Græcæ Versioni Lectionibus Codicis Vaticani; notis philologicis et exegeticis aliis, ut et summariis capitum ac locis parallelis locupletissimis ornata. Accurante M. Christ. REINECCIO. Lipsiæ, 1750. 3 vols. folio.

The comparative cheapness of this neatly and accurately printed work rendered it, before the publication of Mr. Bagster's Polyglott, a valuable substitute for the preceding larger Polyglotts. Dr. A. Clarke, who states that he has read over the whole of the Hebrew and Chaldee text, with the exception of part of the Pentateuch, pronounces it to be one of the

most correct extant.

6. Biblia Sacra Polyglotta, Textus Archetypos, Versionesque præcipuas, ab Ecclesiâ antiquitùs receptas complectentia. Accedunt Prolegomena in eorundem crisin literalem, auctore Samuel LEE, S.T.B... ... Linguæ Hebrææ apud Cantabrigienses Professore Regio. Londini, 1831. 4to. et folio.

The great rarity and consequent high price of all former Polyglotts, which render them for the most part inaccessible to biblical students, induced the publisher, Mr. Bagster, to undertake these beautiful Polyglott editions of the Holy Scriptures. The quarto edition contains the original Hebrew Text of the Old Testament, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Septuagint Greek version of the Old Testament, the Vulgate Latin, and the authorised English version of the entire Bible; the original Greek text of the New Testament; and the venerable Peschito or Old Syriac version of it. The folio edition, besides these languages, contains entire translations of the Bible, in the following modern languages, viz. the Ger. man, by Dr. Martin Luther; the Italian, by Giovanni Diodati; the French, by J. F. Ostervald; and the Spanish, (from the Romish Latin Vulgate) by Padre Scio. These are so disposed as to exhibit eight languages at once, on opening the volume, the press work of which is singularly beautiful. The pointed Hebrew text is printed from the celebrated edition of Vander Hooght, noticed in No. 5. p. 6. supra. The Samaritan Pentateuch is taken from Dr. Kennicott's edition of the Hebrew Bible, and is added by way of Appendix. The Septuagint is printed from Bos's edition of the Vatican text; and at the end of the Old Testament there are given the various readings of the Hebrew and Samaritan Pentateuchs, together with the masoretic notes termed Keri and Ketib, the various lections of the Alexandrian MS. as edited by Dr. Grabe, and the apocryphal chapters of the book of Esther. The Greek text is printed from Mill's edition of the Textus Receptus, with the whole of the important readings given by Griesbach in his edition of 1805, (No. 30. pp. 23, 24. supra); the Peschito or Old Syriac version, from Widmanstadts' edition published at Vienna in 1555, collated with the accurate edition executed in 1816 under the auspices of the British and Foreign Bible Society, and edited by Professor Lee. The Apocalypse and such of the Epistles as are not extant in the Old Syriac Version, are given from the Philoxenian or New Syriac Version. The text of the Latin Vulgate version is taken from the edition of pope Clement VIII. The authorised English version is accompanied with the marginal renderings, and a new selection of well-chosen parallel texts. The other modern versions are professedly given from accurate editions.

The PROLEGOMENA of the Rev.

Dr. and Professor Lee present a compendious and neatly written epitome of the Literary History of the Text and Versions of the Old and New Testaments, which contains some new and important critical information. Copies of the several texts and versions of this polyglott edition are thrown off in detached small octavo volumes: and copies of the quarto Polyglott New Testament may also be procured, with a distinct title page.

1

1 The publisher of the Polyglott Bible above noticed, in 1819 issued from the press an octoglott edition of the Liturgy of the Anglican church, in one quarto volume, which may justly be pronounced one of the finest specimens of typography that ever issued from the British press. The eight languages, printed in this edition, are the English, French, Italian, German, Spanish, Antient Greek, Modern Greek, and Latin. The English text is given from a copy of the Oxford Edition of the Common Prayer Book. The French version is modern, and is well known to most readers of that language, having frequently been printed and received with general approbation. The Psalms are printed from the Basle Edition of Ostervald's Bible. The Italian is taken from the edition of A. Montucci and L. Valletti, published in 1796, but revised throughout, and its orthography corrected. The Psalms, are copied from the Bible of Diodati. The German translation, by the Rev. Dr. Küper (Chaplain of the Royal German Chapel, St. James's), is entirely new, except the Psalms, which are taken from Luther's German Version of the Scriptures. The Spanish, by the Rev. Blanco White, is for the most part new. The Psalms are printed from Padre Scio's great Spanish Bible, published at Madrid in 1807, in sixteen volumes. The translation into the Antient Greek language is that executed by Dr. Duport (A. D. 1665), who was Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Cambridge. The Psalms are from the Septuagint. The Modern Greek is an entirely new translation by M. A. Calbo, a learned native Greek, of the island of Zante. And the Latin version is nearly a reprint of the edition which was first printed by W. Bowyer, in 1720, with some alterations and ad

