domini nostri Jesu Christi, cum Scholiis theologicis et philologicis, 8vo. 2 vols. Londini, 1768: 2d edit. 1776; 3d edit. 1820.

The editor of this work was the Rev. Mr. HARDY. "It was a very useful companion to every biblical student, and has gone through two editions (the second in 1776), the first of which is the best; but it must be acknowledged that the Greek text in both is inexcusably incorrect." (Dr. Clarke.) The third edition of this work is the most correct: it is beautifully printed. The notes are chiefly extracted from Poole's Synopsis.

14. Christ. Gottfr. KÜTTNERI Hypomnemata in Novum Testamentum, quibus Græcitas ejus explicatur, et Scholiis, quæ ex Scriptis recentiorum quorundam magni nominis philologorum excerpta sunt, illustratur. Lipsiæ, 1780. 8vo.

15. Novum Testamentum Græcè, perpetuâ Annotatione illustratum. Editio Koppiana. Vols. III-X. Gottinga, 1778-1826. 8vo.

G. B. KOPPE (from whom this edition derives its distinctive appellation), - a man of extensive learning and uncommon critical acumen, in the year 1778 published a plan of a new edition of the New Testament, with a corrected text, short critical notes, and some excursus, or somewhat more extended philological ones on particular passages; and at the same time gave a specimen in the epistles of Paul to the Galatians, Ephesians, and Thessalonians. A second edition of this specimen appeared in 1791, and a third in 1825, corrected and enlarged by professor T. C. Tychsen, which in the title-page is called Vol. VI. of the projected work. Koppe lived only to add another volume, numbered IV., on the epistle to the Romans, which was published in 1783. A third edition of this volume, with additional notes and philological excursus, by Dr. C. F. Ammon, appeared in 1825. Since the year 1783, at very irregular intervals, J. H. Heinrichs has published Vol. III. in two parts, containing the Acts of the Apostles (which is more particularly noticed in p. 314. No. 70. infrà), in 1809: Vol. VII. in two parts, 1792, containing the epistles to the Colossians, Philippians, Timothy, Titus, and Philemon; Vol. VIII., containing the epistle to the Hebrews, by Heinrichs, who published a second edition of it in 1823. Of the Catholic Epistles, which are to form Vol. IX., D. J. Pott has published two fasciculi, the first containing the epistle of James, and the second containing the two epistles of Peter. The third fasciculus, which is to contain the epistles of John and Jude, has not yet appeared. In 1826, Pott published the first part of Vol. V., which is to comprise the two epistles to the Corinthians. In 1821 J. H.