him, and he estimates his outlay at 10,000. He General Index is an error), 425, 486; xi. now seeks to find a purchaser, or aid in printing 184, 449; 4 S. i. 349; 6 S. iv. 187; 7 S. the work by subscription; the necessity for his. 309, 411; iii. 111; x. 346; xi. 134. return to Rome will induce him very thankfully to accept a very moderate remuneration." I can find no further allusion to the subject, and shall be glad if light can be thrown upon the identity of the author mentioned, and if the manuscript can be recognized as having been published at any subsequent date to 1839. W. B. H. 66 cum THE 'York Pontifical,' Surtees Society, vol. lxi., under 'Dedicatio Ecclesiæ,' pp. 59-61, gives this ceremony of the alphabet. The bishop is to write, baculo," the Greek alphabet in sand, or in ashes, on the pavement, from the left corner east to the right corner west. The names of the letters are set down, 26 in number, and the numbers 1 to 10, then by tens to 100, then by hundreds to 1,000, and last, by thousands, to "ecatostochile." The arrangement and spelling are peculiar. Next, from the right corner east to the left corner west was to be written the Latin alphabet. Here was left a blank for it in the manuscript, the bishop being presumed to know it. The accompanying "Oratio" refers to Moses on Sinai receiving the two tables of stone written by the finger of God, and the bishop beseeches the acceptance of the prayers of those who pray upon this pavement in quo ad instrumentum fidei illarum divinarum caracteres literarum a duobus angulis hujus domus usque in alios duos depinximus angulos." It is to be concluded, therefore, that at an earlier time the letters were those of the Hebrew alphabet. Many instances of the alphabet on bells, fonts, paving-tiles, &c., and extracts from ancient writers about its use at consecrations, are to be found at 3 S. x. 351 (353 in the 66 To these I can add: Archæologia, xXV. 66 22 The Greeks had a pastime of framing a Mgr. L. Duchesne in on 6 Origines du Culte alphabet ceremony S. P. C. K., 1903, between this singular rite and certain Christian "The series formed by these letters moreover, that is, the entire alphabet, is only a sort of expansion of the mysterious contraction A, just as the decussis, the Greek X, is the initial of the on the pavement of the church is thus equivalent name of Christ. The alphabet traced on a cross to the impression of a large signum Christi on the land which is henceforward dedicated to Christian worship." Crofton Park, S.E. H. PRIVETT. see letters from Sir George Birdwood and "DENIZEN": "FOREIGN " (11 S. i. 506; ii. 71). I am afraid I cannot accept the derivation of denizen from Provençal. There is no trace of such forms as desnisein or desnisien in that language, nor any reason why it should be of Southern French origin. And the sense "to turn out of a nest" is almost diametrically opposed to that of "native," or person who has never been turned out at all. "Native" is the oldest sense in English. On the other hand, Godefroy gives deinzein as the O.F. equivalent of the Latin indigena in Josh. viii. 33; and four examples of denzein or denezyn. One has to remember that the z is here the Norman z, pronounced as ts, and that is why the derivation is from the O.F. deinz, i.e. Lat. deint's, for deintus. The sense is precisely that which is required, viz., a person who comes "from within." The word was fairly common in Anglo-French; and as Sir James Murray does not very fully exemplify this, I give some quotations and references. In the first place it occurs as denzeyns, in the plural, in the Statutes of the Realm,' vol. i. p. 137, under the date 1300 (not a time for Provençal influence in a word of this character). "Auxi bien de denzeins come de foreyns."— 'Liber Albus,' p. 295. "Auxibien des foreins come dez deinzeins.”– "Liber Albus,' p. 367, in an ordinance of Edw. III. "Auxi bien de denzeins come de foreins."'Liber Custumarum,' p. 303, 14 Edw. II. (6 Pur garder lassise entre les denzeins."-Id., p. 305, 14 Edw. II. "Auxi bien as foreins come as denzeyns.”—Id., p. 385, 14 Edw. II. Note the invariable spelling with z, a symbol rarely used. And we must really look to the dates. Thus, our "citizen occurs in 1275, in the Statutes of the Realm,' vol. i. p. 34, in the form citein, but as citeseyn in the same, p. 381, in 1363. So that we know for certain that it was the word " citizen " that was modified in form rather than denizen. We meet with denzein already in 1300; but the verb to denize is not known till 1577. The latter derives its i from the form denizen, which was a mistaken form of deinzen, as we know from the more original form denzein. If denize (why with z ?) had been derived from Provençal, the form would have been desnise, as the prefix des- is retained in such words to the present day. And if it had been derived from O.F. desnicher, it would have been deniche. I have no faith at all in the proposed correction. WALTER W. SKEAT. - JOHN BROOKE, FIFTEENTH-CENTURY BARRISTER (11 S. ii. 69).