This is called locally the red rat. It has much larger ears, and a longer and thinner tail, than the ordinary rat, but in other respects resembles it, and they appear to consort together. Whether_it is a peculiar variety, or a mere sport, I am unable to ascertain. It is scarce, and is rarely captured, but is persistent on the island." HARRY HEMS.

"WHOM" AS SUBJECT (11 S. ii. 446). MR. BAYNE writes: "In oratory and hasty journalism this lapse from accuracy is, presumably, unpremeditated and accidental." I offer an example of how the hasty journalist puts bad grammar into the mouth of the

orator.

In The Standard of 13 December, p. 10, col. 2, "Our Correspondent" at Hyde writes :

"Mr. Balfour addressed the audience 'on behalf of your candidate, whom I hope on Wednesday next will be your member. "

In the verbatim report of the speech in The Standard of 10 December, p. 4, col. 1, Mr. Balfour's words are :

"I had the good fortune to hear part of the speech which has just been delivered by your present can didate, and, as I fully believe, your future member." ROBERT PIERPOINT.

NOTTINGHAM EARTHENWARE TOMBSTONE (10 S. i. 189, 255, 312, 356, 409, 454; ii. 14, 72). It is worthy of record that the above subject is photographically illustrated (in association with a brief but illuminating account thereof by a veteran authority) in The Builder for 17 December. A. S.

EMINENT LIBRARIANS (11 S. ii. 489).Joseph Green Cogswell, LL.D., was born at Ipswich, Mass. He gradutated in 1806 at Harvard College, where he afterwards became Professor of Mineralogy and Geology, and where he undertook the duties of Librarian from 1821 to 1823. In the latter year he joined with George Bancroft in the foundation of Round Hill School at Northampton, Mass. After Bancroft's retirement in 1830, he continued the school until 1836. On the death of John Jacob Astor (29 March, 1848), who bequeathed funds for the establishment of a library in New York, he was appointed Librarian to the Trustees. He had been marked out for the task of organizing the library by Mr. Astor, who had espoused the idea of founding a library many years before his death. Dr. Cogswell made three journeys

1852. He is said to have visited every noted book-market from Rome to Stockholm, and to have purchased about 64,000 volumes at a cost of a little over 20,000l. The library was opened on 1 February, 1854, with a stock of about 80,000 volumes. It is now embodied in the New York Public Library.

Dr. Cogswell resigned and returned to his native State in 1864. He contributed to Blackwood's Magazine, North American Review, and Monthly Anthology, and he edited The New York Review for about six years prior to its termination in 1842. A short sketch of his bibliographical activities appeared in The Library Journal of New York, vol. xiii. p. 7.

Saffron Walden.

THOMAS WM. HUCK.

The Cogswell in question is doubtless Joseph Green Cogswell (1786-1871), Superintendent of the Astor Library, New York. See Appleton's 'Cyclopædia of American Biography, vol. i. Apart from Cogswell's personal distinction, the fact of his having visited Edinburgh, made the acquaintance of Scottish men of letters, and contributed to Blackwood's Magazine, may account for his inclusion in J. H. Burton's list.

EDWARD BENSLY.

[G. F. R. B. thanked for reply. Reply from MR. W. SCOTT next week.]

Notes on Books, &c.

Sir Walter Scott and the Border Minstrelsy. By Andrew Lang. (Longmans & Co.)

Is discussing Sir Walter Scott as a ballad editor Mr. Lang is fitted with a congenial theme. He is familiar with the ballad as a mode of literary expression, and he is a loyal admirer of Scott. When, therefore, he finds that Col. Fitz William Elliot, in his two volumes of essays on the Border ballads, is disposed to credit the editor of the Minstrelsy' with questionable methods, he strongly deprecates the insinuation. Scott, he says in substance, was an upright, honourable man, whereas Col. Elliot's strictures would convict