Several editions of the Bible are extant, in two or three languages, called Diglotts and Triglotts, as well as Polyglott editions of particular parts of the Scriptures. For an account of these, we are compelled to refer the reader to the Bibliotheca Sacra of Le Long and Masch, and the Bibliographical Dictionary of Dr. Clarke, already cited. A complete account of all these Polyglott editions is a desideratum in English literature: the following, however, may be mentioned as the principal Triglott and Diglott editions:

(1.) TRIGLOTT TESTAMENT.

Novi Testamenti Biblia Triglotta: sive Græci Textus Archetypi, Versionis Syriacæ, et Versionis Latinæ Vulgatæ Synopsis: cui accedunt Subsidia Critica varia. Evangelia. Londini. 1828. 4to.

Those who may not be able to procure any of the more costly polyglotts, will find a cheap substitute for them in this handsomely printed volume. The Greek text is printed after the editions, with improved punctuation, of Knappe and Vater; this is accompanied by the Syriac Version, after the text of Professor Lee's accurate edition, printed in 1816; and at the foot of the page is the Latin Vulgate version, according to the Sixtine recension, printed from the Antwerp edition of 1603, which was superintended by John Moret. To the work is prefixed Prof. Vater's Index of Critical Subsidia; and in an Appendix there is given his selection of Various Readings, with the authorities by which they are supported.

(2.) DIGLOTT BIBLES.

1. Biblia Sacra Hebraica, cum interlineari interpretatione Latina Xantis Pagnini: accessit Bibliorum pars, quæ Hebraicè non reperitur, item Novum Testamentum, Græcè, cum Vulgata Interpretatione Latinâ, studio Benedicti Ariæ MONTANI. Antwerpiæ, 1572, 1584. Geneva, 1609, 1619, (with a new title only.) Lipsia, 1657, folio.

"You will find the edition of the Hebrew Scriptures by Arias Montanus more useful to you than perhaps any other."-(Bishop Gleig's Directions for the Study of Theology, p. 93.) The edition of 1572 forms the Sixth volume of the Antwerp Polyglott (No. 2. p. 36. supra): as it is the first, so it is the best edition. The octavo editions, ex officinâ Plantiniana Raphelengii (Lugduni Batavorum), 1599 or 1610-1613, in nine volumes, are of very little value. In the folio editions above noticed, the Latin word is placed above the Hebrew and Greek words, to which they belong. The Latin version of Xantes or Santes Pagninus is corrected by Montanus, and his learned coadjutors, Raphelenge, and others.

2. Biblia Hebraica, i. e. Vetus Testamentum, seu Hagiographi Canonici Veteris nempe Testamenti Libri, qui originario nobis etiamnum ore leguntur, ex Hebraico in Latinum ad litteram versi, adjectâ editione Vulgatâ. Hebraicè et Latinè, curâ et studio Ludovici DE BIEL, e Societate Jesu. Vienna, 1743. 4 vols. 8vo.

This is an elegant edition, little known in this country, but in many respects highly valuable. It contains the Hebrew, and two Latin versions,-that of the Vulgate edition in 1592, and that of Arias Montanus. It is ornamented with vignettes, and the initial letters, which are well engraved on copper, 'represent some fact of sacred history, to which the immediate subject is applicable.

3. Biblia Hebraica ex recensione A. Hahnii, cum Vulgatâ Versione Latinâ. Lipsiæ, 1838. 2 tomis, 8vo.

4. The Old Testament, English and Hebrew, with remarks, critical and grammatical, on the Hebrew, and corrections of the English. By Anselm BAYLEY, LL.D. London, 1774. 4 vols. 8vo.

