tion, will see in the lines little more than a variation of the common saying "After a storm comes a calm." By the poet's vision, the elemental forces of nature are beheld engaged in Titanic conflict, which continues until through sheer weariness the waves sink into the calm of exhaustion. Tennyson's imagery is perhaps slightly different. It represents nature as assailed by malignant human agencies, until in the end it lapses into a condition of insensibility. SCOTUS.

James Erskine Baker, writing about 1760 in the Companion to the Play House,' speaks very highly of this, the third alteration of Shakespere's play. He says: He has rendered the whole more uniform, and worked up the catastrophe to a greater degree of distress than it held in the original." My little volume is quite at the service of MR. CUTTER if he would care to borrow it. WM. NORMAN.

6, St. James' Place, Plumstead.

MOSES AND PHARAOH'S DAUGHTER (11 S. In Capt. Marryat's Newton Foster an i. 469).—The finding of Moses by Pharaoh's action is described as taking place between daughter has been a favourite subject with an Indiaman and a French privateer com- artists both in ancient and modern times. manded by Surcouf. The cannonade makes | Mrs. Jameson in her 'History of our Lord,' the wind lull so that the ships have to cease vol. i. pp. 172-3, mentions Perugino, firing till the smoke clears away of itself. Raphael, Poussin, and Bonifazio as having Marryat has seen a great deal of hard service been, among others, attracted by the theme. under Lord Cochrane, and his descriptions In public and private galleries in this country of sea-fights and shipwrecks are clear and there are at least half-a-dozen paintings accurate. Perhaps a cannonade would have by different masters bearing the same title. little effect on a strong breeze, and the lull Among them a Finding of Moses' by caused by it not be long. M. N. G. Titian was formerly in the collection at Burleigh House, the seat of the Marquis of Exeter. See Hazlitt's Picture Galleries W. S. S.

GEORGE KNAPP, M.P.: KNAPP FAMILY

I

(11 S. i. 389; ii. 35).—I have in my possession
a pencil sketch of a lady's head in profile by
Jonathan Richardson-whether the elder
or the younger I am unable to say. The
following inscription is written in the margin
"Mrs. Cath: Knapp, August 25, 1731."
have hitherto been unable to identify the
original of the portrait. Perhaps MR. O. G.
KNAPP of Maidenhead, who has informed
COL. FYNMORE that he is engaged on a Knapp
family history, may be able to help me.
W. F. PRIDEAUX.

GARRICK'S VERSION OF ' ROMEO

AND

JULIET 2 (11 S. ii. 47).—I have a copy of the above work in an odd volume of old plays, the others being 'The Perjur'd Husband,' by

6

Mrs. Centlivre, and Constantine the Great and 'Theodosius,' by Nat. Lee. The titlepage to Garrick's play reads :—

"Romeo and Juliet by Shakespear, with Alterations and an additional Scene: by D. Garrick. As it is Performed at the TheatreRoyal in Drury Lane. London: Printed for J. & R. Jonson and S. Draper MDCCLVI." There is an interesting, if acid, personal paragraph concluding the 2 Advertisement on the next page:

"The persons who from their great Goodnature and Love of Justice have endeavour'd to take away from the present Editor the little Merit of this Scene by ascribing it to Otway, have unwittingly, from the Nature of the Accusation, paid him a Compliment which he believes they never intended him."

of England.'

PIGEON-HOUSES IN THE MIDDLE AGES (11 S. ii. 49).-As bearing on the custom of pigeon-houses, there is in the archives of the Dover Corporation a charter, dated 7 March, 1467, by which "a berne, a gardein with a douffhous....within the liberty of the Town and Port of Dover," was let for 80 years. Twice in the charter the structure is called "a douffhous," and three times it is referred to as a culverhouse. That the structure was a permanent one of some importance is shown by the fact that special provisions the 80 years' lease. are made for its being kept in repair during As to the connexion

22

66

of pigeon-houses with rectories, it may be
mentioned that this
'berne gardein with
douffhous was near to St. James's
Rectory, Dover, and there was an ancient
barn standing there about a century ago.