him of having been a deliberate trickster. The ballads under discussion are 'Auld Maitland,' The Battle of Otterburne,' 'Jamie Telfer,' and 'Kinmont Willie.' The first, Col. Elliot suggests, Scott knew to be a forgery by Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, and palmed it off on the public as Percy and Herd, dexterously fitted and dressed with emendations, that clearly reveal the modern manipulator. Jamie Telfer' is considered by the champion of the Elliots to have been largely These are grave charges against which Mr. Lang brings to bear both adequate learning and abundance of argument. He acknowledges that at the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth there were some who did not hesitate to fabricate ballads after the ancient manner; that Scott himself was victimized by this nimble artistry; and that Hogg could turn the narrative stanza as well as another. These things being admitted, there is nothing to show that in any shape or form they are applicable to 'Auld Maitland.' This may not be a great poetical achievement, but such as it is, it was not the composition of logg. Mr. Lang produces ample evidence on the point. Hogg and his aged reciters on the Ettrick are again largely responsible for the form of the Otterburne ballad as it appears in the Border Minstrelsy.' Here, too, Mr. Lang shows that the theory he sets himself to controvert is untenable. What is said of the other two ballads is similarly strenuous and plausible, although in the case of 'Kinmont Willie' in particular it is difficult to make dogmatic assertions. It is, however, safe to suggest, as is done by Mr. Lang, that it rests upon an old ballad or old ballads as well as on the crude and ingenious rimes of the unpoetical Satchells. Altogether, Scott's reputation is fully maintained.

"

Wat of Warden" on p. 8 is an obvious mis, print, while the reference to "Percy's death," p. 54, is, no doubt, an inadvertence due to the entanglements of a somewhat abstruse discussion. Mr. Lang says, p. 74, that "won in the line "I saw a dead man won the fight" is ungrammatical. So it would be in a purely English composition, but as a form of "win it is still in use in the Scottish Lowlands. The reiterated assertion that the English captain in 'Jamie Telfer' is "shot through the head," and the remarks about Red Rowan in 'Kinmont Willie,' will probably puzzle expert readers of the two ballads.

Shakespeare as a Groom of the Chamber. By Ernest Law. Illustrated. (Bell & Sons.)

THIS well-printed book of sixty-four pages puts in a clear and interesting light two associations of Shakespeare with the Court of King James I. The poet and his fellow-members of the King's company were each given four and a half yards of "red cloth, against his Majesties Royall Proceeding through the Citie of London" on 15 March, 1604. Are we to infer from this passage, as Halliwell-Phillipps declared, that Shakespeare and his fellows marched in the Royal Procession? Mr. Law says that we cannot, following Dr. Furnivall. The procession was a deferred part of the Coronation, and the allowance of cloth was given to all sorts of people who could hardly have accompanied the sovereign in his progress. Further, the four or five accounts of it-three of then written by dramatists of notemake no mention of the players, nor are they included in contemporary and official records of the occasion. But in the funeral procession of King James the players did figure, having received an allowance of black cloth. The cavalcade in this case amounted to no fewer than 5,000 persons. Another reference to Shakespeare, also in 1604, was given by Halliwell-Phillipps in The Atheneum of 1871. He stated, without giving his authority, that King James ordered every member of Shakespeare's company to attend at Somerset House on the special

envoy of the King of Spain. Mr. Law has discovered the document, also published by Mrs. Stopes (Atheneum, 12 March of this year). It records payments to Phillipps and Hemynges "for th' allowance of themselves and tenne of their fellowes his Maties Groomes of the Chamber and Players," as payment for eighteen days' attendance, 217. 12s. Shakespeare himself is not mentioned, but "only" by his inclusion among the 'tenne of their fellowes' can the full complement of the King's players be accounted for."

The details Mr. Law supplies concerning the magnificent entertainment given to the Spanish representative are of high interest. He comes to the conclusion that the duties of the players were "to stand about and look pleasant." As for the fee, it is twice given as 217. 12s., and once as 217. 14s. by a slip (p. 42), and was worth, Mr. Law says, about eight times as much by present reckoning. He adds that this is the only public function-apart, of course, from performances of the plays - at which Shakespeare, even inferentially, figured-" the only instance, in fact, which we can give of an appearance of his anywhere, except in his private and domestic capacity." One might infer, however, that his bearing of the canopy mentioned in the Sonnets (No. 125) referred to some public occasion.

The book includes two views of Somerset House, and a reproduction of the picture of English and Spanish Commissioners assembled in 1604. Somerset House was lent by the Queen for the occasion to the Constable of Castile, who poured out bribes for English statesmen in great profusion,

We thank Mr. Law for an admirable piece of work. All such well. "documented" details are of great value to the student.

AXEL OXENSTIERNA's phrase concerning the little wisdom with which the world is governed receives notice in more than one recent number of L'Intermédiaire, and the custom of binding books in human skin is also discussed. "Prof. Cornil, who was a Senator," says one correspondent, "was an ardent bibliophile. He was pleased to have several volumes: bound in human skin, using sing tattoo-marks as decora

tive subjects for the sides."

