Gauri, as Cansu, or Campson, is styled, may have been derived from lands held at Gaur in Bengál, and, if so, it seems probable that he will eventually prove to be the person, Cansu, the son of Droumila, whose history is referred to in the Pauránik legendary chronicles. R. R. W. ELLIS. Dawlish. If O. W. T. would look into the Celtic or Gaelic language, spoken at one time over all the West of Europe, he would find that ogres are personages in Celtic legend and tradition, of gigantic stature and anthropophagic taste, who devoured men, and, in preference, young virgins. The following extract from my forthcoming Gaelic Etymology of the Languages of Western Europe, and more especially of the English and Lowland Scotch, and their Slang, Cant, and Colloquial Dialects, will show the true source of a word that has puzzled and led astray all the philologists whom O. W. T. cites :Ogre.-A ravenous giant, in fairy tales, who devours children and young virgins. "It is probable that the term ogre is derived from Oegir, one of the giants of the Scandinavian mythology, though it has been alleged, with even more probability, that it has been derived from the Ogurs, or Onagurs, a desperate and savage Asiatic horde, who overran a part of Europe in the fifth century' (Worcester). highest order, resembles very much that of Aristotle which is placed over the fireplace in the hall of Queen's College, Oxford. The following epitaph is inscribed underneath :— IN MEMORY OF JOHN DAWSON OF SEDBERGH, BELOVED FOR HIS AMIABLE SIMPLICITY OF AND REVERED FOR HIS EXEMPLARY DISCHARGE The exact spot of his burial in the church does not seem to be known, though I saw the record of his interment in the register of Sedbergh. He had amongst his many pupils no less than eleven Senior Wranglers, and of these perhaps the most distinguished in after life were Butler, Head Master of Harrow, and John, commonly called Johnnie Bell, the eminent Chancery barrister, who died in 1836. The old story concerning the illegibility of Johnnie Bell's handwriting is so well known, that it need not be quoted here. Dent is some six miles distant from Sedbergh, and was the birthplace of Dawson's celebrated "The man-eating giant of fairy tales: Spanish ogro; French ogre; Italian orco, a surname of Pluto; by metaphor any chimera or imagined monster' (Wedg-pupil, Adam Sedgwick, in 1785. It is a little wood). "Gaelic.-Ochras, hunger; ochrach, hungry, ravenous; ocrasan, a glutton." Philologists, misled by Dr. Samuel Johnson, have almost wholly ignored the Celtic languages, and have looked everywhere for obscure derivations except to the one great language spoken by the British people before Roman, Saxon, or Dane ever set foot in these islands. CHARLES MACKAY. Reform Club. As to the origin of the word, M. Collin de Plancey, in the Dictionnaire Infernal, ou Bibliothèque Universelle, considers that M. C. Perrault, in his Discours Préliminaire sur les Fées, les Ogres, &c., has no doubt found it. They are the ferocious Huns or Hongrois of the middle ages, called Hunni-gours, Oigours, and by corruption Ogres. JOHN PARKIN. Idridgehay, Derby. JOHN DAWSON, OF SEDBERGH (5th S. v. 87, 135, 231, 419; vi. 316.)-During the autumn of last year a very pleasant visit was paid by me to Sedbergh and Dent, in the North Riding of Yorkshire, and in the old parish church of the former place I saw the monument of this celebrated self-taught mathematician. It is placed on the south side of the nave, between two of the arches, and is said to have been carved by the hand of Flaxman. The bust, with its fine intellectual head and strongly marked profile, betokening mental power of the town, retaining doubtless, even at the present day, much of its former primitive character, as it did eighty years ago, when he was spoken of there as "Adam o' th' Parson's." His father, be it observed, was the clergyman of the parish. Is Dent still famous for its lock-stitch in knitting, and are the Yorkshire luxuries of furmity, sweet butter, fat rascals, and fettle porter still discussed on festive occasions? In the north aisle of the church a plain tablet has been erected to the memory of the excellent professor, recording his baptism within its walls, and his interment in the chapel of Trinity College, Cambridge, the usual home of his long and useful life. will be recollected that the attempt to alter the Cowgill Church is further up Dent Dale. It name of it to Kirkthwaite roused the indignation of the excellent professor, and was the cause of his publishing the now scarce pamphlets, The Memorial and The Supplement. He carried his point, and the old, if not the more euphonious name, Cowgill, is now adhered to. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. MYTTON (NOT MYLTON), OF HALSTON, SHROPSHIRE (5th S. vii. 108.)