66 Of the wealth of matter preserved, and, as the Professor says, not infrequently concealed," in such publications all genuine students are aware. The difficulty has been to put one's hand on the piece of information or the special subject required. This is solved by the fine Subject Index provided, a piece of laborious work which has been admirably performed. Thus we find almost two pages on portraits, near half a page each on Gordons, and Mary, Queen of Scots, and several references to Mr. P. J. Anderson, to whom the book is dedicated. The first part of the book is very full in its details, with various notes added by the editor, whose standing as an expert renders such information particularly valuable. THE current issue of The Quarterly Review, which appeared late in July, has a specially interesting article on The Character of King Edward VII.,' in which private papers in the royal archives of Windsor Castle have been used. The young prince was confronted with a scheme of education which was most careful and praiseworthy, and also singularly oppressive, one thinks, to the human boy and young man. A striking letter from Sir Henry Bulwer supplies hints as to the late King's gifts in early days. Dr. A W. Verrall's article on The Prose of Walter Scott' is brilliant and attractive, like all his writing, and it fortifies the view long held by the writer of these notes that Scott was at his best a great, if unconscious, artist in style. Dr. Verrall analyzes the charm of that incomparable short story in Redgauntlet,' 'Wandering Willie's Tale,' which Stevenson could not rival. Mr. F. G. Aflalo's article on The Genius of the River' is commonplace. Mr. H. A. L. Fisher writes very well onThe Beginning and End of the Second Empire'; and Dr. Hans Gadow is lucid on the disputed subject of Birds and their Colours,' i.e., the reasons which have been alleged for special coloration. Mr. Edwyn Bevan has an excellent subject in The First Contact of Christianity and Paganism,' but his field of inquiry is more restricted than his title suggests. A second article on 'Socialism' is important; and there is also a capital study of John Stuart Mill' by Mr. Wilfrid Ward. He has a sound judgment of the "saint of rationalism," but hardly indicates Mill's perplexing changes of view during various periods of his life, which make it possible to quote his authority for opposed schools of thought. The Cornhill opens with a facsimile of a translation by Thackeray of Béranger's poem 'Ma Vocation.' It is not so much a translation as another poem on the same subject, with touches of Thackeray's neat versification. Mrs. Woods's Pastel under the Southern Cross' is this month devoted to Cecil Rhodes and his tomb on the Matoppos, and is an excellent piece of writing. The Lost Voice,' by Sir George Scott, is an amusing story of the effect on savages of a phonograph. The Master of Peterhouse has an account of The Oberammergau Passion Play in 1871,' which should be very useful to-day, not only from its knowledge, but also because it is likely to reduce the hysteria of sentimentalists concerning the actors, Mr. Guy Kendall's verse, The Whole Design,' is thoughtful and effective, though a little slack in form and phrasing. Miss Edith Sellers has an indictment against The Latter-Day Swiss,' in which she proves an effective advocatus diaboli.. We find no difficulty in believing much that she says. Mr. Kenneth Bell writes with candour on 'Goldwin Smith as a Canadian,' revealing well the paradox of the former Oxford Professor's position. The number is good reading throughout. admirable writer of notes of travel, and her account MISS ROSE BRADLEY, like Mrs. Woods, is an in The Nineteenth Century of A Day in Provence,' dealing mostly with the dead glories of the City of Les Baux, is easily the most interesting article in a number which contains little of literary interest, though the personal side of history is well represented by Lady Paget's account of A Royal Marriage,' i.e., that of King Edward, and Mr. W. S. Lilly's of Cardinal Vaughan,' mainly a summary of Mr. Snead-Cox's notable biography. The Cardinal was a wonderful worker for his Church, though he lacked the faculties which made Manning and Newman eminent above their fellows. The Rev. D. W. Duthie deals with familiar matter in 'The Women of the Paston Letters,' and adds little to our pleasure by his sentimental rhetoric on the subject of love. Besides political articles on Ireland, the Third French Republic, Protection in Germany, and the American Negro, there is one by Sir Edward Clayton on The Working of the Prevention of Crime Act,' which is well worth attention. Mr. W. G. Burn-Murdoch has some enthusiastic notes on Modern Whaling'; and Mr. G. Clarke Nuttall should interest students of science with his remarks on 'The Eyes of Plants.' Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WE beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print, and to this rule we can make no exception. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately, nor can we advise correspondents as to the value of old books and other objects or as to the means of disposing of them. EDITORIAL Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries ""-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publishers" at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rules. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. When answering queries, or making notes with regard to previous entries in the paper, contributors are requested to put in parentheses, immediately after the exact heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to which they refer. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate." GALLOWAY FRASER ("Barabbas a Publisher").— The authority quoted by you was evidently in error. See MR. JOHN MURRAY'S reply, ante, p. 92. LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 13, 1910. CONTENTS.-No. 33. openly-avowed penchant to Unitarianism." This preceptor put translations of the works of Helvetius and Rousseau into the youth's hands, which inspired him with the desire of reading them in their original language, and he learnt French. This introduction to the philosophical literature of France coloured the rest of his life. On 12 June, 1735, when aged 19, Gem was admitted pensioner at St. John's College, Cambridge, when Dr. Williams became his tutor and surety ('Admissions to St. John's,' Pt. III., 1903, ed. Scott, p. 80); but he seems to have left without taking his degree. We shall probably not err in drawing the inference that he was not in sympathy with the system of instruction which was then imposed on youth at the University. His fond parent had pointed out the study of the law as the most on one side, and studied French and physic profitable for him, but he put the suggestion together. Soissons Cathedral-Sark Bibliography, 127-Viscount Margaret'-"Seersucker," 138. Magazines-Booksellers' Catalogues. Notes. RICHARD GEM. 66 RICHARD GEM, the only son of Richard Gem, gentleman of Worcestershire, was born at Barnsley Hall in the parish of Bromsgrove, but there is no entry of his baptism in the parish register. Nash in his History of Worcestershire' (i. 154) says that Mr. Gem of Birmingham is now lord of the Manor of Dodford [in Bromsgrove], where he has an estate of 160l. per ann. ." The son was bred in the house of William Philips, clerk, in the city of Worcester. Philips took the degree of B.A. of Oriel College, Oxford, in 1704; was Rector of All Saints,' Worcester, from 1710 to 1715; Vicar of St. Peter's, Worcester, from the latter year until 1741; and Rector of Bromsgrove from 1741 to 1754. A contributor to The Monthly Magazine for 1821 (vol. li. pp. 138-9) supplies some interesting reminiscences of Gem under the title of Dr. Gom, but in the index the name is correctly given. He was not fond of the ordinary system of education, but sought the instruction " of a neighbouring gentleman characterized as a freethinker, who had in fact been obliged to leave the University of Cambridge (where he had graduated) for his 22 lately published in England....extracted from the examinations of this remedy, given into the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris, by M. Morand and M. Geoffroy. By Richard Gem of the University of Cambridge." This description shows that he was not at that time, when he was 25 years old, possessed of any medical degree, and I am not acquainted with the nature of his subsequent qualification. Probably it was from a foreign, if any, university. His name does not appear in Dr. Munk's volumes on the members