Ontario may authorize and permit the diversion within the province of Ontario of the waters above the Falls for power purposes not exceeding in the aggregate a daily diversion at the rate of 36,000 cubic feet of water per second, and that the United States may authorize and permit the diversion within the State of New York of the waters above the Falls for power purposes not exceeding in the aggregate a daily diversion at the rate of 20,000 cubic feet of water per second.

The treaty was approved by the United States Senate on March 3, subject however to a rider affecting the waters on Rider by either side of the international boundary through the rapids United States of the St. Mary's River at Sault Ste. Marie. At the present date the treaty is at the point of ratification.

Senate.

Regulations were agreed to on May 29 by the two international fishery commissioners appointed under article I of the International Fisheries Convention between the United Kingdom and the fishery regulations. United States, which was signed at Washington on April 11 and ratified on June 4 1908. The regulations provide for close seasons, impose size or weight limits for the taking of fish, and define the fishing apparatus prohibited or allowed in the waters contiguous to the United States and the Dominion of Canada. They apply equally to Canadian subjects and to citizens of the United States.

tion, 1908-09.

The year 1909 will be memorable for the achievements of American arctic and British antarctic expeditions in search of Canadian arctic expedithe north and south poles. With a different object in view Canada has also taken a recent share in exploration of the northern arctic regions. On July 28 1908 the Canadian Government steamer "Arctic," commanded by Captain J. E. Bernier, left Quebec and proceeded to Etah in Greenland, where supplies were left for Dr. Cook. The "Arctic" then proceeded to Smith sound, lat. 78 30 N., long. 74 w., and sailed south to Lancaster sound and along Barrow strait to Erebus bay, Beechey island, where Sir John Franklin wintered in 1845-6. From Erebus bay the steamer sailed to Winter harbour, Melville island, and from Winter harbour the vessel went some distance in McClure strait and returned to Winter harbour, arriving there on August 28, and anchored in the harbour. This place was made the winter quarters of the expedition. Accompanying the expedition were Mr. J. G. McMillan, geologist and Mr. W. E. Jackson, meteorologist. The steamer was made the base for sending out parties in connection with geological explorations, and also two parties under the direction of the second and third officers to Banksland and Victoria island, on the other side of McClure strait. The parties under these officers experienced many hardships. The main object was to place the Canadian flag on Banksland and Victoria island and to search for cairns left by

Patrol work and annexation of territory.

in Canadian waters.

The "Arctic" left Winter harbour August 12 1909, went up Byam Martin channel and returned by Austin channel to Barrow strait and Lancaster sound, and thence proceeded through Navy Board inlet, calling at Ponds inlet on the way along the coast of Baffin land. As the "Arctic" was engaged in patrolling the coast line to issue licenses to whalers, she called at several points or harbours. A search was also made for the "Snowdrop," a whaler owned in Dundee, Scotland. The "Arctic" visited Cumberland gulf, then Port Burwell, and finally returned, arriving at Quebec October 5 1909. Captain Bernier's account of the voyage and reports on the geological and meteorological observations are included in the Report issued by the Department of Marine and Fisheries. During the voyage Commander Bernier annexed to Canada a large territory and territorial waters. Banksland and Victoria island were added to the lands annexed in 1906-7. Stores were left in cairns to assist vessels in distress, and fishery regulations were enforced by issuing licenses to whalers.

With double seaboard and numerous coastal and inland waterImproved aids ways, Canada is deeply interested in efforts to render navigation to navigation safe and sure. Dangers of navigation in Canadian waters have been greatly lessened during recent years by new appliances installed by the Marine and Fisheries Department. Some of these Canada was the first to introduce, and their success in practice has led other countries to adopt them also. The dredging of important harbours and channels now enables larger ships to enter the principal ports than was previously possible. A Port Directory recently published by the Department describes fully the new types of navigation aids now used in Canadian waters, such as diaphones, beacons lighted by acetylene gas combined with whistling or bell buoys, submarine warnings, wireless telegraph stations and ice breaking steamers. The Directory includes also special statistical tables as to the quantities and approximate prices of different varieties of grain for the eight years 1900-1907, with the rates of marine insurance. These rates have been gradually reduced from 99 cents per $100 in 1900 to 38 cents per $100 in 1907, and the reduction is attributed largely to the increased safety which improved aids to navigation have rendered possible. Similarly within the same period reductions have been effected in the insurance rates on merchandise, provisions and hulls, viz., from 844 cents to 38 cents per $100 for merchandise and provisions and from 5 to 4 per cent on the value of hulls.

of the Secre tary of State.