—The Oswestry Advertizer of Feb., 1875, says :- Mr. John F. F. G. Mytton, son of the famous 'Jack "We regret to announce the death, at Nantwich, of Mytton, of Halston.' The deceased gentleman was for many years agent to Earl Kilmorey, and won the respect and esteem of all who knew him, as a straightforward and genial English gentleman....Mr. Mytton leaves a large family of children, all of whom are but of tender age." A. R. Jael"; "Con a miracle was in a former age sufficient evidence of a the Sins of Fathers upon Children"; nexion of Jael's Act with the Morality of her Age "Law of Retaliation"; "Law of Goël"; "The End the Test of a Progressive Revelation"; and (as bearing closely on the main subject)" a lecture given in a former course on St. Augustine's controversy with the ManiBLOOD RELATIONS (5th S. vii. 149.)-Surely cheans," and named here "The Manicheans and the blood relationship has nothing to do with dis-Jewish Fathers." A single extract from one of these tinctions of gender, but denotes a relation by lectures will show the line of argument taken in all :blood as distinguished from a relation by marriage "If, then, a certain class of divine commands, which were proved by miracles in one age of mankind, could not or adoption. If a grandfather, whether paternal be proved by the same evidence now, this must arise in or maternal, be not a blood relation, I do not know consequence of some difference in former ages and in what the term means. HERMENTRUDe. our own, in consequence of which such commands were suitable to an earlier period of the world, and not to a later, and were adapted for proof by miracles then, and are not adapted for that mode of proof now. If, e.g., divine command to destroy life, and now it is not, it must be that we are now possessed with a principle in such strong disagreement with homicide, that the alternative of the miracle being only permitted as a trial necessarily becomes more reasonable now than that of its being proof of a command; whereas this principle did not exist in equal force and strength in the mind of a former age, and therefore the miracle was taken in its more obvious meaning, as proof of a divine commandment. It must be, in short, that the command was accommodated to the age in which it was given, and was therefore adapted to be proved by miracle; whereas now such a command would be in opposition to a higher law and general enlightenment that would resist the authority of the miracle, which mode of proof would consequently be unfitted for it." We now leave this remarkable book to the perusal and consideration of our readers. The Temperance Bible Commentary; giving at One View PRIDEAUX FAMILY (5th S. vii. 129.)-In my researches for the memoir of the family of Prideaux, published in History of Trigg Minor, vol. ii. pp. 194-241, I was unable to discover anything to verify the tradition referred to by AJAX beyond the statement of Leland, who says : "There dwellith one Prideaux in Modburi, a Gentilman of an auncient stoke and fair landes, ontil, by chaunce, that one of his parentes killed a man; whereby one of the Courteneis, Erle of Devonshire, had Colum John and other landes of Prideaux." The gentleman to whom the tradition is attributed was Sir John Prideaux, who was Knight of the Shire for Devon in 1383 and 1386, and died in 1403. His mother was a daughter of Sir William Bigbury. The line of descent from the said Sir John to Robert Prideaux, who sold Orcharton to Sir John Hele, is given pp. 220-221 of the work referred to above. Bicknor Court, Coleford, Glouc. JOHN MACLEAN. Version, Criticism, and Exposition in regard to all Passages of Holy Writ bearing on "Wine" and "ENCYCLOPEDIA PERTHENSIS" (5th S. vii. "Strong Drink," or illustrating the Principles of the Temperance Reformation. By F. R. Lees, Ph.D., and 124.)-Among the books cited by F. W. F. in Dawson Burns, M.A. Fourth Edition. (Partridge.) which reference is made to the game of billiards, THOUGH we have decided to close the discussion on the I observe a second edition of the Encyclopædia wine of the Bible, we are glad to have the opportunity Perthensis, printed at Edinburgh in 1816. This of saying that those of our readers who desire to see it edition I never saw; but the first edition was pub-explored, in all its ramifications, may consult the above lished here in 1806 by my eldest brother, in in 1868, one in 1872, and the fourth just published is a Temperance Bible Commentary. Two editions were issued twenty-six royal 8vo. vols., he dying the same proof of the interest taken in the subject and the moveyear, in the twenty-sixth year of his life. A work ment. of such magnitude to have been printed and pub-On Certain Foreign Bodies embedded in the Tissues withlished (and in part edited) by so young a man, in a provincial town of no great size, is, I