As to the right to erect pigeon-houses,
a lord of the manor, according to cases cited
by Burn, may build a dovecot
on his
own manor, but a tenant of a manor cannot
without his lord's licence; but any free-
holder may build a dovecot on his own land.
Pigeons kept in such dovecots were, at a very
early period, protected by the game laws.
It would seem that the right to have a
pigeon-house at a rectory would arise from
the tenure being in the nature of a freehold ;
and by a similar rule the Dover Corporation

had their right to grant a charter including with the ivory image of a maiden which he the privilege of keeping a culverhouse himself had made (Ov., 'Met.,' x. 243). See because they were lords of the fee, holding Sir William Smith's Classical Dictionary," all lands in their liberty for services rendered sub Pygmalion. to the Crown in connexion with the Cinque Ports navy. JOHN BAVINGTON JONES. Dover.

dent, and has been compared to Defoe's writing. A leading review wrote an article on it, treating it as a narrative of facts. Miss Porter died at Bristol in 1850, aged 74. CONSTANCE RUSSELL.

Swallowfield Park, Reading.

This Narrative' is discussed by Mr. William Bates in The Maclise Portrait Gallery,' pp. 310-11. He is of opinion that the author was Dr. W. Ogilvie Porter, the elder brother of Miss Jane Porter. In the course of the discussion, Mr. Bates calls attention to references in N. & Q.' (1 S. v. 10, 185, 352), and also to The Quarterly Review, vol. xlviii. p. 480. W. S. S.

66

22

thorough repairs to all the Island forts are
fully recorded, there is no mention of East
Cowes Castle. It is not named on Speed's
map, and though Old Castle Point exists,
there is absolutely no record of any building
there. Can any of your readers help to
settle this point?
Y. T.

Perhaps the following notes may be interesting on account of their connexion with Hampshire.

Thomas Cowse, among others, bond to the king for 500l. 8 Sept., 2 Hen. VII. Ten seals to this document.

Grant to John la Caus, lands in manor of Hordhulle. No date. Cat. Anc. Deeds at P.R.O.

GARIBALDI AND HIS FLAG (11 S. ii. 7).— Anthony Cowce and Agnes his wife, The flag mentioned by Hamerton can defendants in a suit respecting Charletts hardly be called Garibaldi's personal at Elstone in parish of Alverstoke, co. flag. Garibaldi and Holyoake were great Southampton. Chancery Suits temp. Eliz. friends, and to show his friendship Gari- I once knew an Isle of Wight family baldi, at the close of the war for the freedom named Caws. of Italy, gave Holyoake his portrait, with a letter thanking him for all he had gener ously done for the Italian cause," and at the same time presented him with the flag carried throughout the campaign by the triumphant Garibaldians. This Holyoake hung up in his library, and at his funeral it was placed on his coffin.

66

Holyoake's youngest daughter, Mrs. Holyoake Marsh, informs me that it is composed of three stripes about 12 inches wide, of red, white, and green, and, to quote her father's words, was merely a tricolour of three pieces of cotton_nailed to a staff." Mrs. Marsh adds: "It was not cotton, however, but a woollen material." She has generously presented this interesting memorial to Italy, and it now hangs in the Museum at Milan. JOHN COLLINS FRANCIS.

COWES FAMILY (11 S. i. 508; ii. 58). May I express my gratitude to B.U. L. L. and W. S. S. for their valuable information, and my regret that such comprehensive notes give no confirmation of the theory that a family gave its name to Cowes ?

A search amongst naval papers that refer to the place has also been fruitless of results, save that it shows that West Cowe was an early way of writing of the Castle.

A fresh question arises from the efforts to trace the name, and I should gratefully welcome information upon it. There seems ground for doubting the received belief that King Henry VIII. built a second castle, on the eastern side of the Medina. In the days of his daughter Elizabeth, when very

There was a Jacob Cowes, described as a Dutchman, an alien in London in 1567.

LEO C.

THE CIRCLE OF LODA (11 S. ii. 8).-Perhaps DR. YOUNG may find the information he desires by consulting the poems of Ossian, especially those entitled Carric-Thura,' Cath-Loda,' and Eina-Morul.' Loda is believed to have been synonymous with Odin, the Scandinavian deity. The circle of Loda, mentioned in Carric-Thura,' is supposed to be a place of worship among the Norsemen. Apparently it was situated on one of the islands of the Orcadian group, but it may be understood as applicable to any locality where the worshippers of Odin assembled. The hall of Loda perhaps stands for the Norse Valhalla, but is evidently located on some island off the Scandinavian

or Norwegian coast. Brewer's 'Reader's Handbook draws an interesting parallel between the encounter of Fingal and Loda as related by Ossian, and the wounding of the war-god Mars by Diomed in the 'Iliad.'