The Hebrew text is printed in long lines on the left hand page; and the authorised English version, on the right hand page, divided into two columns. The critical notes, which are very few, are placed under the English text. The Hebrew text is accompanied, throughout, with the Keri and Ketib; but all the accents, &c. are omitted, except the atl..

ditions by the present editor (John Carey, LL.D.), sometimes taken from the translation of Mr. Thomas Parsel, the fourth edition of which was published in 1727. The Psalms

are from the Vulgate.

nach, which answers to our colon, and the soph pashuk, which is placed at the end of each verse in the Bible. At the end of each book is given an epilogue, containing a summary view of the history, transactions, &c. recorded therein. The work is ornamented with a frontispiece, representing Moses receiving the tables of the law on Mount Sinai, and two useful maps;-one of the journeying of the Israelites, in which each station is numbered; and another of their settlement in the promised land. The letter-press of the Hebrew is very unequally distributed over the pages; some are long, and others short; some are wide, and others narrow. On some pages not fewer than thirty-seven lines are crowded together, while others contain only twenty-three. In other respects, Dr. A. Clarke pronounces. it to be a pretty correct work; but, besides the errata noticed by the editor, he adds, that the reader will find the sentence-thou shalt visit thy habitution, left out of the English text, in Job v. 24. (Bibliogr. Dic. vol. i. p. 274.)

SECTION V.

ANTIENT VERSIONS OF THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS.

§ 1. TARGUMS, OR CHALDEE PARAPHRASES OF THE OLD TESTAMENT. 1. Targum, seu Paraphrasis Chaldaica ONKELOSI in Pentateuchum Latine, ex versione Alfonsi de Zamora. Venetiis, 1747, 4to.

Also in the Complutensian, Antwerp, Paris, and London Polyglotts. This version of the Targum of Onkelos was likewise printed at Antwerp, 1616, and at Venice, 1609, in folio.

2. Thargum, hoc est, Paraphrasis Onkeli Chaldaica in Sacra Biblia; ex Chaldaico in Latinum fidelissime versa, additis in singula fere capita succinctis annotationibus, Authore Paulo FAGIO. Pentateuchus, sive quinque libri Moysis. Tom. I. Argentorati, 1546, folio.

One volume only of this work was published. Fagius's learned annotations are inserted in the Critici Sacri.

3. Targum PSEUDO-JONATHANIS in Pentateuchum, Latine, ex versione Antonii Čevalerii. Londini, 1657, folio. (In Bp. Walton's Polyglott.)

4. TARGUM HIEROSOLYMITANUM in Pentateuchum, Latine, ex versione Antonii Cevalerii. Londini, 1657, folio. (In Bp. Walton's Polyglott.) Bp. Walton states that the Latin version of Chevalier is more faithful than that published by Francis Taylor, at London, in 1649, 4to,

5. Targum JONATHANIS in Josue, Judices, Libros Regum, Isaiæ, Hieremiæ, Ezechielis et XII. Minorum Prophetarum, Latine, ex versione Alfonsi de Zamora, a Benedicto Aria Montano ad Hebraicam et Chaldaicam veritatem correctâ, folio. (In the Antwerp, Paris, and London Polyglotts.)

Various other editions of the Targum of Jonathan Ben Uzziel are noticed in Masch's and Boerner's edition of Le Long's Bibliotheca Sacra, Part II. vol. iii. pp. 654–656. 6. Targum R. JOSEPHI Cœci et aliorum in Chetuvim, Latine, ex versione Alfonsi de Zamora, et recognitione Ariæ Montani, folio.

7. Targum in Psalmos, Ecclesiasten, et Librum Esther, ex versione Aria Montani, folio.

Both the preceding Targums are found in the Antwerp, Paris, and London Polyglotts; in the last, the translation has been further revised by Dr. Edmund Castell.

8. Liber Jobi, Chaldaice et Latine, cum notis. Opera et studio Johannis Terentii. Franeckeræ, 1663, 4to.

The Latin translation is that of Alfonso de Zamora, revised by Montanus, and further corrected by the editor. Masch pronounces this to be a rare and erudite publication.

9. Cantica Canticorum et Ecclesiastes Salomonis paraphrastico sermone conscripti, et ex Chaldæa lingua in Latinam versi per Erasmum Oswaldum Schreckenfuchsium. Basileæ, 1553, 8vo.

