356, xi. 102; 4th Ser., xi. 130, 178, 202, 243, 387, 425, 465, 512, xii. 33, 69, 81; and Nos. LIV., LVIII., LXIV., LXXXVII.

George III., King of England.

"Ma'am Serres condemns all aspirers to pot That prate of a Junius, since Uncle Wilmot Ranks scribe of cach letter she dares pledge her word,

As sure as not one came from King George the Third."

See Ireland's poem, "Scribbleomania," p. 308, for a curious note on this subject.

Gibbon, Edward. b. 1737; d. 1794.

This claimant, beyond holding a position, does not seem to have distinguished himself to any extent in the politics of his day, his mind being too absorbed in the great task which has made him famous. See Nos. LII., LIV.

Glover, Richard. b. 1712; d. 1785. Johnston declares that he has no faith in the claim of Glover, although his advocates, as corroborative facts, assert that he wore a bag, with his wig accurately dressed, and carried a small cocked hat under his arm, before the year 1776, and in this costume constantly walked, in fine weather, from his house in St. James Street, in Westminster, into the city"; this fact being brought forward in proof of his being identical with the "tall gentleman" who threw the letter into Mr. Woodfall's office in Ivy Lane.

Wraxall, in his "Memoirs of his own Time," 1836, ii. 97, states that Glover's son assured him that he had not the least reason to suppose or to believe that his father composed the letters of Junius." See Nos. XLI., XLII.

Grattan, Henry. b. 1750; d. 1820. Grattan's claims were advocated by R. Perry in 1831; in the 1806 edition of the "Letters,' published by Almon, the compiler says that it was supposed by some that Grattan and Maclean were the joint authors. Mr. Almon addressed a letter of inquiry to the Irish patriot, which evoked the following reply:

SIR,I frankly assure you that I know nothing of Junius, except that I am not the author. When Junius began I was a boy, and knew nothing of politics, or the persons concerned in them. I am, Sir, not Junius, but your very good wisher and obedient servant,

Dublin, Nov. 4, 1805. H. GRATTAN.
Greatrakes, William.

1781.

b. 1729; d.

This claimant is brought forward in the "Gent. Mag." for December, 1813, lxxxiii. 547; in Coventry's "Critical Enquiry," No. LXI.; and in Wraxall's "Memoirs."

Greatrakes, a native of Ireland, died suddenly at Hungerford, on his way from Bristol to London, and was buried there, with the words "stat nominis umbra" inscribed on his tombstone. As this motto figures on the "Junius" title-page, it is easy to imagine how he comes to be classed among the claimants. Britton undertakes to prove that Greatrakes was the amanuensis employed by Junius to copy his letters for the "Public Advertiser"; "but it ought first to be shown," says Wade, "that Junius employed an amanuensis. If he did, and Greatrakes was his penman, it could hardly give him a claim to the motto of his principal. That was a distinction, which, if it has any significance, could be applicable only to the shadow of a shade that wrote the letters, not the copyist of them."

Grenville, George. b. 1712; d. 1770.

The prime-minister died before the letters were discontinued, hence but little attention necd be paid to his claims.

Grenville, James. d. 1783.

He was the brother of the preceding, and Lord of the Treasury. Although he has been accused of the authorship, he himself established no claims to the honor.

Hamilton, William Gerard. b. 1729; d. 1796.

This claimant is mentioned in Dr. Good's essay; and a letter in the "Public Advertiser" of Nov. 30, 1771, is addressed to William Junius Singlespeech, Esq. Fox said, that, although he would not back Hamilton against the field, he would back him against any single claimant; and Wraxall declares, that, "throughout the various companies in which, from 1775 down to the present time, I have heard this mysterious question agitated, the great majority concurred in giving to Hamilton the merit of composing the 'Letters' under examination." Mrs. Piozzi and Samuel Johnson were both inclined to believe in his claims.