of the London College of Physicians, nor does it occur, says Mr. Victor G. Plarr, librarian of the Royal College of Surgeons, "in our college books between the years 1745-83." Mr. Plarr therefore concludes that he was not a member of the old Corporation of Surgeons. It is stated in The Monthly Magazine that Gem was known to and noticed by the Earl of Hertford, who gave him permission to visit Paris and to enjoy the advantages of connexion with the embassy. Unless this were a temporary visit only the statement conflicts with that recorded by the first Earl of Malmesbury in his diary (November, 1796), after a call from Gem, that "he came to Paris in 1751 with Lord Albemarle." Monthly Magazine anecdotist chronicles that Gem obtained through the favour of Lord Stormont the practice of the sick English at Paris. His professional income was large, his prescriptions were simple. The patient could even tell from them the nature of the The disease from which he was suffering. Gem became physician to the embassy at Paris in 1762 on the appointment of the Duke of Bedford as ambassador to France. For the rest of his days Gem was domiciled in that country. His was a striking personality, for he was six feet and two or three inches in height, of an athletic build, and when over 70 as upright as a dart. When he was 82 he was very stout. He was admitted into the most brilliant society of Paris, becoming very intimate with the Encyclopædists and with many of the leading Englishmen who were admitted to its salons. Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson were his intimate friends. A letter from the latter dated New York, 4 April, 1790, is in [J. Wright's] Biog. Memoir of Huskisson,' pp. 8-9, and a second letter to him is in 'Jefferson's Memoir and Correspondence' (ed. T. J. Randolph), iii. 32. Sterne in 1766 wrote to Dr. Jemm of Paris introducing [John] Symonds to him, and giving details of his winter in Italy. Mr. W. L. Cross in his 'Life of Sterne 'hesitatingly suggests this to be Dr. A. A. Jamme of Toulouse, who sometimes resided at Paris. I am inclined to think that it was Dr. Gem. Horace Walpole refers to him in the letters which he wrote from Paris in 1765 and 1766, and George Selwyn received a letter from him in the former year in which he intimated that he was coming with Baron D'Olbach to dine with Selwyn, and looked forward with pride to the honour of meeting Lord March." He was devoted to Selwyn, and figures constantly in Dr. Warner's letters to his patron, being playfully dubbed by him as Roger." Warner sometimes expresses his anxiety lest he should be suspected by Gem of a desire to supplant him in Selwyn's good graces. statesman was Gem's favourite niece. She died in 1774 (when William was in his fifth year) leaving four sons. The father married again, when Gem expressed the desire that the two elder sons, one of whom was William, should be assigned to his keeping, and in 1783 they were allowed to return to Paris with him; but their acquaintance with England was maintained by an annual visit which he and the two boys paid to their native land. To his watchful care and constant encouragement in study were due the successful training of Huskis son's abilities and the strain of enlightened thought which was conspicuous in his political career. It is generally said that the future politician was intended for the medical profession, and that he actually began the study of medicine. But through the influence of Warner, then chaplain to the English embassy, he was introduced to Lord Gower, and thus secured an opening into the highest circles of political life, which resulted in a lasting alliance with Canning, and a leading place in that statesman's Cabinet. (See my Eight Friends of the Great,' where the name is incorrectly printed Robert Gem.) 22 Gem was a staunch republican, and was in complete sympathy with the French Revolution. Even the brilliant victories of Bonaparte did not shake his faith in republican principles. He was doubtless the 'Ghym anglais who in 1792 presented 1,000 francs to the Patriotic Fund; but this did not prevent his arrest in 1793 as a hostage for Toulon, when his name appears in the police records as "Gesme." For nine days he was detained at the Luxembourg, and was then transferred to the Scotch College. After