may venture to say, not very common; nor is it of every day occurrence that a younger brother of his, who remembers him very well, should survive him more than seventy years and be able to send the present communication. JAMES MORISON. Perth. out Producing Inflammatory Symptoms, with Remarks The Nineteenth Century. A Monthly Review. Edited Ralston is at the best of his story-telling. Sir John Lubbock and Mr. Grant Duff treat of political matters. Mr. Matthew Arnold contributes a "character" of Falkland. The Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol and the Rev. Baldwin Brown have essays-the first on the present and future of the Church of England. the second on the question, "Is the Pulpit losing its Power?" The latter deals in part with the knowledge of what is yet unknowable, and in another groove Prof. Croom Robertson tells us how we come by such knowledge as we have. Finally, Mr. Gladstone has for subject," On the Influence of Authority in Matters of Opinion," and Cardinal Manning offers (part i.) "The True Story of the Vatican Council." In the word "true" there is an implied censure of the story as it has been hitherto told-indeed, quite as much is avowed; but the venerable writer announces that it is not his intention to notice any of the stories hitherto told of the Council. "My purpose is," he says, "to narrate the history of the Council, simply and without controversy, from authentic sources.' There is enough told in this first part to pique curiosity as to what may next be revealed by the distinguished writer. The Cambridge Tatler. No. I. (Cambridge, Johnson.) YOUNG Cambridge has started a new periodical under an old and honoured name. The editor takes high ground by the assumption of such a title, and will have to remember that the ghost of Isaac Bickerstaff, who started as the Tatler a hundred and sixty-eight years ago, will be curiously looking at him from whatever point of view ghosts are permitted to take. This first number, how ever, promises to be worthy of that by which it calls itself. It is partly a newspaper, in part a magazine, and we are sure that far-off old members of the university will be glad to know what some of the clever young fellows there are doing and are thinking of. We borrow one item from the news paragraphs: "Our latest Senior Wrangler has gracefully retired, his blushing honours thick upon him,' to take upon himself the mathematical education of a certain section of the young gentlemen at Harrow." May good fortune attend the Cambridge Tatler! Nomen, omen. Temple Bar has, among other good things, a thoroughly readable article on "Molière and his World." One anecdote related in it, in which Louis XIV. invites the poet to his table, as a censure to royal officers who had declined to eat with a player, is told on the authority of Madame Campan. It has, however, been demolished over and over again, but it is a great pity that it is not true. Madame Campan, little more than half a century ago, was the first to tell it. The artists, Ingres and Gérome, illustrated it; but the text of St. Simon witnesses against it: "Ailleurs qu'à l'armée le roi n'a jamais mangé avec aucun homme, en quelque cas que ç'ait été." THE Cornhill Magazine has an article on "The Gossip of History," which shows how many things worth the telling are by historians left untold, or are, by readers, soon forgotten. Let us add that the admirers of Fielding will lay out time to good purpose by giving a halfhour to " Hours in a Library-Fielding's Novels." A pleasant paper on "Chaucer's Love Poetry" opens with the pleasant remark: "Whenever Chaucer is spoken of, every English face within sight brightens"; and this is preceded by as graceful a poem as Mr. Alfred Austin has yet written, in four verses, entitled "Sweet Love is Dead." It serves as a sweet symphony to the work on the older poet's love poetry. cent Expostulation, several instances in which he denies the Papal infallibility. But PAROCHUS will not find an absolute denial of the doctrine by which the Pontiff is placed on an equality with the Creator." First, neither Dr. Newman nor any other Catholic denies the Papal infallibility. What Dr. Newman wrote was to show that the Papal infallibility has a precise, definite, and, so to say, technical meaning, and does not mean what Mr. Gladstone said, or anything like it. Just as (to use an illustration which the illustrious Oratorian has himself made use of), if I heard Prince Gortschákof say that Englishmen were held to believe the Queen impeccable, I should not " deny" the maxim that "the Queen can do no wrong if I explained that it did not mean personal sinlessness, but ministerial responsibility: so, when Dr. Newman explains the doctrine of the Papal infallibility as not meaning a universal certainty about all