The only reason that appears for these letters ever having been attributed to Hamilton was that he happened to be aware of the context of a letter which did not make its appearance until the following day. (For a full account of this curious story, the reader is referred to "Notes and Queries," 2d Ser., vi. 44.)

The arguments against him are four in number, and very conclusive:

1. He was Chancellor of the Exchequer in Ireland from September, 1769, to April, 1704, the period when all the letters appeared.

2. When questioned on the subject, by Earl Temple, he positively denied the authorship. See Dr. Good's Essay," p. 56.

3. Woodfall declared that neither Burke nor Hamilton were responsible for the Letters.

4. Hamilton again distinctly denied the authorship, just before his death, when questioned by a member of the House of Commons.

Hollis, James.

He is referred to, as a claimant, by Wade and Allibone.

Hollis, Thomas. b. 1720; d. 1774. Alluded to in Coventry's "Critical Enquiry," No. LXI.

Jackson, Sir George, Secretary of the Admiralty.

For an account of the claims advanced in his favor, see "Notes and Queries," 1st Ser., i. 172, 276, 322.

Jones, Sir William. b. 1746; d. 1794. Mentioned, as a claimant, by Coventry and

Wade.

Kent, John. d. 1773.

"

Kent wished to pass for Junius; but, according to Almon, he was only a newspaper editor, at a small weekly salary. See the "Letter dated July 21, 1769, in which Junius refers to this personage.

Lee, Maj. Gen. Charles. b. 1731; d. 1782.

In 1803, Gen. Lee is said to have acknowl edged himself the author. If the reader is desirous of seeing some curious evidence against the claimant, he is referred to Wade, i. 61-67.

While Girdlestone (Nos. XXXIII. and xxxvII.) as effectively espoused his claims.

Lloyd, Charles. d. 1773.

Lloyd was the private secretary to George Grenville, and among those who believed in his claims was Dr. Parr. It must not, however, be forgotten, that this claimant died, an old man, just after the letters had ceased, which fact is scarcely in harmony with the spirit they exhibit. See the interesting book by Mr. Barker, Nos. LXIII., LXIV.; also Jaques' work, 147-171, No.

Maclean, Laughlin. b. 1727; d. 1777.

This claimant had been under-secretary of state during Lord Shelburne's possession of the office for the southern department. (See Junius' " Letter," of date March 6, 1771.) During the years 1769 and 1770, when Junius was most active, Mr. Maclean "was absorbed in his own pecuniary difficulties consequent on gambling in India stock"; and in 1772 he was acting as collector in the city of Philadelphia in this country, while the "Letters" were still appearing in England. See Galt, "Life of West.' mon, in 1806, thought that he was a joint-author with Grattan. Twenty-two arguments have been published in favor of Maclean, in " Waldie's (P.) Library," edited by John Jay Smith. See also "Notes and Queries," 2d Ser., vii. 310.

Marshall, Rev. Edmund.

Al

d. 1797.

Chatham could not very well have been Junius, as the latter was very anxious to obtain duplicate proofs from the printer to forward to Pitt (see the "Chatham Papers," p. 52), and the celebrated letter to Lord Mansfield, it is well known, was sent to Chatham some days before it was printed. Moreover, Pitt, "though most effective in oratory, was careless in literary composition; inexact, loose, and repetitionary: very unlike Junius, who not only polished his public letters to the highest finish, but never let the most brief or trivial private note escape him unmarked by the hand of a master." See also "Notes and Queries," 3d Ser., viii. 356, 440, and Nos. XXXIV., LXX., LXXI., LXXIII., LXXXV.

Portland, William, Duke of. b. 1738; d. 1809.

See Mr. Johnston's work, No. XLVII., in which the author argues that the principal object of the "Letters" was the restoration of the estate of the Duke of Portland, part of which had been taken from him in 1767 and granted to Sir James

more.