-John Brooke was one of the Serjeants called to the coif in Novem. ber, 1510, being the first call after the accession of Henry VIII. The list of Serjeants-at-law towards the close of the reign of Henry VII. and the early years of that of Henry VIII. is somewhat imperfect, so that it is possible that some of those included in the call of 1510 may have been originally appointed under Henry VII. John Brooke was never himself a judge, but was father to Sir David Brooke, Serjeantat-law in 1547, and Chief Baron of the Exchequer from 1553 till his death in 1558. John Brooke was chief steward of Glastonbury Monastery, resided at Canynge House, Redclyffe, Bristol, and married Joan, daughter and heir of Richard Amerike. He died 25 December, 1522, and was buried at St. Mary Redclyffe. It is not stated to which Inn of Court he belonged, but as it was to neither Gray's Inn nor Lincoln's Inn, nor, apparently, to the Inner Temple (his son David's Inn), it is all but certain that he would be identical with the barrister of that name who was a Bencher and Treasurer of the Middle Temple. Your correspondent in making this John Brooke a judge has, I think, confused him with Richard Brooke of the Middle Temple, who was called to the coif at the same time as his namesake John, was Recorder of London 1510-20, M.P. for London 1512 and 1515, Justice of the Common Pleas 1520, and Chief Baron of the Exchequer 1526 till his death in 1529. W. D. PINK. 'REVERBERATIONS: WM. DAVIES (11 S. ii. 68).-William Davies of Warrington, author of that charming book The Pil grimage of the Tiber,' was an old friend of mine. I do not know any facts concerning his intimacy with the D. G. Rossetti circle, but he probably knew one member of it at least, viz., Stillman, the American, who was later a regular Times correspondent in Italy during, and after, my seven years in Rome. Davies's fellow-townsman, Wood the sculptor (called Warrington Wood, to distinguish him from Shakespeare Wood, another Times correspondent in Italy), was our contemporary. Elihu Vedder (illustrator of Omar Khayyam) is still living in Rome, I fancy; he was Davies's great friend in the seventies, and I now and then met the latter at Vedder's table, whereat he dined regularly every Sunday. WILLIAM MERCER. [Reply from MR. R. A. POTTS next week.] T. L. PEACOCK'S PLAYS (11 S. ii. 27).Two plays translated by Peacock were published in one volume in 1862. Their titles were Gl' Ingannati' (englished as 'The Deceived: a comedy performed at Siena in 1531') and Ælia Lælia Crispis.' A notice of these plays, according to Allibone, appeared in The Athenæum, 1862, ii. 305. Copies of the volume may be found in the Dyce Collection of Books, South Kensington, and in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. W. S. S. PROVINCIAL BOOKSELLERS (11 S. i. 303, 363; ii. 52).-MR. WELFORD and others have shown that my lists are very incomplete." Let me say again that they are the result of no research, but only a by-product of work which was directed to another object. Nevertheless, they make a good beginning towards exhibiting the condition of provincial bookselling as distinct from printing. a copy of ST. LEODEGARIUS AND THE ST. LEGER STAKES (11 S. ii. 66).-Except indirectly as a patronymic of a Norman family, the saint has nothing to do with horse-racing. The St. Leger Stakes were founded in 1776 by It was impossible for me to make notes of Anthony St. Leger, a nephew of the first the vast number of title-pages, but forViscount Doneraile; he was a Major-tunately, I can serve MR. RHODES. I have General, Colonel of the 86th Foot, M.P. for Grimsby, and died in 1786 8.p. The St. Leger family is one of the oldest in the kingdom, a Seynt Leger being mentioned in Brompton's Chronicle' amongst the Normans who came over with the Conqueror; in fact, it is traditionally reported that this warrior (i.e. St. Leger) had the distinguished honour of helping the Conqueror out of the boat when he landed in this country. JOHN HODGKIN. The famous contest at Doncaster was not instituted in pious memory of St. Leodegarius, but was named after Col. St. Leger. The patronymic is no doubt due, however indirectly, to the popularity of the martyrbishop. ST. SWITHIN. quary. W. C. B. [MR. W. B. KINGSFORD, MR. J. HOLDEN MAC MICHAEL, MR. C. SWYNNERTON, and MR. J. B. WAINEWRIGHT also thanked for replies.] "Divine Emblems: or, Natural Things Spiritualized....By a Spectator.... London: Printed for and sold by George Keith, GracechurchStreet....Thomas Cole, Greenwich; and Nathaniel Whitefield, King's Stairs, Rotherhithe. M,DCC,LXX." It is an 8vo of 19 leaves, and relates to 497; ii. 59). In the early volumes of Punch MOCK COATS OF ARMS (11 S. i. 146, 313, there are some pictorial Mock Coats of Arms, and descriptions of others. In 1848 (vol. xiv. p. 57) Douglas Jerrold contributed the following 2 The Arms of the See of Manchester.