a short release, probably under the decree of 3 November, 1793, exempting, on account of the scarcity of doctors, foreign practitioners from imprisonThe allusions to Gem by Warner show ment, he was rearrested by the authorities that he took things seriously. In fact, of Versailles and imprisoned in the Recollets. he said to Walpole in 1765: "Sir, I am Here he found himself in the same room serious, I am of a very serious turn." He with Grace Dalrymple Elliott ("Dolly the was a rigid disciplinarian and parsimonious, tall"), who says that he was conscious and it was noted as a trait in his character" that he ran no risk of being murdered, for that he allowed no eating between breakfast he was a philosopher, and I am sorry to say and dinner in the evening. His parsimony, an atheist." Still, the restraint repressed however, did not restrain him from acts of his spirits, and Mrs. Elliott in November, kindness and generosity. Walpole, when 1796, repeated to Harris that "he cried writing to him in April, 1776, describes him as the whole time, was terrified to death." "no less esteemed for his professional know- This clever woman, however, was inconledge than for his kind attention to the poor sistent in her recollections. She told Lord who applied to him for medical assistance." Malmesbury that "no candles were allowed Ten years later (1786) Gem was exerting them, or fire, after it was dark"; but her himself in getting books for Walpole. journal records that Gem used to get up at The mother of William Huskisson the four o'clock and "uncover the wood fire and Gem died suddenly in Paris early in the spring of 1800, at the age of 83, undis turbed by any of the infirmities which so generally embitter the last years of protracted life." His will was proved on 6 May, 1800, and the estate was sworn at 10,000l. W. P. COURTNEY. light a candle, and read Locke and Helvetius Richard Rotton "children of my nephew till seven o'clock." She did many kind Samuel Rotton, deceased," 1,000l. each. offices for the doctor, endeavouring to drive | away his gloom, and by her representations to the deputy that her fellow-prisoner was a sincere republican obtained his release after a detention of three or four months. They wept at parting in the expectation that they would never see one another again; but her freedom came also in time. Gem had rooms for years in the Rue St. Sépulcre at Paris, even down to 1796; but his home seems KING'S to have been at Meudon, and when Grace Elliott came out of prison he used every day to walk a mile to see her. She was in his company the day before he died. CLASSICAL AND FOREIGN (See 10 S. ii. 231, 351; iii. 447; vii. 24; When James Harris, the first Earl of Malmesbury, went to Paris in October, No. 361, Conticuisse nocet nunquam, 1796, to negotiate terms of peace, he called on nocet esse locutum."-King takes this from Gem, and next day (9 November) the doctor Joseph Lang's (or Lange's) Polyanthea repaid the call, when Harris summed up Nova, 1612, p. 673, where it is the first of somewhat harshly his character: "Atheist, eight lines quoted from the 'Anthologia systême de la nature, economist, &c.-the Sacra of Jacobus Billius (Jacques Billy de cold apathetic scoundrel described by Prunay). It is evidently modelled on a lineBurke. Gem breakfasted with him on in Cato's Disticha,' I. xii. 2, 15 November, and when one of the secretaries, Nam nulli tacuisse nocet, nocet esse locutum. Leveson, afterwards Earl Granville, four days later became ill, his assistance was called for. For his services on this occasion he refused to take any fees. He breakfasted with the ambassador on 2 December, "always harping on his philosophy "; and on 20 December dined there with Henry Swinburne, who swells the chorus of his praise as "a very good physician" (Swinburne, Courts of Europe, 1841, ii. 132, 158, 184, 209). 