Writing: Its Evolution and Relation to Speech

abstract According adapted alphabet analysis animals appears attempts Aurignacian believe Bochum century Chinese claimed communication concepts consists consonantal alphabet consonants context Coulmas cultural dated direction Diringer distinct earliest early Egyptian elements English evidence evolution of writing evolutionary evolved existence expression fact figures Friedrich 1966 function further Gelb graphemes graphic Greek groups Haarmann 1990a Homo human important indicate known Koch Kuckenburg 1989 least Leroi-Gourhan less Linear lines linguistic marks means nature notation objects origin particular phonemes pictographic possible postulated present principle probably prototypically record refer relation represent representation Sampson sapiens scholars scripts Semitic sensu stricto signs similar sound speech spoken spoken language stage structure style Sumerian syllabary syllables symbols term texts theory third tion tokens tradition units Upper Palaeolithic iconography various vowels writing sensu writing system written language