10. Chaldaica Paraphrasis Libelli Ruth, a mendis repurgata, et punctis juxta analogiam grammaticam notata, cum Latina Interpretatione et Annotationibus, per Joannem Mercerum. Parisiis, 1564, 4to.

11. Paraphrasis Chaldaica Librorum Chronicorum, Latine, curâ Matthiæ Friderici Beckii. Augustæ Vindelicorum, 1680-83-84, 2 vols. 4to.

12. Paraphrasis Chaldaica in Librum priorem et posteriorem Chronicorum. Auctore Rabbi JOSEPHO, Rectore Academiæ in Syria. Nunc demum à Manuscripto Cantabrigiensi descripta, ac cum Versione Latina in lucem missa a Davide Wilkins. Cantabrigiæ, 1717, 4to. Amstelodami, 1725, 4to. The manuscript, from which this edition was printed, was written A.D. 1477. It was discovered by Mr. Samuel Clarke, an eminent oriental scholar, in the University of Cambridge: and, besides the Chaldee paraphrase on the books of Chronicles, it contained the books of Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Daniel, Ezra, and Nehemiah, with a targum or paraphrase on each. The book is elegantly printed, the Chaldee text with vowel points being on the right hand page, and the Latin translation on the left: both are divided into verses. The copies, dated Amstelodami, 1725, are the same as those printed at Cambridge, but with a new title-page.

§ 2. Antient Greek Versions.

[i.] THE SEPTUAGINT.1

The following table exhibits the four principal Standard Text Editions of the Septuagint Greek version, together with the principal editions which are founded upon them :

1. COMPLUTENSIAN TEXT, 1514.

Antwerp Polyglott, Fol. Gr. Lat. &c. 1569-72.—Commelini. Fol. Gr. 1586, 1599, 1616. Wolderi. Fol. Gr. 1596.-Hutteri. Fol. 1599. Gr. Lat. &c.-Paris Polyglott, Fol. Gr. Lat. &c. 1645.

2. ALDINE TEXT, 1518.

Cephalai. Oct. Gr. 1526.-Hervagii, Fol. Gr. 1545.-Brylingeri. Oct. Gr. 1550.— Wechelii Hæred. Fol. Gr. 1597.

3. ROMAN OR VATICAN TExt, 1587.

Waltoni Polyglotta. Fol. Gr. Lat. &c. 1657.-Morini. Fol. Gr. Lat. 1628.-Daniel. Qto. et Oct. Gr. 1653, 1665, 1683.-Cluveri. Oct. Gr. 1697.-Bosii. Gr. Qto. 1709.-Milii, Oct. G. 1725.- Reineccii. Oct. Gr. 1730, 1757.-Kirchneri. Oct. Gr. 1759.-Holmesii. Fol. Gr. 1798, &c. The editions printed at Oxford, Oct. Gr. 1805, 1817.-Valpii, 1819. -L. Von Ess, 1824.-Maii, 1839.

4. THE ALEXANDRINE TEXT, 1707-9-19-20.

Breitingeri. Qto. Gr. 1730-33. Reineccii Biblia Quadrilinguia. Fol. Gr. Lat. &c. 1750. Baberi. Fol. 1816-27.

Of the various editions of the Septuagint Greek version, which have issued from the press, the following more particularly claim the notice of the biblical student. Most of them contain the New Testament, in addition to the Old; but as the principal editions of the former have already been described, no notice will be taken of them :

1. Biblia Græca; cum versione Latina ad verbum. In Bibliis Polyglottis Compluti editis, 1514, 1515. 1517.

The text of this edition was composed after several manuscripts which the editors neglected to describe; they have frequently been charged with having altered the Greek text, to make it harmonise with the Hebrew, or rather with the Vulgate version, and with having filled up the chasms in the Alexandrian or Septuagint version from other Greek

1 This notice of the principal editions of the Septuagint version is chiefly taken from Masch and Boerner's edition of Le Long's Bibliotheca Sacra, part ii. vol. ii. pp. 263–323. Many other editions of this version, and of detached books of it, are there described, which we have not room to detail.

interpreters.-For a further account of the Complutensian Polyglott, see pp. 35, 36. suprà.

2. Παντα τα κατ' εξοχην καλουμενα Βιβλια θειας δηλαδη γραφης παλαιας τε Kaι vɛaç.—Sacræ Scripturæ Veteris Novæque omnia. Venetiis, 1518, small folio.