-The Is there any connexion? The race takes College of Arms has done the handsome thing by its name from Col. St. Leger. See a state- the new Bishop of Manchester, and has fitted him up with a very significant article. As the arms ment at 2 S. viii. 362 by Č. J., i.e., Charles have been altogether falsely described by our Jackson, a very competent Doncaster anti-contemporaries, we are the more earnest that the error should be corrected. The Arms may spikes' (to show how difficult it sometimes may be thus technically described: Or, on a pale of be to climb into a bishopric), three mitres of Brummagen proper' (showing that episcopacy is altogether above gold); a cotton pod' (to mark humility; for, whereas all other Bishops wear lawn sleeves, the Bishop of Manchester will always appear in calico); and ' a square shield, charged with a factory chimney proper, with this motto-Ex fumo dare gingham." WALTER JERROLD. and ST. AGATHA AT WIMBORNE (11 S. ii. 29).Among the relics formerly preserved in Wimborne Church was part of the thigh of the blessed Virgin Agatha, who is apparently identical with St. Agatha, Virgin Martyr, but who dwelt in the city of Catania in Sicily. No mention is made in Mrs. Jameson's Sacred and Legendary Art' of her having been educated at Wimborne. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL. The following sentence, quoted from 'The Catholic Encyclopædia,' i. 204, seems Hampton-on-Thames. The Comic History of Heraldry,' by R. N. Edgar, gives many examples of fictitious armorial bearings, illustrated by William Vine, and published by Tegg in 1878. J. BAGNALL. = "HANDYMAN " SAILOR (11 S. i. 448, 498). May I add a sentence or two to the replies already given? There can be no doubt, as has been clearly shown, that the word "handyman," meaning sailor, was in use long anterior to the siege of Ladysmith. Like MR. BURNETT in his query, however, I am inclined to believe that the events of the siege gave to the name its abiding popularity. My recollection is that among numerous telegrams thanking the Naval Brigade for their skill and bravery at Ladysmith in 1899, there was one from Queen Alexandra, then Princess of Wales, in which the term "handyman 22 occurred. Proceeding from so exalted a source, the name became fixed in popular esteem. W. S. S. In a letter from the Crimea, describing the fall of Sebastopol, Gordon wrote: Most of their artillerymen, being sailors, were necessarily handy men, and had devised several ingenious modes of riveting." See 'Life of Gordon' by Demetrius C. Boulger, chap. ii. There was a song at the time of the South African War with the following chorus :O Jack, you are a handyman; Whether in love or in war, Whether on land or on shore, You're all right, Beat you no one can. That's why they call you Jack the handyman. G. H. W. FOLLY (11 S. ii. 29, 78).—The sham castles of the eighteenth century are known by this name. In two cases within my memory they have become dwelling-houses. At Park End, Gloucestershire, however, "The Folly " is a tract of oak forest. D. At Kildwick Hall, a few miles south of Skipton, West Riding of Yorks, a small wood in a narrow valley, with a very small stream running through it, has always been called "The Folly." J. A. GREENWOOD. In the N.E.D.,' v. Folly, sense 5, there are some remarks which are worth considering. Reference having been made to Hubert's Folly (Stultitia Huberti), the note concludes thus: "Probably the word used by Hubert was F. folie; the original meaning seems to have been not stultitia, but delight,' favourite abode. Many houses in France still bear the name La Folie, and there is some evidence that the Folly' was as late as the present century [the nineteenth] used in some parts of England for a public pleasure-garden or the like." Pepys on 15 April, 1668, went to the "Folly," a house of entertainment on the Thames. Some reader may yet explain the origin of the following place-names:Follifoot or Follyfoot, Folly Hall, Folly Gill, all in the West Riding of Yorkshire. Folly Bridge, Oxford. Surely this bridge was never reputed to be a costly structure on an ill-chosen site. And it has no leafy lanes. Folly, Old and New. Two hamlets in Warwickshire. Folly Island (Channel), Charleston, U.S. TOM JONES. THUNDERING DAWN IN KIPLING AND FRANCIS THOMPSON (11 S. i. 467).