Toward the French Revolution: Europe and America in the Eighteenth-century World

alliance American Revolution army Austria became become Bonaparte Britain British church civil Classical clergy colo colonies colonists commerce Congress contemporary court crown culture Declaration developed Dutch East India economic eighteenth century empire England English enlightened despots estates Europe European farmers forces France Franklin Frederick French Revolution George German Habsburg History Holy Roman Empire important independence India industry influence institutions Intolerable Acts Jesuits king land less liberty literary London Louis XIV Maria Theresa ment mercantilist merchants middle class military minister monarchs Montesquieu moral mother country natural Nevertheless nobility Old Regime overseas parlements Parliament peace peasant philosophes Poland political popular port Press privileges problems provinces Prussia reform religious revolutionary royal rulers seventeenth century social sometimes Spain Spanish struggle Sturm und Drang success taxes Third Estate tion trade tradition Treaty Treaty of Utrecht University Voltaire West Indies western York