things that are or may be, he does not deny the true doctrine, but only Mr. Gladstone's doctrine on the subject. But the next sentence is the astounding one. Why, sir, PAROCHUS will not find an "absolute denial of the 66 doctrine" that the moon is made of green cheese, or that which doctrines, nevertheless, are, I will be bound to say, two and two make five, in Dr. Newman's letter, both of far more reasonable, and by consequence far nearer to Dr. Newman's approval, than that by which the Pontiff is placed on an equality with the Creator." Certainly neither Dr. Newman nor any man in his senses could think of "denying absolutely" such a doctrine, for held or put it forward. The definition of the Pope's inthe simple reason that no sane person ever could have fallibility is as follows:-"When he speaks ex cathedrâ, that is, when discharging his duty as pastor and doctor of all Christians, in virtue of his supreme apostolic authority, he defines a doctrine concerning faith or morals to be held by the universal Church, by a divine assistance which the divine Redeemer was pleased to bestow on his promised to him in Peter, he possesses that infallibility morals" (Conc. Vat. 1st Const. Dogm.). Thus the Pope Church for the defining of doctrine concerning faith or is to be aided by God's Holy Spirit, so that under given circumstances and conditions he is protected from error in defining what is the true doctrine and what the false in faith and morals. It is not even inspiration, such as apostles, or prophets, or the chief priest of the old law, are believed by all Christians to have enjoyed, nor any power of revealing new truth, but merely a negative assistance preserving him in his official capacity from livered once for all to the saints," which is thus error in declaring that which has been already "deascribed to Peter and his successors. Certainly, if our Lord's own words (Mat. xvi. 18, Luke xxii. 32, John xxi. 15)-if this doctrine-makes the Pope "equal to the Creator," the apostles and prophets were certainly greater than the Creator by parity of reasoning-or of unreason. I request you to give the same publicity to this statement that you have done to the calumny of Dr. Newman and of Catholic doctrine; and I enclose my card as a guarantee of authenticity. J. L. P. SAMUEL PATRICK (ante, p. 160.)-In saying that when the rev. sub-preceptor at the Charterhouse published his edition of the Colloquies of Erasmus he "was not yet a bishop," this was strictly true. But it is also true that Samuel never became a bishop. The Patrick who was raised to that dignity was of earlier da te, and his Christian name was Simon. Concerning him our esteemed correspondent, MR. EDWARD PEACOCK, writes: "Simon Patrick became Dean of Peterborough in 1679, Bishop of Chichester in 1689, Bishop of Ely in 1691, and died May 31, 1707. His autobiography was published by Parker, of Oxford, in 1839. A pedigree of the family may be seen in the Proceedings of the Lincolnshire Architectural Soc. for 1866, p. 274." Simon Patrick's learned brother, John Patrick, D.D., died in 1695, and lies buried in the Charterhouse chapel, where he was preacher. Samuel Fatrick, if related to the above we know not, died in 1748. This date is given by Allibone, who, under the name "David Watson," registers the fourth edition of Watson's prose translation of Horace as issued in 1760, revised by Samuel Patrick, with reference, under Patrick's name, to "Watson, David." Of Samuel Patrick's edition (or revision of earlier editions) of the Colloquies Allibone makes no entry. The one we possess, of 1773, is partly founded on an Irish edition of the Colloquies: His...accedunt omnes notæ quæ Dublini- | ensi editioni inseruntur." DODD, the gentleman-like actor of fops who were also gentlemen, left a library which indicated the refinement of his taste. After his death his books were sold. The following account of one portion of the sale we take from the Sun of Saturday, Jan. 28, 1797 :— "Yesterday some of the single Plays of Shakspeare, the property of the late Mr. Dodd, were sold by Messrs. Leigh and Southeby, at the following prices : The 2d Part of Henry IV. printed by Andrew Wise and William Aspley, 1600... The Midsummer Night's Dream King John, printed by Valentine Sims for Helme, 1611 18 £ 8. 3 1 1 13 1 0 Richard III. printed by Purfoot and Law, 1621 There are two questions the Editor of "N. & Q." will now venture to ask. Who and what was Dodd's father, and what was the maiden name of his wife? Their eldest son, the Rev. J. W. Dodd, was born at Edmonsbury, in Suffolk. The lady died young. JOHN WILKS THE YOUNGER (5th S. vii. 180.)