Upon the authority of Gerard Hamilton, it is related by Almon that Rosenhagen endeavored to obtain a pension from Lord North, by stipulating that Junius (he himself) should write no But there is no similarity in the handwriting of this claimant to that of Junius, and, moreover, Rosenhagen being of foreign extraction, could hardly be master of the idiomatic phraseology that Junius had at his command. See also "Notes and Queries," 3d Ser., v. 16.

Sackville, George, Viscount. 1716; d. 1785.

b.

Dr. Good, in his preliminary essay to Woodfall's edition of 1812, states that "Sir William Draper divided his suspicions between this nobleman and Mr. Burke, and upon the personal and unequivocal denial of the latter, he transferred them entirely to the former: and that Sir William was not the only person who suspected his lordship even from the first, is evident from the private letter of Junius, which asserts that Swinney had actually called upon Lord Sackville and taxed him with being Junius, to his face. (See Private Letter, 5.)

Sackville on one occasion observed to a friend, "I should be proud to be capable of writing as Junius has done; but there are many passages in his letters I should be very sorry to have writ ten." His lordship, moreover, was afterward created Lord George Germaine, a favorite of George III., and unlikely to be his accuser. also Chalmers, "Appendix to the Supplemental Apology," p. 7 (No. xxx); Wraxall, Memoirs of his own Time," ii. 90; and Nos. LXI., LXVI.,

LXXV.

See

Shelburne, Earl of, Marquis of Lansdowne. d. 1804.

He disclaimed the distinction, only a week before his death, on being personally applied to on the subject of Junius by the late Sir Richard Phillips. WADE.

See also Barré and Dunning, ante.

Stanhope, Philip Dormer, Earl of Chesterfield. b. 1695; d. 1772.

Chesterfield was over seventy years of age when the Letters appeared, and Mr. Dilke, in the "Papers of a Critic," ii., states that he wrote to the Bishop of Waterford,-"I am prodigiously old, and every month of the calendar adds at least a year to my age. My hand trembles to that degree that I can hardly hold my pen. My understanding stutters and my memory fumbles."

See Nos. LV., LXXIX., LXXX.

Suett, Richard. d. 1805.

See No. LIII. A work described as "a clumsy display of wit and learning; the former consisting of stale anecdotes and ill-put jokes; the latter of looked for quotations. To justify his

The third volume of the "Grenville Papers," edited by William J. Smith (L. 1852), contains a discussion on the authenticity of the Junius Letters, with specimens of the handwriting of Richard Grenville, Lord Temple, et al., assuming the latter to be Junius, and his wife the amanuensis.

Mr. Wade very justly observes that "Earl Temple was not reputed by a discerning judge to be a writer of competent power to wing the shafts of Junius... Temple was an active politician, a Peer of Parliament, and brother-in-law of Lord Chatham, and had no need of the Pub. lic Advertiser' to circulate his opinions." See No. LXIX.

Tooke, John Horne. 1812.

b. 1736; d.

In the "Memoirs of John Horne Tooke," ii. 358, I find it stated that he always appeared much perturbed when the subject of Junius was introduced. He was once asked if he knew the author, and crossing his knife and fork on his plate and assuming a stern look, he answered, "I do." "After this," says Mr. Stephen, "his manner, tone, and attitude were all too formida ble to admit of any further interrogatories." See Nos. VIII., XXVIII., XLIII., XLIV., LXV., LXVII.

Walpole, Horatio, Earl of Orford. b. 1717; d. 1797.

Coventry has thoroughly exploded any claims which this personage may have been invested with. See Wilke's "Papers of a Critic," ii. 158. Wedderburn, Alexander. Lord Loughborough. b. 1733; d. 1805.

Lord Holland, in his "Memoirs of the Whig Party," remarks that George III. always regarded Lord Loughborough as Junius. I be. lieve that Lord Holland adds that King William IV. was his informant.

