"Macklin excudit. | Her Grace the Duchess of Devonshire. London, pub July 3rd, 1779, by Thos Macklin, No. 1, Lincoln's Inn Fields." In our ancient laws these persons used to have The portrait described by J. O. is one of the the oversight of ten friburghs for the preservation numerous engraved portraits of Georgiana, the of the king's peace. They had large authority, re- beautiful Duchess of Devonshire. It bears the foldressing wrongs by way of judgment. The "Dozi-lowing inscription under the oval :niers," Fitzherbert says, "had to make presentment that a felon is taken for felony and delivered to the sheriff," &c. Religious persons, clerks, knights, or women could not be Deciniers. Warned, in a legal sense, is to summon to appear in a court of justice. "The names of the Dozeneres which are warned" would in modern parlance be, "The jury (Dozein) was summoned." Idridgehay. J. P. The following is in the Dictionnaire de Furetiere, temp. 1727, under "Douzaine": "Les Sergens de la Douzaine sont les douze anciens Sergens du Châtelet, qui font les Gardes du Prevôt de Paris." In the Dictionnaire de l'Académie, "Prevôt de Paris": "Officier principal, qui était chef de la juridiction du Châtelet, et qui, en cas de convocation de la noblesse, était à la tête de l'Arrière-ban." In Le Quesne's Constitutional History of Jersey, temp. 1856, the following will be found at p. 73: There is no painter's name, but the style is a poor WATER-MARKS (5th S. vi. 536.)—There is an interesting paper on this subject in the twelfth vol. of the Archeologia, p. 114, by the Rev. Samuel Denne. I believe there is also one on the same subject in a later volume by the Rev. Joseph Hunter, but for this I cannot give the precise reference. ANON. "It is not improbable that some of the institutions of the Channel Islands may have been derived from Germany. We find in the early ages of the French monarchy offices which are still in existence among us, although they do not appear to have prevailed in Normandy under The only book I know on the subject is, Etudes her dukes. For instance, we find the office of Centenier sur les Filagrammes des Papiers employés en France and of Dozainier, who had the right of holding a court aux XIVe et XVe Siècles, par Midoux et Matton, or public assembly, where justice was administered, and Paris, 1868, 8vo. If some others could be pointed where matters which related to the district were dis-out, I should be very much obliged. cussed (Guizot). The offices are no longer the same; but we still have the Constable ('Connétable'), who presides at all parish meetings; the Centenier, who is the next officer, and whose office is one of trust and respon sibility; and in Guernsey we find the Douzainier, who is called to take a part in the affairs of the island." O. W. Ayr Academy. HENRI GAUSSERON. If COLLECTOR and TEMPUS will write to me directly, I may perhaps be able to give them some information on the above subject. In the mean time I advise them not to attach too much THE DUCHESS OF DEVONSHIRE (5th S. vii. 6.)-importance to water-marks, as certain manufacGeorgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, and "the abducted charmer lately bewitching the town," as J. O. calls her, were two different persons, being, in fact, the first and second duchesses, the one a daughter of Earl Spencer, and the other of the Earl of Bristol. Georgiana (of whom there is a very beautiful portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds) was the beauty, and the toast, to whose charming verses on her child we owe the ode by Coleridge, commencing, "Lady reared 'midst pomp and pleasure, Where learned you that most pensive measure?" As the second duchess, while Lady Elizabeth Foster, was never renowned for her beauty, it is probably to Gainsborough's admirable execution of her portrait as a work of art, rather than to any loveliness in herself, that the language of laudation really belongs. Though in life almost inseparably united, no comparison or correlation in beauty was ever suggested between the second duchess and the first. C. R. H. turers used, during a long time, the same marks, many old drawings were made on what we should now call old waste-paper, and in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries a great deal of paper was made in France and elsewhere with paper-marks suitable to the countries to which it was exported. RALPH N. JAMES. Ashford, Kent. "N. AN INVOCATION TO LINDLEY MURRAY (5th S. vi. 534.)