-He was son of John Wilks, M.P. for Boston, a famous book collector, the youngest son of the Rev. Matthew Wilks, a popular Methodist preacher in London. Young John Wilks was a speculative solicitor during the mania of 1825, and M.P. for Sudbury. I was as a child in the same house with him when he compiled the History of Queen Caroline. H. C. AT Messrs. Puttick & Simpson's sale-rooms, on Tuesday, Wm. Blake's Jerusalem: the Emanation of the Giant Albion, 1804, 100 engraved plates, produced 1007. In 1854, a copy of the same work realized 41. 16s. only. Notices to Correspondents. ON all communications should be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. JULIANA L.-Your two lines are much misquoted. Below is the stanza complete. It is from St. Peter's Complaint, by Father Southwell, S.J. (1561-1595), one among the sweetest and quaintest of English poets:"Sleep, Death's ally, oblivion of tears, Silence of passions, balm of angry sore, Suspense of loves, security of fears, Wrath's lenity, heart's ease, storm's calmest shore; Senses' and souls' reprieval from all cumbers, Benumbing sense of ill with quiet slumbers." We take this from the late Mr. Turnbull's edition of Southwell (1856), and we add a curious fact connected with the volume. Mr. Turnbull (Memoir, xxxvi) alludes 66 to Mr. Park's denial of The Christian's Manna being Southwell's. "On this point," he says, "I am neither able myself to form an opinion nor give others an opportunity for doing so, since, in spite of every effort, I have been unable to find a copy of the edition "-of 1620, to which the poem was annexed. Yet this very poem, The Blessed Sacrament of the under the new title of Altar," is at p. 157 of Mr. Turnbull's edition. ENQUIRER.-See Mr. W. C. Cartwright's The Jesuits, their Constitution and Teaching, p. 181. Father Gury is there quoted as disapproving, "speaking generally," of servants appropriating "clandestine compensation," that is, robbing their employers. Among the exceptions to the general rule of prohibition is, according to Mr. Cartwright, "the case of servants who have contracted for inadequate wages, under physical constraint, or moral fear, or the strain of necessity, or who are conscious of being overweighted with labour, all such being declared to be entitled to help themselves to what they deem their rightful due, for, says the Divine Law, the labourer is worthy of his hire.' See the case of Jean D'Albe in Pascal's Provincial Letters. R. O. F. (Dover.)-There is a very interesting account of the work carried on by the brethren of the order of "Nostre Dame de la Mercy" for the redemption of French slaves in Morocco in the years 1704, 1708, and 1712. The author, one of the brethren, is no further designated than by the initial F-. The volume (Paris, Coustelier, 1724, 438 pages) would, no doubt, be called scarce," but a book-hunter may come upon it in one of the "cheap boxes" at the doors of dealers in old books. The Ed. picked one out of such a receptacle, which bore the words, "All in this box, twopence"! 66 B-N.-"The Captain is a bold man" was once a very popular phrase. It is to be found in the Beggars' Opera, where Peachum applies it to Captain Macheath. Isis. The reply referred to was chosen because it had a correct reference, and contained all the information required in small space. F. R. D. We have no remembrance of having received, nor have we yet been able to find, the articles named. We shall be glad to receive the article on the crypt in question. RIVUS. No. 1. An old joke against various acute people; No. 2. The derivation is correct; No. 3. See Walpole's Letters. A. H.-Any Handbook of Scotland will supply the information. J. W.-"When Greeks," &c., see Lee's Alexander the Great. The query has been repeatedly answered. A STUDENT himself describes the best sort of commonplace book. M. A. K.-Totally unknown, and likely to remain so. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries '"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 17, 877. CONTENTS. - N° 168. NOTES:-Cheapside in Old and Modern Days, 201-The "Deuce," 202-Byron's "English Bards and Scotch Re viewers," 203-Sir Francis Chantrey-Chaucer, "Prologue," 204-Tennyson's "To the Queen"-Bulwer: a Literary Prediction-Epitaphs, 205-Change of Surname without Patent -A Strange Descent-Unusual Christian Names-St. David's Day Custom, 206. QUERIES:-Dr. Alex. Tilloch, 206-Creation of Matter"A charm of birds "-Mammalia-Silver Coin-Richard 7. Education also has prospered in Cheapside. The noble institution of Dean Colet abutted on its western end, and after a useful and illustrious career of three centuries is still there. And, moreover, in later times the City of London School, looking on Cheapside, has been founded on an ancient endowment, with the view of extending education more widely, and even of rivalling the distinguished men that its older neighbour has turned out. 8. Heine, the accomplished poet and lyricist, should have almost worshipped Cheapside as the holy ground on which many poets were born and lived. But of course he knew nothing of Herrick, the sweet poet, whose best verses were, doubtless, written in Devonshire, but whose heart and mind were of Cheapside Topcliffe, the Pursuivant-Thomas Nash, 207-Wyttenbach -Place Names-"Meanor "-" Kemb "-"Ely Farthings "It's a far cry to Loch Awe"-"A fine day-Exhibition of Works by Ancient Masters, 1876-The Works of Thomas Fitzherbert-Fynmore Family-Carpenter-Meyer Schomberg, M.D.