6 It is said in The Monthly Magazine that Gem was so upset by Huskisson's change of political opinions as to disinherit him, but that under Malmesbury's influence he altered his will and restored his nephew to his favour. Certain it is that his will was made at this date, and under Malmesbury's cognizance, for it is dated 9 October, 1796, and witnessed by Malmesbury, Granville Leveson Gower (Lord Granville), and George Ellis of The Rolliad' and other works. He appointed William Huskisson "son of my niece Elizabeth Huskisson, deceased," his executor, giving him and his heirs "all my real estate in Bromsgrove," and making him the residuary legatee (which included a mortgage on Hayley's estate of Eartham in Sussex), but subject to the following legacies : 1. "To Marie Cleine, now in my service at Paris, 50l. a year for life.” 2. To Samuel Huskisson, brother of the aforesaid William, 1,500l. 3. To Sarah, Elizabeth, Jane, Marie, and No. 796, "Fiat justitia, ruat cælum."— King, after giving Bartlett's statement (Familiar Quotations') that these words. are to be found in [Nathaniel] Ward's Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America' (1647), published under the pseudonym of Theodore de la Guard, adds the variations, (2)" Ruat cælum, fiat Voluntas Tua," quoted by Sir T. Browne, Religio Medici," Pt. II. sect 11, and (3), from Büchmann, the saying attributed to the Emperor Ferdinand I. (1556-64), "Fiat justitia, et pereat mundus " (Joh. Manlius, 'Loci Communes,' 1563, vol. ii. p. 290). This article can be improved in more than one respect. With regard to (3), the ‘Stanford Dictionary' quotes "Fiat justicia ruat mundus" from the Egerton Papers' (1550), p. 27, Camd. Soc.; while with regard to (1), "Fiat justitia, ruat cælum," the same dictionary gives from W. Watson's 'Quodlibets of Religion and State' (1602), p. 338, "You goe against that Generall maxime in the lawes, which is that fiat iustitia & ruant cæli." I have noted a still closer approximation to (1) in Manningham's Diary' (Camd. Soc.), p. 169, under the date 11 April, 1603: When I was mentioning howe dangerous and difficult a thing it would be to restore appropriacions, he [="Mr. Thomas Overbury" he was not knighted till 1608] said Fiat justicia et cælum ruat." 66 No. 866, "Habemus confitentem reum."- of working farm-horses. Most of them It is curious that King should have contented himself with styling this a law maxim. A reference ought to have been added to Cicero, Pro Q. Ligario' 1, 2. The words are quoted from Cicero by Quintilian, ix. 2, 51. Petronius, 130, has Habes confitentem reum.' 12 The No. 1175, "Je dirais volontiers des métaphysiciens ce que Scaliger disait des Basques: 'on dit qu'ils s'entendent; mais je n'en crois rien," S. B. N. Chamfort (1741-1794), Maximes et Pensées,' chap. vii. ('Euvres Choisies,' 1890, vol. ii. p. 84). jest would certainly seem to be more after the style of Mark Twain, but an eighteenthcentury French wit is one of the last persons from whom to expect an intelligent appreciation of either Scaliger. The remark of which the above is a ludicrously perverted version was made by J. J. Scaliger. What he disbelieved was the statement that the inhabitants of Wales and Brittany could understand one another's speech. See Scaligerana' [Secunda], p. 135, ed. altera, Cologne, 1667, s.v. Langues': "Il y encore au pays de Galles, le langage vieux d'Angleterre semblable au Breton bretonnant; on dit qu'ils s'entendent, je n'en crois rien." The Basque language and people are mentioned in the same section. No. 1447, "Lupus in fabula."-King refers to Cic., Ep. ad Att.,' xiii. 33, 4. A much earlier example might have been givenTerence, Adelphi,' 537. 66 a -The No. 1992, “Ô tempora, O mores ! source stated is Cicero's ' Pro Rege Deiotaro' (B.C. 45), 11, 31, but Cicero had said this in B.C. 63. See Cat.,' i. 1, 2. See No. 3023 (among the 'Adespota '), Bonis nocet quisquis pepercerit malis. This inelegant iambic line has been included HORSES' NAMES: MODERN. THE following names have been collected from a few places in Berkshire, Worcestershire, and Yorkshire (East Riding), indicated in the list by B, W, and Y. They are those have been in use for many generations. The names common to the three counties are Bob, Captain, Dick, Duke, Flower, Jolly, and Violet. Berks has the most military names. Turpin is appropriately found in Yorkshire, but perhaps Dick may also represent him. Something has been noted about this subject at 8 S. i. 492; ii. 73, 196. Jessie, W, Y. I propose to add, later, a list of ancient Bute, Y. Captain, B, W, Y. Diamond, B, Y. Dolly, B, Y. Flora, Y. Jennie, W. Jolly, B, W, Y. Moreton Lass, B. Nell, Y. Oliver, B. Paddy, W. Pansy, B. Pedlar, B, Y. Prince, B, Y. Short, W. Shot, Y. W. C. B. |