efforts of violent winds, and of enduring the heat of scorching suns. From Virginia to the extremity of Florida, the traveller often sees this species of oak standing by itself, and vigorous in a soil, where no other tree can exist. It is never injured by animals, and in all the houses situated in the low parts of both Carolinas and Georgia, the inhabitants look to it, to answer as a shelter for cattle during the winter, and to secure them from the intense heat of the summer. The leaves become very thick, and impenetrable to the rays of the sun the shade of a single tree often covers a space of thirty fathoms, or 180 feet; the fruit, always abundant, is less astringent than many of the species of oak. The savages of Florida procure from it an oil, which they mix with their food; and hogs, and many other animals likewise seek after the acorns. Its timber is of an excellent quality, and more esteemed than that of any other species of oak which grows in North America. In the south of the United States, it is employed with the greatest advantage for building ships, which last for a considerable length of time uninjured. It is generally cut the latter end of autumn, and is not made use of for three months afterwards. Michaux observes, that the soil of lower Carolina and Georgia being the same as the lands of Bordeaux, this maritime oak merits the attention of the French and Spanish governments, as afford ng ing the means of turning to good account the sandy lands, which border the Mediterranean and the ocean. The name of Bannister, the first author who knew this oak, can only be applied to it when in a younger state; for its leaves are entire when fully grown. It happens also very frequently, that when a branch happens to be cut or broken, at this last period, the shoots, which spring up afterwards, produce on the very first year sinuated and oblong leaves, as in the young trees. One may know this oak in the gardens of Europe, by its oblong and shining leaves, the petioli, or footstalks of the leaves, and the nerves of which are reddish. It is easily distinguished from the ever-green oak, (Quercus ilex of Linnæus) whose leaves are opaque, and of a dark colour, 7. QUERCUS PHELLOS. Linnæus. Quercus foliis lineari-lanceolatis, integerrimis, glabris, apice setaceo-acuminatis; junioribus dentatis aut lobatis; cupula scutellata; glande subrotunda. 1. QUERCUS PHELLOS, (sylvatica). Quercus foliis angusto-lanceolatis, utrinque acutis, deciduis. Tab. 12. Michaux, * Wangenheim, p. 76. t. 5, f. 11. Abbot's * Quercus Phellos, Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 4. 423. Spec. 1. Q. foliis deciduis lineari-lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis in tegerrimis |