Lord Campbell repudiates the notion of Wedderburn being Junius. Sir Nathaniel Wraxall, in his "Memoirs of his own Time" (ii. 97), states that "during many years of my life, notwithstanding the severity with which Wedderburn is treated by Junius,' I nourished a strong belief, approaching to conviction, that the late Earl of Rosslyn, then Mr. Wedderburn, was himself the author of these Letters, and that persons of credit had recognized the handwriting to be that of Mrs. Wedderburn, his first wife."

Wilkes, John. b. 1727; d. 1797.

It is said that a wag first propagated the report that Wilkes was Junius, in the columns of the "Gazetteer. He asserted that, while going over St. George's Fields, he picked up a piece of blotted MS., containing a portion of the last Junius Letter, which had been thrown out with the sweepings from King's Bench prison, where Wilkes was then a prisoner. A correspondent of the "Gent. Mag." (lix. 786) renewed the statement, but nothing in support of the hypoth esis has been produced.

John Mason Good, in his preliminary essay, remarks," that Wilkes is not the author must be clear to every one who will merely give a glance at either the public or the private letters. Wilkes could not have abused himself in the manner he is occasionally abused in the former;

nor would he have said in the latter (since there was no necessity for his so saying), 'I have been out of town for three weeks,' at a time when he was closely confined in the King's Bench." See Nos. VIII., XI.

Wilmot, James, D.D. b. 1726; d. 1807.

Wm. Beckford, the author of "Vathek," is said in a conversation in the "New Monthly Magazine," to have expressed his opinion that Wilmot was Junius, but he adduced no facts to prove his statement.

Probably the only other personage who believed in the claims of Wilmot was his niece, the celebrated Olivia Wilmot Serres, ci-devant Princess of Cumberland, and she was an impostor herself. See Nos. XXXIX., L.; the "Gent. Mag." for 1813 and 1814; and "Notes and Queries," 4th Ser., ii. 113.

Wray, Daniel. b. 1701; d. 1783.

Wray was Deputy Teller of the Exchequer by favor of the Hardwicke family. See Nichols' "Illustrations of Literary History"; "Notes and Queries," 2d Ser., ii. 164; and No. LXVIII.

III. The Bibliography of Junius.

When a title is preceded by an asterisk (*), it is to indicate that the work in question has been personally examined by me. Subsequent editions of the same work are omitted.

1. Fearne, Charles. -An Impartial answer to the Doctrine delivered in a Letter which appeared in the Public Advertiser under the signature of "Junius." L. 1769. 8vo.

II. The Political Contest, containing a Series of Letters between Junius and Sir Will. Draper: also the whole of Junius's Letters to his Grace the D*** of G****** [i.e., the Duke of Grafton], brought into one point of view. Newbery, s. a. but Aug. 1769.

8vo.

L.,

See also "Notes and Queries," 1st Ser., vi. 224, 239, 261, 285, 383.

III. The Political Contest, Part II.; being a Continuation of Junius' Letters from the 6th of July to the present Time.

Svo.

L., Newbery, s. a. but Sept. 1769.

IV. The Political Contest, containing all the Letters between Junius and Sir William Draper. Also the whole of Junius's Letters to the D*k*s of G*****n and B*****d [i.e., Bedford]. And his last Letter on the Rescue of a General Officer. Dublin, 1769. 8vo.

Lowndes states that this is called the third edition, and that it is probably a reprint of the second London edition.

v. A Collection of the Letters of Atticus, Lucius, Junius, and others. With observations and notes. L., Aimon, 1769. 8vo.

VI. [Same title.] New Edition, continued to the end of October, 1769. L., Almon, 1769. 8vo.

VII. [Same title.] New Edition, continued to the end of November, 1769. L., Alinon, 1769. 8vo.

VIII. Interesting Letters selected from the Correspondence of Messrs. Wilkes, Horne [Tooke], Beckford, and Junius. With anecdotes never before published. L., Nicholl, 1769. 8vo.

This is a small pamphlet of 64 pages, and a parody on the subject.