This edition appeared in 1518, two years after the death of Aldus Manutius; it was executed under the care of his father-in-law, Andreas Asulanus. The text was compiled from numerous antient MSS. Archbishop Usher is of opinion, that in many instances it follows the readings of Aquila's version, instead of those of the Septuagint. The Aldine text, however, is pronounced by Bishop Walton to be much purer than that in the Complutensian Polyglott, to which it is actually prior in point of time; for though the Polyglott bears date 1514-1517, it was not published until the year 1522. Father Simon and M. de Colomies

concur in speaking very highly of the execution of the Aldine edition.

3. Της Θειας Γραφης παλαιας δηλαδη και νεας απαντα. Divinæ Scripturæ Veteris Novæque omnia. Argentorati, apud Wolphium Cephalæum, 1526. 4 vols. 8vo.

This edition is of great rarity: the fourth volume contains the New Testament. It follows the text of Aldus, and is not only well and correctly printed, but possesses the additional merit of judicious punctuation. Though the chapters are distinguished, the text is not divided into verses; and a space is left at the beginning of each chapter for the insertion of the initial letter. The Apocryphal books, and a small but valuable collection of various readings, are added in this edition by the editor John LONICER US, a disciple and follower of the illustrious reformer, Dr. Martin Luther. Copies of this edition are sometimes to be met with, having the date of 1529. They are however all of the same impression, the beginning of the preface being altered, the name of Lonicerus omitted, and that of Jerome substituted for Luther, with a new title-page.

4. Της Θειας Γραφης παλαιας δηλαδη και νεας απαντα. Divinæ Scripturæ Veteris ac Novi Testamenti omnia, innumeris locis nunc demum, et optimorum librorum collatione et doctorum vivorum operâ, multo quam unquam emendatiora, in lucem edita. Cum Cæs. Majest. gratia et privilegio ad quinquennium. Basiliæ, per Joannem Hervagium, 1545, folio.

In this rare and little known edition, the text of Lonicerus is chiefly followed; it is said to surpass in correctness both the Strasburg and Venetian editions, and also has some valuable various readings. The preface was written by Melancthon.

5. Biblia Græca, Græcè et Latinè. .. Basileæ, per Nicholaum Brylingerum. 1550, 5 vols. 8vo.

Each of the five volumes, of which this edition consists, has a distinct title-page which is printed by Masch. The Greek and Latin are placed in opposite columns; the former from the Aldine text, the latter from the Vulgate, as printed in the Complutensian Polyglott. The type, though rather too small to be read with ease, is pronounced by Masch to be distinct and neat.

6. Ἡ Παλαια Διαθηκη, κατα τους Εβδομηκοντα δι' αυθεντιας Ξυστου Ε. Αχρου Aрxiερews εкdolεioa.-Vetus Testamentum Græcum, juxta LXX Interpretes, studio Antonii Cardinalis CARAFE, ope virorum doctorum adjuti, cum prefatione et scholiis Petri Morini. Romæ ex Typographia Francisci Zannetti, 1586, folio.

A beautiful edition, of great rarity and value. The copies of it are of two dates ;-some with M.D.LXXXVI, as they originally appeared, and others with the date of M.D.LXXXVII, the figure 1. having been subsequently added with a pen. The latter copies are most commonly met with, and hence this edition is usually dated 1587. They contain 783 pages of text, preceded by four leaves of preliminary matter, which are followed by another (subsequently added), intitled Corrigenda in notationibus Psalterii. This last-mentioned leaf is not found in the copies bearing the date of 1586, which also want the privilege of Pope Sixtus V. dated May 9th, 1587, at whose request and under whose auspices it was undertaken by cardinal Antonio Carafa, aided by Antonio Agelli, Peter Morinus, Fulvio Ursino, Robert Bellarmin, cardinal Sirlet, and others. The celebrated Codex Vaticanus 1209 was the basis of the Roman or Sixtine edition, as it is usually termed; but the editors did not exclusively adhere to that MS., having changed both the orthography and readings whenever these appeared to them to be faulty. Such is the opinion of Drs. Hody and Grabe, Eichhorn, Morus, and other eminent critics; though the late Dr. Holmes has contended that the text of the Roman edition was printed from one single MS., which was exclusively followed