—I am very glad to see some one coming forward to call attention to the many small inaccuracies of common colloquial English. & Q." ought to endeavour to preserve the purity of the English language, which, I fear, is fast falling into a very slovenly condition. Not only are the errors pointed out by HERMENTRUDE common enough, but one can hardly read an article in the Times without spotting several others. I noticed two this morning. Up to this time the Turks had done nothing,” instead of down to this 66 time. We reckon time up to the beginning of history, down to our day. Again, the habitual neglect of the use of the subjunctive mood after indefinite conjunctions: "If this is so," instead of "If this be so"; "Though he finds himself wrong," &c., instead of "Though he find," &c. I have for many years made a practice of sending my "proofs" to a lady for final correction. I have often been surprised to find how many small errors she detected, which had escaped my notice. I fear we are all living, as well as writing, too fast in this age of hurry and excitement. 66 E. LEATON BLENKINSOPP. To the common errors mentioned by HERMENTRUDE, let me add one or two instances of confusion of case: "Whom I believe came from London," Between you and I." Let me also enter a protest against the practice (which I fancy originated with one of the Kingsleys) of treating the verb dare as indeclinable: "He dare not," for "He dares not"; "They dare to go," for "They dared to go," and so on. Another form of the phrase first quoted by HERMENTRUDE is equally common, and perhaps equally objectionable: "This kind of things is so pretty"; the correct expression, "Things of this kind are so pretty," is C. S. rarely heard. I once had a Lindley Murray (now vanished from my shelves), in which sung was given both for the participle and the imperfect of "to sing.” There are many verbs ending in ing where the a would sound very odd for the imperfect, as " She wrang her hands," "They clang to the rock," "It swang violently." I cannot answer for modern editions of Murray, for mine must have been at least sixty-five years old, and I remember my English master setting a mark against it and similar verbs, as rang, &c. Z. Z. R. W. BUSS (5th S. vi. 359.)—I am able, on the authority of Dr. Arthur Evershed, to inform CUTHBERT BEDE that Mr. Buss never published his lectures on English caricaturists. I may state, in addition to what has appeared in 5th S. iii., iv., that I have lately copied the following title-p -page, which, if I give it in full, will require no further comment on my part, as the author therein explains what he considered necessary : "English graphic satire, and its relation to different styles of painting, sculpture, and engraving; a contribution to the history of the English school of art. The numerous illustrations selected and drawn from the "FIDDLER'S MONEY" (5th S. vi. 536.)-This expression, with which I have been familiar all my life, is by no means peculiar to Yorkshire. During the last week or ten days, I have asked a large number of persons, "What is fiddler's money?" and have found but one to whom the expression was new. It is equally well known to natives of Cornwall, Devon, Somerset, Dorset, Essex, and London; but, whilst all agree that it denotes a sum of money made up of silver coins not exceeding sixpences in value, elderly persons restrict it to sixpences, whilst those who younger make it include all silver coins from sixpence downward. My own belief is that it originated, at least in East Cornwall, in the fact that a sixpence was the time-honoured coin and amount for a party of dancers to give a fiddler for playing "three-handed" or "four-handed reel " at vilWM. PENGELLY. lage fairs. a are Torquay. In Oxfordshire threepenny and fourpenny pieces G. J. DEW. are called "fiddler's money." This is a very common expression, and I do not think it is confined to any particular county-at least I am familiar with it in the eastern counties as well as in Middlesex and Surrey. YORKSHIRE SAYING (5th S. vii. 108.)-Halliwell has placed on record some lines respecting the washing day in his Nursery Rhymes of England, p. 72: "They that wash on Monday Have all the week to dry; They that wash on Friday And they that wash on Saturday, Oh! they're sluts indeed." A Scotch version, to be found in Chambers's They that wash on Monanday They that wash on Wednesday Are no sair to mean (i.e. are well enough off); They that wash on Thursday May get their claes clean; They that wash on Friday They that wash on Saturday ST. SWITHIN. [We have to thank forty correspondents who have sent similar replies. Twenty-nine are from ladies.] CHURCH WINDOW (5th S. vii. 107.) The window seems certainly, from the description, to have been one commemorating St. Catherine. The hole in the stone in the wall of the rood-loft stairs was probably to admit light and air. I think there is a small one of a similar character in the south wall of Iffley Church, near Oxford, also where the rood-loft stairs are. It is too high from the ground for things to be handed in. ED. MARSHALL. The figure was that of St. Katharine of Alexandria, and the wheels represented the instrument of torture from which tradition relates her miraculous deliverance. Perhaps the hole in the wall answered the purpose, whatever it may have been, of a lychnoscope-one of those low side windows which frequently occur in the north-west or southwest parts of chancels, more especially in firstpointed work" (Handbook of English Ecclesiology, p. 201). STATE POEMS (5th S. vi. 401; vii. 98.)