IX. A Vindication of the Dof G[.e. the Duke of Grafton], in Answer to a Letter signed "Junius" inserted in the "Public Advertiser" of Saturday, the 18th of March. L., Nicholl, 1769. 8vo.

x. Two Letters from Junius to the D of G— on the Sale of a Patent Place in the Customs at Exeter. Το which is added, a Letter from Junius, containing an Address supposed to have been made to a Great Personage. Taken from the "Public Advertiser." L. [no publisher's name], December, 1769. 8vo.

XI. An Address to Junius on his Letter in the "Public Advertiser," Dec. 19, 1769. L. [no publisher's name] 1769. 8vo.

A pamphlet, in which the letters are attributed to Wilkes. A second edition appeared in 1770.

XII. The Twelve Letters of Canana: on the impropriety of petitioning the King to dissolve the Parliament. L. [? a publisher's name] 1770. 8vo.

A pamphlet of 44 pages, and exceedingly
See also "Notes and Queries," 2d Ser.,

scarce.

vi. 44.

XIII. Two Remarkable Letters of Junius and the Freeholder, addressed to the K-[i.e. the King], with Answers and Strictures. L. [no publisher's name] 1770. 8vo.

A pamphlet entitled "The King's Answer to Junius" appeared in Philadelphia the following year.

XIV. Letters of Junius. Dublin [? a publisher's name], 1770. 8vo.

See

A volume of 108 pages, and evidently a reprint of Almon's collection of the early letters. V., VI., and VII., ante.

XV. A complete Collection of Junius's Letters, with those of Sir William Draper. L., A. Thomson, 1770. 8vo.

This publisher issued a second edition with the same title in March or April, 1770, which contained the letter of March 19th; a third edition in June, 1770, with the letters of April 3d and May 28th; and a fourth edition in August, 1770, which contained the letter of August 22d, addressed to Lord North.

XVI. Junius's Political Axioms, addressed to twelve millions of People in Great Britain and Ireland. L., V. Griffith, s. a. [? 1770]. 8vo.

XVII. The Letters of Junius. L. [no publisher's name] 1770. 12mo.

This is J. Wheble's original edition, but does not bear his name. There is a vignette Cap of Liberty on the title-page. This work served Junius as copy for his edition of 1772. It conIcludes with the Letter to Lord North, dated Aug. 22, 1770. The second edition appeared the same year, bore Wheble's name on page 247, and ended with the letter to Mansfield dated Nov. 14, 1770. The first portion of the second volume also appeared toward the end of 1770; and the second portion, the following year. Wheble published two editions dated 1771, which must have appeared after Woodfall's cdition; as the first of them concludes with the note about Horne Tooke, and the second contains the Philo-Junius Letters, and a letter to Lord Apsley dated February, 1775!!! See also XXII. et seq.

XVIII. Letters addressed to the King, the Duke of Grafton, the Earls of Chesterfield and Sandwich, Lord Barrington, Junius, and the Rev. Mr. Horne [Tooke], under the signature of "P. P. S." L. [? a publisher's name] 1771. 8vo.

XIX. *An Answer to Junius, shewing his imaginary Ideas and false Principles, his wrong Positions and random Conclusions. L., Organ, 1771. 8vo.

xx. The genuine Letters of Junius, to which are prefixed Anecdotes of the Author. Piccadilly [no publisher's

name], 1771. 8vo.

The first authorized edition, printed under the author's inspection; preceded by a dedication of 10 pages, a preface of 22, and illustrated with notes. It was published March 3, 1772, without table of contents or index, but was re-issued about March, 1773, with both. Many years afterwards, the remaining copies of either this edition or a verbatim reprint appear to have been sold off, and the date erased by the purchaser from the title-page; which accounts for a supposed edition without date.-LOWNDES.

Ewing, a Dublin publisher, issued a reprint of Woodfall's edition this same year, and added fourteen new letters, either written by, or replied to by Junius.