W. SCOTT.

MARKET DAY (11 S. ii. 48).-Was not the main consideration in fixing a day for a market the desire to avoid conflicting with a more important market in the neighbourhood? Markets were not principally (in their origin) intended for farmers who wished to sell the week's store of provisions (manna) to townsfolk, but, like the fairs, were for farmers to buy and to sell-or to exchange-their stock and their provender

The King of Great Britain was reckon❜d before
The Head of the Church by all Christian People
His Subjects of Bloomsbury have added one more
To his Titles and made him the Head of the
Steeple.

The most important markets, therefore, The following is from a manuscript comwere not those in big towns, but those in monplace book dated on the back 1832 :— convenient positions to serve a big district, On the late king's statue on the top of Bloomsand especially a district with very varied bury spire. soils and culture-possibilities. In many cases-probably most-the fairs preceded the markets. Fairs were regulated by season and by saints' days. Thus, on a border between high land that affords ample sheeppasture through the summer, and lower land where sheep may be root-fed and folded through the winter, there would be fairs at the most convenient time for changing the sheep. When a market was demanded by changed conditions, it would probably be on the same day of the week as the principal fair-day, unless that day was already in use for some neighbouring market. Many farmers attend two or more markets, in different places, regularly.

H. SNOWDEN WARD.

In a given district it is plainly to the advantage of farmers and their customers to meet more frequently than once a week, and country carriers will be found going to two or three markets a week within their radius. The later-established markets would choose a different day from that fixed by their senior neighbour.

6

The words "late king" would presumably place the date of this epigram in the time (which I bought some years ago) appears to of George II. This commonplace book have been compiled by one E. W. Gwatkin.

As to the statue, &c., Charles Knight's London,' vol. v. (1843), p. 198, has the following:

"Above this stage commences a series of steps, gradually narrowing, so as to assume a pyramidal appearance, the lowest of which are ornamented at the corners by lions and unicorns guarding the royal arms (the former with his tail and heels frisking in the air), and which support at the apex,

on a short column, a statue, in Roman costume, of George I."

A picture of the church, including the statue and one of the (presumably) two pairs of supporters, is in William Maitland's "History and Survey of London,' 1756, vol. ii., facing p. 1360. The supporters appear to be guarding a crown, not the royal arms. The crown exists now, but the supporters are gone. It is possible that the royal arms

H. P. L. [MR. TOM JONES also thanked for reply.] GOLDSMITH AND HACKNEY (11 S. ii. 10).—were on the opposite side. Goldsmith lodged in Canonbury in 1767 as well as in 1762. The events attending his residence there have been carefully examined by Forster in his Life of Goldsmith,' and by Mr. Austin Dobson in Oliver Goldsmith in the "Great Writers 22 series. It is extremely probable that he visited Hackney while residing at Canonbury, but no evidence has yet been forthcoming to show that he did. When two such accomplished gleaners have thoroughly explored the field of inquiry, it is scarcely likely that many grains have been left ungathered to reward the efforts of future investigators.

According to the Dictionary of National Biography,' s.v. Nicholas Hawksmoor, the "lion and unicorn" (in the singular) were If removed in 1871 by G. E. Street, R.A. everything of grotesque appearance London were removed, London would be much less interesting than it is.

W. S. S.

6

in

For prints besides that in Maitland the Dictionary refers to Clarke, Archit.. Eccles.,' plate xlv., and Malton, London and Westminster,' pl. lxxvi.

ROBERT PIERPOINT.

Nicholas Hawksmoor was not a sculptor. He was an architect, a pupil of Sir Christopher Wren's. Amongst other churches, he designed St. George's, Bloomsbury, built at a cost of 9,7937., and consecrated in 1731. But what authority has W. A. H. for asserting that he was the actual carver of the statue of King George I. crowning the spire of that edifice? Birch in his London Churches' (1896) describes the monarch as standing there "in solitary state, a lightning conductor decorating the top of his head." HARRY HEMS.