-The fourth part which MR. W. H. CUMMINGS mentions is, as DR. RIMBAULT pointed out (5th S. v. 443), not a fourth part of E, but of D, though it is not unfrequently bound up with the three parts of E. As regards the edition of F of 1689, the imprimatur date of which is Dec. 21, 1688, it contains only sixty-seven poems, all of which, together with forty more, are included in the edition of 1690. It is interesting, as it carries the date of publication a year further back. There are peculiarities of spelling, and many of the names are printed in full, which in the second edition are only given in initial. Thus, in 1689, in "Farewell Petre" we have Petre, Chester, Brent, Wright, &c., and, in 1690, only P, C-, B-, and W EDWARD SOLLY. SCOTT FAMILY (5th S. vii. 89.)-The family of Scott alluded to by MAPLE were of Barnes Hall, in the parish of Ecclesfield, co. York. Barnes Hall was purchased of one Robert Shatton by Thomas Scott, alias Rotherham, Archbishop of York, and he in his will, dated August 6, 1498, left it to his kinsman John Scott, of Ecclesfield, who, he states, possessed a small hereditament in that parish that had been held by men of the same name and blood from time beyond the memory of man. There was no claim on their part to be in any way connected with the Scotts of Buccleuch. If MAPLE is interested in the name, I could send him a short pedigree of Scotts, naval men, who bore arms identical with the Buccleuch family and claimed descent from them, but unfortunately the necessary proofs are wanting. MAPLE will find a pedigree of Scotts of Barnes Hall in Hunter's Hallamshire, Gatty's edition, pp. 442 and 443. ALFRED SCOTT GATTY. Ecclesfield, Sheffield. JOANNES DE SACRO BOSCO (5th S. vi. 147, 255; vii. 77.)-What could be the cause of Dr. Adam Clarke being known among intimate friends as Sacrobosco? I knew a person who, being on a journey, got into conversation with a fellow traveller, and in the course of their talk my friend happened to mention the name of a neighbour to whom his The figure of a woman standing on a wheel or companion was known. They shook hands at partmariner's compass was undoubtedly the representa-ing, and he requested my friend to give his respects I confess I do not quite understand where the hole in the "certain parish church of Devon" is. ST. SWITHIN. tion of a tetramorph, not unfrequent in stained to his neighbour. To the inquiry, "What name shall I give?" the answer was, "Sacrobosco." When the message was given by my friend to his it. Craven. ELLCEE. names. neighbour, he said it was Adam Clarke who sent in a printed form. The best portion of the book is that which deals with mythological, scriptural, and medical It were to be wished that the London School Board would take in hand, instead of the settling of spelling, that of quantity, with regard to classical words of ignorance to say acumen, why should not the same which have become practically English. If it be a sign sign brand orator and dozens of other words? WHITTLESEA MERE (5th S. vii. 89.)-Probably this was a "proof" copy. An autotype of Bodger's map is one of the illustrations in Reminiscences of Fen and Mere, by J. M. Heathcote (Longmans, 1876), p. 26. CUTHBERT BEDE. THE Very Rev. Canon Bourke, President of St. Jarlath's College, has published, through Messrs. Longmans & Co., a second edition of his Aryan Origin of the Gaelic Race Truth of the Pentateuch. This new edition is a proof of the interest taken in Canon Bourke's curious work. AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (5th S. vii. and Language, the Round Towers, the Brehon Law, the 108.) "He who for love," &c. This verse is by Monckton Milnes (Lord Houghton), in a short poem, To Myrzha on returning. LOUISA JULIA NORMAN. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Debrett's Illustrated Peerage and Baronetage, Titles of Courtesy, and the Knightage. To which is added much Information respecting the Immediate Family Connexions of the Peers and Baronets. (Dean & Son.) THE editor of Debrett has surpassed himself, as the public has hitherto known him. The year lent itself to that end,-year of "the Empress of India," of the new order of Peers of Parliament, "Lords of Appeal in Ordinary," and of the new bishopric, Truro. The book is correct up to the week of publication, but the most recent copy of Debrett must have some hiatus. Since this volume was issued, a lady who still figures here as a wife has lost that condition, but by a Court