The percentage of the different social classes guillotined during the French Revolution is one of the most interesting questions lately proposed. One correspondent remarks that it is erroneous to believe that the Terror specially attacked nobles, priests, and persons privileged by the ancien régime. After much research, he has come to the conclusion that out of every three victims, two were workingpeople, among whom were peasants, artisans, plough-lads, soldiers, maidservants, dressmakers, serving-men, sailors, and rag-pickers.

The solemn restitution of the keys of Mexico by France to the Mexican Republic comes in for deserved attention. An act so courteous is well worth recording, and it is interesting to read that the green, white, and carmine standards which had been taken by the French troops were restored to Mexico at the same time.

The number of L'Intermédiaire for the 20th of September contains an account of Alphonsine Plessis, known as Marie Duplessis, the courtesan whom Dumas fils idealized as "La Dame aux Camélias." This unfortunate, who died of lungdisease at twenty-three, leaving her sister 100,000 francs, had a wretched childhood, during which she endured infinite degradation.

BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. - DECEMBER.

MR. G. H. BROWN'S Catalogue 54 opens with Ackermann's 'Colleges,' 4to, calf, 1816, 25l.; and • Westminster Abbey,' 2 vols., 4to, morocco, 1813, 41. 10s. Adam's 'Architecture,' 2 vols., folio, 1900, is 71. 10s. Under Ainsworth is the first edition of 'Jack Sheppard,' 3 vols., 1839, original cloth, uncut, 6l. 158. Under Blake is Swinburne's essay, original cloth, 1868, 21. 2s. The 1757 edition of Boccaccio is 71. 108. Under Bookbinding is Fletcher's 'Foreign Bookbindings in the British Museum,' 21. 10s. The original edition of Brookshaw's 'Pomona,' folio, morocco, 1812, is 71. 10s. Under Costumes is Bounard's work, 3 vols., 4to, morocco, 1860, 41. 10s. There is a complete set of Edwards's Botanical Register. Under Heraldic is Dunn's 'Visitations of Wales,' 2 vols., 4to, 1846, in the original cloth, 131. 10s.; and under India, Forrest's 'Ganges,' 4to, 1824, 31. 10s. There are choice copies of La Fontaine. Under Charles Lamb is the Edition de Luxe, 12 vols., 1899, 6l. 10s.; under Lavater, Hunter's Translation, 5 vols., 4to, Stockdale, 1810, 31. 108.; and under Lytton the Edition de Luxe, 32 vols., 15l. There is a fine library set of Jesse's Historical Works, 30 vols., half-calf, with full indexes, illustrations on Japan paper, 1901, 15l. Among French works are Lacroix's 'Moyen Age et la Renaissance,' 5 vols., 4to, Paris, 1848, 6l. 10s.; Pottier's 'Monuments Français,' 2 vols., folio, morocco, 1839, 71. 10s.; and Racinet's 'La Costume Historique,' 6 vols., folio, Paris, 1888, 221. 10s. Under Kent are the works of Harris, Greenwood, and Ireland.

Mr. Charles F. Sawyer's List 23 contains an extra-illustrated copy of the Library Edition of Jesse's 'London,' extended to 6 volumes inlaid to 4to size, 571. Other works extra-illustrated

Mr. D. Webster's Leeds Catalogue contains a series of hand-coloured engravings of cities and towns of Spain and her Colonial possessions in the sixteenth century, many bearing dates of that period; each measures 231 inches by 191 inches. The colouring is brilliant; the plates are in a fine state, and can be had separately. The books include Spedding's 'Bacon,' 7 vols., cloth, 21. 158.; Copinger's 'Bible and its Transmission, 1897, 31. 10s. (presentation copy to Archbishop Maclagan with his book-plate); and 'Early English Prose Romances,' ornamented by Harold Nelson, 3 vols., as new, 10s. (limited to 500 copies on hand-made paper). Under Pater are first editions, including 'Appreciations,' 11. 68. There is a set of The Anglo-Saxon Review, 10 vols., super-royal 8vo, full morocco, 1899-1901, 31. 158.