Fair Park, Exeter.

66

MR. PIERPOINT (ante, p. 50), referring to statues in the Royal Exchange destroyed by the fire in 1838, says: Apparently the only statue which escaped was that of Sir Thomas Gresham. It had also escaped in the Great Fire."

ment formerly placed there. Led by this hint they opened the ground not far from the wall, and not much more than a foot from the surface they found a leaden envelope, which they opened in two places, on the face and breast, and found it to contain a human body wrapped in cerecloth. Upon removing what covered the face, they The statue of Charles II. that stood in the discovered the features, and particularly the eyes, in perfect preservation. Alarmed at this sight centre of the open area of the old Exchange and with the smell, which came principally from was saved, and stands in the south-east the cerecloth, they ordered the ground to be angle of the ambulatory of the present build-thrown in immediately, without judiciously ing. It is said to be the only stone portrait closing up the cerecloth and lead which covered figure carving of Grinling Gibbons. It the face: only observing enough of the inscription to convince them that it was the body of Queen represents the merry monarch in Roman Katherine. costume. It has recently been cleansed by the Gresham committee.

CHAS. H. HOPWOOD.

Circa 1870, a relative of mine who was shown the statue at Hackwood was asked to point out any defect or imperfection in it. One of the stirrups was then seen to be missing, and it was stated that when the artist discovered this (his) omission, he committed suicide. But the fact that the statue is of lead seems to make this a most improbable "yarn." V. D. P.

QUEEN KATHERINE PARR (11 S. i. 508).The following inscription and a print are found in vol. ix. p. 1 of the Archæologia of the Society of Antiquaries, and illustrate Dr. Treadway Nash's Observations on the Time of the Death and Place of Burial of Queen Katherine Parr 2 :

KP

A MS. in the Heralds' College, intitled A Book of Buryalls of trewe noble Persons,' N. 15, pp. 98, 99, contains a Breviate of the Interment of the Lady Katheryn Parr, Quene Dowager, &c., and goes on: Item on Wedysdaye the 5 Septembre, between 2 and 3 of the clocke in the morning, died the aforesaid Ladye, late Queene Dowager, at the Castle of Sudley in Gloucestershire, 1548, and lyeth buried in the chappell of the said Castle. Item she was ceared and chested in lead accordingly, and so remained,' &c.

"This account, being published in Rudder's New History of Gloucestershire,' raised the curiosity of some ladies, who happened to be at the Castle in May, 1782, to examine the ruined chapel, and observing a large block of alabaster fixed in the north wall of the chapel, they imagined it might be the back of a monu

"In May, 1784, some persons, having curiosity again to open the grave, found that the air, rain, and dirt having come to the face, it was entirely destroyed, and nothing left but the bones. It further search made. then immediately covered up, and no

was

66

Oct. 14, 1786, I went to Sudeley in company with the Hon. John Summers Cocks, and Mr. John Stripp of Ledbury, having previously obtained leave of Lord Rivers, the owner of the the ground and heaving up the lead, we found Castle, to examine the chapel. Upon opening the face totally decayed, the bones only remaining; the teeth, which were sound, had fallen out of their sockets. The body, I believe, is perfect, as it has never been opened; we thought it indecent to uncover it; but observing the left hand to lie at a small distance from the body, we took off the cerecloth, and found the hand and nails perfect, but of a brownish colour: the cerecloth consisted of many folds of coarse linen, dipped in wax, tar, and perhaps some gum, &c. : over this was wrapt a sheet of lead, fitted exactly close to the body.'

On the part of the lead that covered the W. C. breast was the inscription.

Perhaps the most detailed account of the close of Queen Katherine Parr's life will be found in the Rev. James Anderson's The 'Ladies of the Reformation,' vol. i. book was published about fifty-five years ago, and enjoyed for a time considerable popularity. As an author Queen Katherine Parr acquired no small reputation in her day; a full list of her writings is given in Walpole's 'Royal and Noble Authors,' vol. i.

The fate of her daughter by Lord Seymour of Sudeley is involved in some obscurity. Trustworthy historians agree in representing her as dying in infancy, or, at least, while still of tender years, thus following the authority of Strype rather than that of Miss Strickland.

W. SCOTT.