—May one not suppose that both poets are referring to the old classical fable of the chariot and horses of the sun? They are drawing their imagery from a common source. It is unnecessary to imagine any oblivious “taking over by the one from the other. In harmony with the legend, one naturally expects to hear the sound of hoof-beats before the chariot actually appears, which, being interpreted, may perhaps mean that as day breaks and the shadows of darkness flee away, the world bestirs itself and begins to prepare for strenuous toil. The clanging or thundering sound may be taken to refer to the awakening of nature to noisy activity after the hush and stillness of the night. W. S. S. Egerton Leigh, Esq., baptized at Lymme, married Elizabeth, daughter and coheiress of Francis Jodrell of Yeardsley and Twemlow, on 21 September, 1778. He died 22 June, 1833. See Landed Gentry,' 1853. Elmhurst, Oxton, Birkenhead. A. H. ARKLE. be called the topographical method, including Mary, daughter and heir of Henry Doughty of only such publications, or parts of publica- Broadwell, Glos., and grandson of the Rev. tions, as dealt with London exclusively. The Egerton Leigh of West Hall, Archdeacon of other and more complete method, appa- Salop. The Rev. Peter Leigh died two years rently approved by MR. ABRAHAMS, would before his father. include every book, pamphlet, or single sheet published, printed, or written in London, no matter what its theme-everything, in short, that bore the word London 22 any where on its title-page-from the days of Caxton down to the present hour. This wider bibliographical outlook is, I think, quite legitimate, and would cover what might be considered a complete bibliography of London, comprising not only every book dealing with the capital, but every species of printed matter, historical, topographical, antiquarian, theological, scientific, and artisttic, published, printed, or written within its bounds. In my own case, in attempting the compilation of a bibliography of a Scottish county according to this wider method, I found that a very large section of Scottish literature was embraced within the scope of the work. On the same plan, which I believe with Mr. ABRAHAMS to be the right one, the vast majority of English printed books, metropolitan and provincial, as well as a huge mass of foreign literature, would fall to be included in a bibliography of London. To this wider plan, however, the objection is that human life is too short for any single person to achieve a task so stupendous. W. S. S. WINDSOR STATIONMASTER (11 S. ii. 68).— Perhaps L. L. K. is thinking of a man who wrote his experiences under the pseudonym of "Ernest Struggles." I remember the book, and how, when going to visit one of the servants at Windsor Castle, he took a wrong turn, and found himself in Queen Victoria's dining-room. The preface was dated from Caversham. I forget the precise title of the book. GREAT WESTERN. The book referred to by L. L. K. is, I think, Life of a Stationmaster,' by Ernest Struggles, published in 1879. A second part, entitled 'Ernest Struggles,' was, I believe, published in 1880. It is many years since I saw the books, and I forget the real name of the writer, but recollect that the G. W. R. felt displeasure at their publication. Gloucester Public Library. ROLAND AUSTIN. EGERTON LEIGH (11 S. ii. 68).-Egerton Leigh of West Hall was eldest son of the Rev. Peter Leigh, Rector of Lymme, and THOMSON, R.A. (11 S. ii. 69).-MR. STILWELL will find a brief account of Henry Thomson, R.A., in Bryan's 'Dictionary.' He was born in 1773, was a pupil of John Opie, and died in 1843. A much fuller notice of him will perhaps be found in The Art Union of the period. He exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1792 to 1825, chiefly historical and poetical subjects; he occasionally sent a portrait-his earliest was one of Horne Tooke-and portrait groups, but one of the Sykes family does not appear to be among them. He was a good deal patronized by Sir John Leicester (Lord De Tabley), and was a frequent visitor at Sir John's country seat, Tabley Hall, where there are still several of his works. W. ROBERTS. 18, King's Avenue, Clapham Park, S.W. This must be Henry Thomson, who was born at Portsea 31 July, 1773, and died there 6 April, 1843. He was elected an Associate 1801, and R.A. 1804, and was Keeper 1825-7. See Hodgson and Eaton's Royal Academy and its Members' (1905), pp. 238-9; Bryan's 'Dict. of Painters and Engravers (1905), v. 174; and the Dict. of Nat. Biog.,' lvi. 244. The last authority gives 1802 as the year in which Thomson became an R.A., but Hodgson and Eaton, who are more likely to be correct_on_this point, say 1804. G. F. R. B. 2 |