The number of charters of incorporation issued during the Department calendar year 1909, including supplementary charters, was 458, as compared with 290 in 1908 and 378 in 1907. The total capitalization of the new companies in 1909 was $250,994,300,

year by $89,537,500, making the total of the capital authorized in 1909 to amount to $340,531,800, as compared with $108,739,875 in 1908 and $151,778,200 in 1907. The revenue of the Department, derived mainly from fees upon charters, was $135,944 for the calendar year 1909 as compared with $73,950 for 1908 and $101,937 for 1907.

The naturalizations effected under the Naturalization act for the twelve months ended June 30 1909 numbered 25,326. Of Naturalizathese 10,889 were formerly citizens of the United States.

tions.

act.

The Canada Temperance act, which prohibits the sale of intoxicating liquors in places that have adopted it, and which is The Canada administered by the Department of the Secretary of State, is Temperance now in force in twenty-two counties or cities. Of these ten are in Nova Scotia, ten in New Brunswick and two in Manitoba. The act is not in force in any of the other provinces or territories of the Dominion. There were no elections under the act in 1909.

The Juvenile Delinquents act 1908 was put into force in two places during the year 1909, viz. in the city of Winnipeg by Treatment of proclamation dated March 12 and in the city of Ottawa by juvenile proclamation dated July 17.

delinquents.

For the year ended March 31 1909 the number of immigrant arrivals was 146,908, as against 262,469 in the year 1907-08, Immigration 124,667 in the nine months ended March 31 1907 and 189,064 statistics. for the 12 months ended June 30 1906. Of the total number who arrived in 1908-09 52,901 were from the United Kingdom, 59,926 from the United States and 34,081 from other countries. The arrivals from the United Kingdom were 67,281 less than in 1907-08, those from the United States were 1,481 more and those from other countries were 49,761 less.

number of

Although there has been a large falling off in the number of British arrivals it is gratifying to observe, reports the Deputy Causes of fallMinister of the Interior, that most of the undesirable elements ing off in that have found their way to Canada in previous years have immigrants. now been almost completely eliminated. This is due largely to the effect of the regulations that came into force in the spring of 1908, restricting the emigration to Canada of persons assisted by charitable organizations, and there is no doubt that the results obtained have fully justified the change of policy which was then adopted. There has also been a falling off in the number of arrivals from the continent of Europe which is attributed to the cessation of propagandist work in European countries owing to the adoption by them of restrictive laws.

The number of arrivals from the United States is the largest since the movement from that country began in 1897, and has Immigration even exceeded the number of arrivals from the United Kingdom. from the United The class of settlers from the United States is composed chiefly States. of experienced agriculturists with capital, and it is estimated

fiscal year ended March 31 1909 was possessed on an average of $1,000 in stock, cash and effects, this representing an aggregate addition to the wealth of Canada of practically $60,000,000.

The total number of immigrants during the calendar year Immigration 1909 was 184,281 as against 148,700 in 1908, and they during calendar year 1909. comprised 52,344 from the United Kingdom against 55,727 in 1908, 91,175 from the United States against 57,213 in 1908 and 40,762 from other countries against 35,760 in 1908.

Homestead entries.

Statistics of mineral production.

metals and of coal.

The total number of ordinary homestead entries for the calendar year 1909 was 37,061 as compared with 38,559 in 1908, 29,414 in 1907 and 42,012 in 1906. In 1909 2,526 entries were made in Manitoba against 3,557 in 1908, 19,354 in Saskatchewan against 21,004 in 1908, 14,907 in Alberta against 13,558 in 1908 and 274 in British Columbia against 440 in 1908. The number of pre-emptions under the Dominion Lands act was 14,613 in 1909 (8,570 in Saskatchewan and 6,043 in Alberta) against 12,280 in 1908 (8,417 in Saskatchewan and 3,863 in Alberta). The number of purchased homesteads under the act was 997 in 1909 (695 in Saskatchewan and 302 in Alberta) against 681 in 1908 (523 in Saskatchewan and 158 in Alberta). The entries for South African Volunteer homesteads numbered 2,624 in 1909 (10 in Manitoba, 1,434 in Saskatchewan and 1,180 in Alberta) and 79 in 1908 (34 in Saskatchewan and 45 in Alberta).