Messrs. Henry Young & Sons' Liverpool Catalogue CCCCXVII. contains choice coloured plate books, including a collection of original caricatures by Gillray, 951. Under Rowlandson are first editions of 'Dr. Syntax,' 281., and 'Sketches of Scarborough,' 71. 78. Among many choice items under Cruikshank is 'Napoleon,' by Combe, 15l. 158. Other works are the first edition of Bacon's 'Henry VII.,' tall clean copy, 91.98.; and original subscription copies of Bewick's Fables, and 'Select Fables,' 2 vols., 121. 128. (these contain Bewick's receipt). There is a beautiful set of Byron, with Life by Moore and the first edition of the Finden plates, 17 vols., calf, 1832-3, 121. 128. Much of interest will be found under London, including a unique copy of Shepherd's 'World's Metropolis,' the 105 views being painted by hand, 2 vols., half-morocco, 1851, 5l. 58. Under Painters is the first edition of Walpole's 'Anecdotes,' all the plates proofs on India paper, 5 vols., calf, 1828, 161. 16s. There is a set of Scott, 100 vols., half-morocco, 1829-39, 251. Under Tennyson are the first editions of

and his Times,' 81. 8s.; and Thornbury's 'Turner,'

71. 10s. All these are handsomely bound. Under the Kit Cat Club is the complete set of 48 portraits, early copy, 751. Boydell's own copy of 'The River Thames,' 1794, is 211. Under Versailles is the historical series of French Court Memoirs, 18 vols., 71. 128. 6d. (only 800 sets issued). There is a collection of nearly 1,400 playbills, 121. 128. ; and a handsome set in full calf of Inchbald's * British Theatre,' 42 vols., 1808-15, 71. 12s. 6d. Under 'Eikon Basilike' is a fine tall copy of the first edition, 1649, 21. 78. 6d.; and under Gibbon the best edition of the 'Decline and Fall,' 8 vols., levant, 51. 178. 6d. There is a fine set of Grote's * Greece' from the library of Dr. Hornby, 12 vols., calf, 67. 68. Under Oxford is Malton's series of aquatints, picked impressions, folio, 1802-3, 61. 10s. Under Dickens is the large-type Library Edition, 30 vols., original green cloth, 71. 10s. Some relic-hunter may like to be possessed of the author's gun for 451. It has his name engraved, also that of J. Forster; and inside the case

Dickens has written his first Christian name and surname in full. A humorous reference to this gun is to be found in a letter of his to Wilkie Collins, 24 Oct., 1860. Dickens, who was but a cockney sportsman," exclaimed on one occasion, having missed again: "All the demned rabbits are two

[Notices of other Catalogues held over.]

Notices to Correspondents.

We must call special attention to the following notices:

ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print, and to this rule we can make no exception.

EDITORIAL communications should be addressed to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries'"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publishers"-at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.

F. D. WESLEY ("Nursery Rimes"). - See Mrs. Gomme's Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 2 vols., and Halliwell - Phillipps's Nursery Rhymes of England.'

J. HUNTLEY ("I shall pass through this world but once"). -See 10 S. i. 247, 316, 355, 433; v. 260, 393, 498; vii. 140; xi. 60, 366.

A. (B. H.) on royal tombs at St. Denis, 449

A. (H.) on Christopher Moore, 88

A. (J.) on slavery in Scotland, 374

A. (M.) on Epitaphiana, 524

Onion, its pronunciation, 14

Rush (Sir W. B.), Bt., 49

Abbé Se...., c. 1720, book collector, 47, 173
Abbott (G. F.) on Commonwealth grants of arms,
119

Abbreviations in writing, scheme of, 429
Abraham's beard, a game, 29

Abrahams (Aleck) on Apsley House, 486

Beke (Dr.), his Diary, 74
Bibliography of London, 53, 191
Bishopsgate Street Without, 246
Book-covers : "Yellow-Backs," 458
Calonne (M. de), his house in Piccadilly, 9
Club Etranger at Hanover Square, 477
English sepulchral monuments 1300, 199
Harp Alley, 225

Haydon (B. R.) and Shelley, 53
Humphry (Ozias), his papers, 173
Islington historians, 187, 296, 334
Literary Gossip, 15

Moving pictures in Fleet Street, 456
Pedlar's Acre, Lambeth, 55
Railways and motor-cars in 1838, 284
Red Lion Square obelisk, 109
Registry Office: Register Office, 377
Royal tombs at St. Denis, 65
St. Austin's Gate, 38

'St. James's Chronicle,' 475
St. Pancras Church: engraving, 56
Smouch, a term for a Jew, 375
Somerset House, designs, 25
Speaker's Chair, 177

Stone in Pentonville Road, 156

Tygris, a London subterranean river, 209
Ackerley (F. G.) on initials on Russian ikon, 32
Addison (Gulston and Mary) at Madras, 101,
210, 256, 289, 338
Addleshaw (Percy) on scissors and jaws, 497
Addresses, loyal, offered for sale, 266, 378