-Dryden-" Philistine," 208-Authors, of Books Wanted-Authors of Quotations Wanted, 209. REPLIES:-"Hospitium," 203-An Invocation to Lindley Murray, 210-Howell's Letters, 211-Billericay-St. Peter's Wife and Daughter-"Inmate "-Rev. Robert Taylor, 212"The golden Cheapside, where the earth "Carpet knight": "Nine days' wonder "-Inadequate Of Julian Herrick gave to me my birth." Powers of Portraiture-"Over the hills and far away," 213 In Cheapside lived John Keats. Here his early, -Curious Anagrams-" The Book-Hunter"-" Dispeace ". Richborough Castle -"Infants in hell but a span long' and some of his best, poems were composed. True, Gambadoes. 214-Emblem-"Herb John "-Halévy-Em-he complains in one of them that the coy Muse blems on Tombstones-Anne Donne, Mother of Cowper, with him "would not live in this dark city." Still, 215-" Wemble "-The Norman Cross Hospital-The Devil overlooking Lincoln, 216-Sir Thos. Remington, of Lund-she was not so coy as to prevent her from inspiring Coleridge: Fulton Priestley-"Think to it"-"W" and him there with that pearl of sonnets, "Glory and tor Fend?)-Inn Signs by Eminent Artists, 218-Heraldic- loveliness have passed away." Doubtless your Unravelling Gold Thread Work-Keats: "The two and readers can, many of them, out of their store thirty palaces"-Authors Wanted, 219. of information, cite other poets who have lived Notes on Books, &c. in Cheapside. At this moment I can call to mind the name of one who lived there in the seventeenth century, Sir Richard Blackmore, rather a bygone celebrity, but whose works were important enough in their day to excite the praise of Addison and and of Johnson. "V," 217-Nottingham -The Christian Name Cecil-Fen Notes. CHEAPSIDE IN OLD AND MODERN DAYS. (Concluded from p. 182.) 5. Then, again, there was situate in Cheapside the King's Head Tavern, where King Henry VIII. went incognito, in the Caliph Haroun Alraschid fashion, on the eve of St. John, 1510, to see the setting of the City watch, and which pleased the merry monarch so well that, on the next St. Peter's Eve, he brought his then queen, with the Infanta of Spain and other royal and noble company, to see the sight. And, as the ingenious and talented author, Jacob H. Burn, truly remarks: "What a magnificent subject for a painting; costume, period, history, and every point affording opportunity for the effulgence of artistic power!" 6. Nor was science neglected in Cheapside. The Royal Society itself grew out of meetings at a tavern there, the Bull's Head, before its members found a home at Gresham College, so that the first "luciferous experiments" (to use the term of its citizen member, John Graunt) were made immediately under the clang of Bow bells. The nerves of our ancient City savants were more proof, perhaps, against the disturbing influence of sound than were those of my respected friend, the late Charles Babbage, whose feuds with the organgrinders are so naïvely described in his Passages from the Life of a Philosopher, London, 1864, chapter on "Street Nuisances." 9. Nor have architectural ornament and display ever been neglected in Cheapside. The history of one of its buildings, the great Eleanor Cross, which finally disappeared when a regicide was Mayor, is full of interest, poetical as well as historical; and so is that of the Standard in the same street, where Wat Tyler's beheadings took place, and Jack Cade's execution of Lord Say. The great Fire of London did not mar the appearance of Cheapside, as its houses and churches were erected with greater splendour. A majority of the houses have indeed been re-erected with improved luxury of adornment and taste in the lifetime of the present generation; and statues which mark the gratitude of the City to a renowned statesman and a renowned warrior are to be seen from each end of the street. But when Heine wrote it had many of the same architectural features as at present; and at least there was something of the ideal for him to admire in the elegant steeple of Bow Church, 225 feet high, one of Wren's masterpieces, and built on the remains of a Roman causeway. The great gilded dragon on the summit of this steeple has before now received a poet's notice. A poem of considerable length is now before entitled me, แ "Ecclesia et Factio. A Dialogue between Bow Steeple Dragon and the |