From data in the annual preliminary report of the Division of Mineral Resources and Statistics of the Department of Mines it appears that the value of the mineral products of Canada in 1909 was $90,378,429, as compared with $85,927,802, the finally revised total of 1908. This represents an increase of a little over 5 per cent. The average prices of metals remained fairly steady throughout the year, differing but slightly from those of the year before; copper, nickel and silver were lower in price, while lead, spelter and tin were higher. Of the total production in 1909 $45,151,053 or 49.9 per cent of the total is credited to the metals and $45,227,376 or 49.7 per cent to non-metallic products, a small allowance being made for mineral products not reported. Amongst the individual products coal is still the most important, its value constituting 27 per cent of the total; silver occupies second place with 15.9 per cent, gold and nickel come next with 10-8 and 10.5 per cent respectively, copper contributes 7.8 per cent, cement 5.8 per cent, clay products 6.1 per cent and asbestos 2.5 per cent.

Of the principal metals the value of gold in 1909 was $9,790,Production of 000, compared with $9,842,105 in 1908 when the quantity proprincipal duced was 476,112 oz. Silver amounted to 27,878,590 oz., value $14,358,310, compared with 22,106,233 oz., $11,686,239 in 1908, an increase in quantity of 26 and in value of 23 per cent. Copper 54,061,106 lb, $7,018,213, compares with 63,702,

He duction of
Ontario, 1909.

value of 16 per cent. Lead 45,857,424 lb., $1,959,488 against 43,195,733 lb., $1,814,221 in 1908 shows an increase in quantity of 6 and in value of 8 per cent. Nickel 26,282,991 lb., $9,461,877 against 19,143,111 lb., $8,231,538 in 1908 shows an increase in quantity of 37 and in value of 15 per cent. The production of coal in 1909 was 10,411,955 short tons of the value of $24,431,351, as compared with 10,886,311 tons, $25,194,573 in 1908. Mr. Thomas Gibson, Deputy Minister of Mines for the province of Ontario, has supplied a special statement as to mines Mineral proand minerals in the province during the calendar year. writes that the mining industry in Ontario is steadily expanding. In 1909 the output of minerals and mineral products amounted to $32,699,072 as compared with $25,637,617 in 1908, the basis of valuation being the selling price at the mines or works, not the value of the refined metals or finished products. The item of chief value was silver, of which the output was 25,737,037 ounces, worth $12,382,689. This was the product Silver producof the silver mines of Cobalt, which were opened in 1904, and whose output up to the end of 1909 was 63,252,060 ounces of silver, valued at $32,807,803. The increase of yield in 1909 as compared with 1908 was 6,293,002 ounces. Shipments from the camp last year comprised 27,709 tons of ore and 3,121 tons of concentrates, the whole having an average tenor of 834 ounces per ton. The chief producers remain the same as in 1908, namely, Nipissing, Crown Reserve, Kerr Lake, La Rose, O'Brien, Buffalo, Coniagas, Right of Way, Temiskaming, Mckinley Darragh-Savage, etc. Concentration of lowgrade ores has now become a generally adopted feature in Cobalt, there being nine concentrating plants in operation at the close of the year, and four in course of construction. Ontario now ranks third in the list of silver-producing communities in the world. The newer silver fields, namely, South Lorrain, Elk Lake and Gowganda, were preparing to ship ore during the winter of 1909-10, but no actual shipments were made before the close of the calendar year.

tion of Cobalt district.

Next to silver in value of output came pig iron, of which 407,013 tons were made in 1909, valued at $6,301,528. There Other minerare now seven blast furnaces in operation in the province, into als. which there were charged last year 220,307 tons of ore mined in Ontario and 543,544 tons of imported ore. Nickel-copper matte was produced at the Sudbury mines to the extent of 25,845 tons, which contained 13,141 tons of nickel, valued at $2,790,798 and 7,873 tons of copper valued at $1,122,219. The quantity of ore smelted during the year was 462,336 tons. The producing companies are the Canadian Copper Company, whose works are at Copper Cliff, and the Mond Nickel Company at Victoria Mines. Other metallic products were gold 2,042 ounces; cobalt (in silver-cobalt ore) 1,533 tons; iron ore 264,777