Adling Street, Barnard's Castle, locality, 148, 197
Adrian IV. (Pope), his ring and the Emerald Isle,

208, 250, 396

Aldworth (Geoffry), King's musician, 268
Alexander III. (Pope), and King Henry II.,
349, 396

Alexandrines in Shakespeare, 309, 417

Alfieri (Count Vittorio), visit to England, c. 1771,
421, 532

Alford (Dean Henry), edition of his poems, 108, 159
All Souls College, Oxford, and Duke of Wharton,
309, 355

Allen (Archdeacon Fifield), his marriage, 449, 517
Allerton, Lancs, and Hardman family, 249
Alleyn (Charles), c. 1606, his descendants, 88
Alleyn (Dame Etheldreda), recusant in 1587,

88,257

Alleyn (Sir John), d. 1545, his biography, 88,
176, 257

Allport on Falkland Islands: Capt. Durie, 288
Alnwick on Florence Nightingale, 165

Altham (James), Westminster scholar, 1713. 429
'Alumni Cantabrigienses,' conjectural amend-

ments, 25

'Alumni Oxonienses,' conjectural amendments, 25
Amaneuus as a Christian name, 88, 152, 197
Ambassadors, Sir H. Wotton on, 425
American authors, allusions in, 307, 373
American words and phrases, 67, 132, 193
Ancholme on Christmas Bough, 507
Anderson (J. A.) on Durham boat, 207

Hunter (Governor) of New York, 447
Anderson (P. J.) on Cardonnel's 'Picturesque

Antiquities,' 282

Daniel (Robert Mackenzie), novelist, 167
Early graduation: Gilbert Burnet, 427
'Gentleman's Magazine,' numbering of

volumes, 388

'Letters by an American Spy,' 427
Mathematical periodicals: C. and G. Hut-
ton, 347, 466

Municipal records printed, 530

Oatcake and whisky as Eucharistic elements,
188, 396

Peters (Father) and Queen Mary, 107
Quérard, (J. M.), 87

Shaving Them,' by Titus A. Brick, 27
Angevin royal tombs, 184, 223, 278, 332, 356, 390,
410, 431

Anglo-Spanish author in Borrow's 'Bible in Spain,
119, 171, 314

Anonymous Works:-

Arno Miscellany, 1784, 148, 234, 293
Buccaneer, a tale of Sheppey, 308, 372
Day with Cromwell, 189

Jane Shore, 1836, 66, 116, 238

Jonathan Sharp, 35

Julian's Vision, 189

Lay of St. Aloys, 388

Apple tree flowering in autumn, 149, 199
Apprenticeship experiences, 1723, 26

B. on Sydney Smith and Spencer Perceval, 267

B. (C. C.) on Dean Alford's poems, 159

American words and phrases, 193

'Arden of Feversham': "Gale," 417

Bael: Bhel: Bel, 426

329

Apsley House, date of its purchase, 486

Arabian horses in pre-Mohammedan days, 71
Arabis, flower-name, its derivation, 11, 279

Aram (Eugene), his trial, 105, 279, 319

Aravamuthan (T. G.) on 'Pride and Prejudice,' 147
Arcangelus (D. Camerino,) painter, 517

Archæology, excavations in the Sudan, 108, 235
Archdeacons of Hereford, c. 1567, 128, 255

Archer (H. G.) on Alfieri in England, 421

Archibald (R. C.) on Col. T. Condon: Capt. T.

Mellish, 127

Ladies and University degrees, 247
Architecture and eminent men, 342, 398
Ardea on battle of Dunbar, 301

Clergy retiring from the dinner table, 136
Jew's eye, 277

Merluche, 92
Moses and Pharaoh's daughter, 152

Peony-royal, 308

Shakespeariana, 77

Staple in place-names, 192
Tennyson: oorali, 453

Traherne: curious rimes to "joy," 426

Wordsworth: variant readings, 294

B. (E. A.) on 'The Buccaneer,' 308

417

B. (G. D.) on genealogical puzzle, 28

B. (G. F. R.) on William Aislabie, 429

Aldrich (Henry), 368

Allen (Fifield), 449

Altham (James), 429

Ashton (James), 449

Atkyns (Sir Robert), K.B., 429

Barwell (Richard), 368

Bisset (William), 409

Botany: time of flowers blooming, 78
Cade (Salusbury), M.D., 469

Clarkson, 170