process; and a young baronet, of an old creation, has brought his stormy life to an end in a Covent Garden tavern. In reference to baronets, it may be observed that the property of De Hoghton (the second baronetcy in point of precedency) has been in the family since the time of King Stephen. The editor tells us of another baronet, Sir Benjamin Chitty Campbell Pine, Bart., that he has dropped the "Sir" and the "Bart." to which he is entitled, and now takes the plain style of "Mr." On the other hand, warning is given against soi-disant baronets as being on the increase, especially among the directors of some of the limited liability companies. This is in curious contrast with the report of bona fide baronets, some of whom, if report be true, sell their names to similar companies, and descend to the condition of "guinea pigs." In most wholesome contrast with these are the young noblemen who have "gone into business," and who give their business addresses in the East. Death made great havoc last year in the ranks of the peers, baronets, and knights, and the unprecedented number of marriages in the first two ranks were followed by unusually few births. One peerage (Lisgar) and seven baronetcies have become extinct, and one earldom and six baronies were conferred upon commoners. The number of Roman Catholic peers in the Upper House is just three dozen, beginning, alphabetically, with Baron Acton, who, according to the Athenæum, is the author of the leading article in the present number of the Quarterly, on Wolsey. There remains only to be said that there is an immense amount of labour in this volume, but the success of the editor and the usefulness of his really historical work are commensurate with the labour. Every Day Errors of Speech. By L. F. Meredith, M.D. Revised and Corrected by the Rev. T. H. L. Leary, D.C.L. (Tegg & Co.) A USEFUL little manual, but one which shows how difficult and often misleading it is to exhibit pronunciation Notices to Correspondents. ON all communications should be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. D. D.-For "Tempora mutantur, nos et mutamur in illis," see " second of the above references the germ of the line is N. & Q.," 1st S. i. 215, 234, 419. At the said to be in the Delicia Poetarum Germanorum, i. 685, of the middle ages, but with "Omnia" for "Tempora." among the poems of Matthias Borbonius, a German writer Borbonius refers it to Lotharius I., who flourished in the first half of the ninth century, as the original source. In "N. & Q.," 4th S. xii. 32, Dr. Burns, of New Orleans, quotes the learned Welshman Owen (Audoenus) as the author of the line, "Tempora," &c. Owen died in 1622. phrase, the authorship of which has been a puzzle to In one of his epigrams there is another often-quoted many, namely, the last four words in the first line below: "An fuerit Petrus Romæ sub judice lis est, Simonem Romæ nemo fuisse negat." J. W. S.-In Boswell's Life of Johnson, ii. 377, there is a list, which the Doctor gave to his biographer, of the different places in which he had lived since he entered the metropolis as an author." down to the year 1779. They amount to seventeen. There is no record of Johnson ever having lived at Canonbury; but Goldsmith, in 1763 and 1764, lodged in the house of a Mr. Fleming, in "Canonbury Place." M. N. G.-Charles Knight's Autobiography was published by Knight & Co., Fleet Street. The song inquired for can be heard of at the music-publishers'. "6 FIRMUS ET FIDELIS."-The verses are modern additions. The MSS. were collected by Harley, Earl of Oxford, and are in the British Museum. GORILLA. A Simple Story could be procured by any bookseller. J. D.-See Mr. Baring-Gould's Yorkshire Oddities. G. W. T.-J. R. Smith, Soho Square. ERRATUM.-P. 119, for " Self-Formation was published by Warne," read "An edition of Half-Hours with the Best Authors was published by Warne," &c. The rest of the note also applies to Half-Hours. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries '"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1877. CONTENTS.- N° 165. NOTES:-Bath Bibliography, 141-The First Publication of of York's Bones-Folk-Lore-Dorsetshire Provincialisms- of small printing. It would almost be madness to look through these volumes, searching for those works which relate to Bath." The date 1834 is given without a reference to the edition of 1864, by Bohn, in five volumes. Mr. Edwards has surely adopted the words of some reviewer of 1834 in speaking of Lowndes. At all events, he will, I think, not find his opinion borne QUERIES:-M. Carter's "True Relation" of the Siege of out by others. The preface to the Handbook to Colchester Christian Heroism - Tombstones: Spirits: Early English Literature gives quite a different Ghosts-"The Jockey Club". Provincial Terms, 147-view, and Mr. Hazlitt had this in his