See also "Notes and Queries." 1st Ser., vi. 224, for a supposed edition of 1771.

XXII. The Letters of Junius. L., Wheble, 1772. 2 vols. 12mo.

[See XVII. ante.] The title-page of vol. 2 is struck off from the same copperplate, and “vol. 2" is introduced in type; and the MDCCLXXI. is turned into MDCCLXXII. by the addition of I., also in type. This edition, or at least the second volume of it, could not have been published until after January 21, 1772, as it contains the letter to Lord Camden. - LOWNDES.

Numerous editions of the Letters were pub lished during the succeeding twenty years, none of which call for any special notice.

XXIII. The Rights of the Sailors vin

XXVII. Anecdotes of Junius: to which is prefixed the King's Reply. Southampton, Baker, 1788. 8vo.

These anecdotes are reprinted from the Piccadilly Edition of 1771.

XXVIII. Junius discovered. By P. T., Esq. L., Fores, s. a. but 1789. 8vo.

Written by Philip Thicknesse, and in favor of Tooke.

XXIX. *The Letters of Junius. A new edition with a copious index. L., Hamilton, 1792. 2 vols. 12mo.

The following editions also deserve passing mention:

Bensley's, L. 1794, 2 vols., 12mo.
Campbell's, P. 1795, 16mo.

Mundell's, L. 1796, 8vo.

Bensley's, L. 1797, 2 vols., 8vo. [A few on L. P.];

L. 1798, 2 vols., 12mo and 8vo; L. 1799, 2 vols., 8vo.

Vernor & Hood's, L. 1800, 2 vols., 18mo; L. 1804, 1 vol., 18mo; L. 1806, 2 vols., 12mo. Bensley's, L. 1801 and 1806, 2 vols., 8vo.

XXX. *Chalmers, George. - An Appendix to the Supplemental Apology. being the Documents for the Opinion that Hugh McAulay Boyd wrote Junius's Letters. L., 1800. 8vo.

XXXI. *The Letters of Junius, with Notes and Illustrations Historical, Political, Biographical, and Critical, by Robert Heron. L. 1802. 2 vols. 8vo.

An edition of this book was published in the same year, containing both volumes in one. A second edition, of two volumes, was published in 1804, containing 70 pages added to the preface of the first volume, and an appendix of 18 to the second. It was reprinted in Philadelphia and Boston the same year.

XXXII. * Almon, John. -The Letters of Junius Complete, with letters and articles to which he replied, and with notes biographical and explanatory; also a prefatory enquiry respecting the real author. L. 1806. 2 vols. 12mo.

The following editions appeared about this period:

Ballantyne's, Edinb. 1807, 8vo.
Oddy's, L. 1811, 2 vols., 12mo.
Goodwin's, L. 1812, 2 vols., 12mo.

XXXIII. [Girdlestone, Thomas.] Reasons for rejecting the presumptive Evidence of Mr. Almon, that Mr. Hugh Boyd was the writer of Junius; with Passages selected to prove the real Author of the Letters of Junius. L. 1808. 8vo.

In favor of Major-General Charles Lee, of the American army.

XXXIV. [Fitzgerald, Mr.] - Another Guess at Junius, and a Dialogue in the Shades. L. 1809. 8vo.

In favor of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham.

XXXV. *Draper, Sir W.- Letters to Junius. L. 1812. 8vo.

A defence of the Earl of Granby and General Gansell.

XXXVI. *The Letters of Junius, including Letters by the same Writer, under othor Signatures (now first collected). To which are added; his confidential Correspondence with Mr. Wilkes, and his private Letters addressed to H. S. Woodfall, with a preliminary Essay [by J. Mason Good, M.D.], Notes, etc. L., Woodfall, 1812. 3 vols. 8vo.

This edition was edited by George Woodfall; and copies are also found on Large Paper. It was reprinted in Philadelphia the following year, in two volumes, 8vo.