favour, that Howell's Letters-"Dispeace" "Cat-Gallas "-Bernard de Ventadour-Poems on Towns and Countries-Rev. John he had read Lowndes through, and probably Stittle-A Lancashire Cavalier-Anne Donne, the Mother of referred to his_pages on hundreds of occasions, Cowper, 148-The Curtain Theatre-Misuse of Words-Varia whereas Mr. Edwards thinks the perusal of -Algerine Corsairs-"Emblem as a Baptismal NameCitizen and Girdeller of London-Blood Relations-Fos-Lowndes almost madness. No cataloguer can broke's "British Monachism"-Clergy and Patrons-De Bry, the Engraver-Authors Wanted, 149. REPLIES:-The Wine of the Bible, 149-"Beef-eater," 151A Gormagon Medal: Gormagons: Freemasons-Sir Henry Hayes, 152-"Honourable "-Special Collections of Books, 153-Portraits of Charles II. and Cromwell-" Meguser George, Lord Rodney, 154-"The Lawyer's Fortune "American Dollar Mark-Sir David Owen-In Jesum cruci affixum": John Owen-Black Ink, 155-Parentage of Thomas Thomson, of Husborne-Crawley-"Town" meaning London -Words Wanted, 156-Gilbert White-Fawkes the Conjuror -Political and Literary Prevision-"On Tick," 157-0. Cromwell, Jun.-" White-stockinged Horses"-Scott FamilyUmbrellas-Massinger and De Musset-Old Song Book, 158 "Muscular Christianity"-Vails-Australian Aboriginals à Becket - Naturalization -The Townsend MSS.-John -Standing while Drinking-"Cos"-Authors Wanted, 159. Rates. BATH BIBLIOGRAPHY. Under this title Mr. C. P. Edwards is publishing, in the Bath Herald, a list of books on Bath. The interest I take in bibliographical works induced me to procure this newspaper, whilst the keener interest, if possible, which I feel in seeing catalogues well done has led me to send you this note. Unsettled as is, as yet, the meaning of the word "bibliography," I still think that when an author or compiler makes use of that word in his title we have a right to expect the most careful and tematic work. sys As that accurate and learned bibliographer, whose name I am pleased to have noticed in your columns lately, Mr. W. Prideaux Courtney, remarks, the literary history of Bath is full of interest. Mr. Edwards is to be congratulated on his choice of subject, and also that he has determined to confine himself within certain limits; for, as Mr. Trübner has observed (I forget where, as old Cobbett used to say), what is required in the present day is special bibliography. hope to do much who thinks anything of such a trifle as that. To read through Lowndes is but the work of a few evenings when you only desire to pick out the books on a particular subject. I have read through Allibone, and what must he have read? I have been through the Gentleman's Magazine in search of authors. I think I took as many as one hundred out of some volumes. I do not say this to show what a wonder I am, but simply to give my experience, because when people have a first idea of bibliography or biography they are very apt to think the road is a royal one. A few years' work gives them different notions. I well recollect the amused way Mr. Yeowell used to say that "Mr. had just told him he was going to write a biographical dictionary and wanted to know how he was to begin. As if the thing was to be done that way," said Y. ("Little Notes and Queries," we used to call him), who had collected upwards of twenty years with the same purpose. How glad would many be if they could only wipe out of existence their first attempts at bibliography "Pluck from the memory a rooted sorrow" -so that they might publish according to after experience. It is with these views that I am bold enough to list which I think he may be able to alter before say that I observe many things in Mr. Edwards's his work appears in book form. The method of publication he has adopted also shows his desire for hints. Therefore, although it may again savour of egotism, I will refer him to a note in 4th S. ix. Mr. Edwards's title-pages. Sometimes he appears 273. I observe no particular method or rule in to put the author's name in the title, at other times it is given somewhere else. Titles appear venture to think that the initials at the end of the to be altered or abbreviated without notice. I titles are of little value. For example, "W." means that the work catalogued is in some private "Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual is a work of im- collection, or "C. P. E." that a "plan," published mense research, is greatly sought after, and has never in 1875, is in the author's possession. Surely the been paralleled, much less improved upon. It was pub-majority of these books must be in the British lished in 1834, and consists of four thick octavo volumes Museum, and if not there at present, that splendid I am glad to say that Mr. Edwards's catalogue promises better than his preface led me to expect, for in it he expresses this rather remarkable opinion : |